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Chapter 4 Review and Test Preparation Vocabulary Review Use the terms below to complete the sentences. The page numbers tell you where to look in the chapter if you need help. speed p. 146 velocity p. 146 acceleration p. 148 inertia p. 155 1. The speed and direction of a moving object is its ____. 2. The distance an object travels in a certain amount of time is its ____. 3. The rate of change of velocity over time is ____. 4. The tendency of an object to maintain its state of motion is ____. Check Understanding Write the letter of the best choice. 5. When a boy lands on a trampoline, he pushes the trampoline. What is the reaction force? A. gravity pulling the boy down B. the boy pushing down C. the friction between the boy and the trampoline D. the trampoline pushing upward 6. The diagram shows a force acting on an object. What is the direction of the object's acceleration? F. opposite to the force G. in the same direction as the force H. at right angles to the force J. in any direction 7. What force helps you stop when you're skateboarding? A. friction B. gravity C. inertia D. magnetism 8. A worm crawls 2 meters in 2 hours. What is the worm's speed? F. 1 m/hr G. 2 m/hr H. 4 m/hr J. 10 m/hr 9. Which of the following is not part of Newton's second law? A. mass B. position C. acceleration D. force 10. A girl ice-skates in a circle at a constant speed of 10 km/hr. What part of her motion is changing? F. acceleration G. friction H. speed J. velocity 11. Which of the following does not cause a car to accelerate? A. steering wheel B. gas pedal C. tires D. brakes 166 12. If you were a bicycle racer, what feature would you look for in a bike? F. large tires G. tires with high friction H. low mass J. high mass 13. A balloon rises at a rate of 2 km/hr. What is its velocity? A. 2 mi/hr, upward B. 2 km/hr, upward C. 2 km/s2 D. 2 km/hr 14. CAUSE AND EFFECT If you walk on a 0 log floating in water, the log moves backward. Which of the following explains this? F. Newton's first law G. Newton's second law H. Newton's third law J. friction 15. A truck, a car, a motorcycle, and a train are all moving at the same speed. Which has the most momentum? A. car B. motorcycle C. train D. truck 16. MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS Which two 0 factors make up momentum? F. mass and velocity G. force and mass H. mass and acceleration J. velocity and gravity Inquiry Skills 17. Pluto is the smallest planet in the solar system. Infer whether you would feel lighter or heavier on Pluto than on Earth. Explain why. 18. How can a race-car driver keep the same engine (the force) but increase the acceleration of the car? Identify the control variable and the test variable. Critical Thinking 19. Look at the diagrams. For each one, state the reaction force. --- see diagrams 20. Part A A cyclist travels at 40 km/hr going north. Another cyclist travels at 40 km/hr going south. Are the cyclists traveling at the same speed? The same velocity? Explain. Part B In what ways can the cyclists change their velocities? Name as many as you can. 167