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Biol 211 (2)
Hypotheses, Theories and Science
1. Which of the following best describes the logic of hypothesis-based science?
a. If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.
b. If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.
c. If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis.
d. If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.
e. If my experiments are set up right, they will lead to a testable hypothesis.
2. Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in
science?
a. Theories are hypotheses that have been proved.
b. Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers.
c. Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad
explanatory power.
d. Hypotheses must be supported by lots of evidence.
e. Theories are proved true in all cases; hypotheses are usually falsified by tests.
3. How do taxonomy and phylogenetic trees differ in purpose?
4. What are the two main types of cells?
a. bacteria and archaea
b. plant and animal
c. bacteria and protists
d. prokaryotes and eukaryotes
e. bacteria and eukaryotes
5. Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.
a. Bacteria and Archaea
b. Bacteria and Eukarya
c. Bacteria and Protista
d. Bacteria
e. Protista and Archaea
6. A theory is _____.
a. a poorly supported idea that has little backing but might be correct
b. a well-supported concept that has broad explanatory power
c. the same thing as a hypothesis
d. not correct unless it is several years old
e. a concept that, once established in the scientific literature, can be modified but
never rejected, even when new scientific methods produce data that don't fit
7. Biology is organized in a ________________, increasing in complexity each time you
go (up/down). As complexity of the organization increases, more characteristics are
known, which are called ________________________________. With this organization,
we can use _____________________________, in that we can look at simpler, smaller
pieces of the whole instead of studying the hugely complex field of biology at once.
Biol 211 (2)
Hypotheses, Theories and Science
8. How do endotoxins and exotoxins differ?
9. A node on a phylogenetic tree represents
a. convergence
b. divergence
c. regression
d. artificial selection
e. extinction
10. Where is a bacterial cell’s DNA found?
a. Mitochondria
b. Nucleus
c. Peroxisome
d. Nucleoid region
e. Capsule
11. Gram-___________ bacteria have many lipopolysaccharides on their cell wall,
meaning they are ___________ resistant to antibiotics which prevent peptidoglycan
cross-linking.
a. Negative…more
b. Negative…less
c. Positive…less
d. Positive…more
12. Bacterial cells, but not eukaryotic cells, possess _____.
a. Photosynthetic pigments
b. A nucleoid with a circular chromosome
c. Membrane-enclosed organelles
d. Cell walls
13. Plasmids _____.
a. Often contain antibiotic resistance genes.
b. Are transferred from one bacterium to another.
c. Allow bacteria to survive adverse conditions.
d. All of the above.
14. Prokaryotes can either make their own energy, which are called
__________________, or get energy from outside sources, called __________________.
15. List reasons as to why bacteria are able to adapt so readily to their environment. How
is this bad for humans?