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Adv. Review Notes
Alliteration
A phrase or sentence that has several words that begin with the same
consonant
Riley really reacted like a scared monkey when she saw her reflection
in the mirror.
Conditional
clause
A phrase that stipulates one event being dependent upon another: will
start with “if”, “although”, “even though” or “even if”. If the
condition is in the beginning comma is needed but not at the end
Even if Derrick paid me a million dollars, I would not be his friend.
Complex
Sentence
It is a sentence that contains a subordinate or dependent clause and an
independent clause
Because I like Chili, I eat it on Wednesday nights.
Appositive
A phrase that renames a noun or the subject
Emily, the intelligent afro puff, was turned around in her desk not
paying attention.
Compound
Two independent clauses joined by either a comma and a conjunction
or a semi colon
I went to the park; it started to rain.
Subject/verb
agreement
The subject and verb need to agree in number
He is tall (correct). He are tall (incorrect).
Hyperbole
An example of figurative language where extreme exaggeration is
used
The test took forever. Hailie was so hungry she could eat a horse.
Why group
A clause or phrase that explains why something happened. If at the
beginning of the sentence a comma is needed but not at the end.
Since I am a violent person, I hit myself in the face on Tuesdays.
When group
A clause or phrase that explains when something happened.
At 2:00, I went to the game. I went to the game at 2:00.
When I went to the store, I bought milk. (complex) I bought milk
when I went to the store. (simple)
Idioms
Figures of speech that are not meant to be taken literally
Stop beating around the bush.
Where group
A phrase or clause that explains where something took place. A
comma is needed only if the where group is 4 or more words, not
needed at the end
At the park I played basketball.
Surround the
noun
There needs to be an adjective before the noun and description that
begins with “with” or “that” after the noun
The furry dog with a giant head ate my sister.
Simile/metaphor Simile is a comparison of two unlike things using like or as. Metaphor
is the same but without like or as
Shaq is a giant tree and he slammed on Kobe, which caused him to run
away like a scared rabbit.
Prepositional
phrase
A phrase that begins with a preposition. Prepositions show location
I put my keys on the table.
Pronoun
A noun that takes the place of a proper noun such as his, her, she, they,
etc.
Emily ate a sandwich and then she became sick.
Proper noun
Nouns that classify a specific individual, place or object
I live in California.
Adjective and
adverb
Adjectives modify nouns and adverbs modify verbs and adjectives;
they often end in “ly”.
The very tall man ran quickly.
adv adj
adv
Conjunction
links words, phrases and clauses such as and, or, but, so, etc.
I like cake and ice cream.
3 parts of an
introduction
Hook: a quote, anecdote, general statement, shocking statement
Background: general info. or a summary of related content
Thesis: your or the author’s position on the topic
Format of a
body paragraph
Topic sentence
Factual support
Explain fact
2nd fact
explain 2nd fact
Transition
Prose and
poetry
Prose is organized in sentences and paragraphs. Poetry is organized in
lines and stanzas
Imagery
The author is appealing to the readers 5 senses through description
Symbolism
A concrete object will represent some sort of abstract concept
Foreshadowing
The author gives clues to what is going to happen later in the text
Folk literature
To pass down values usually orally from generation to generation
Connotation
A feeling associated with a word. Example: The connotation of
“cheap” would be poor quality
Denotation
The definition of a word. Example: Cheap means inexpensive
Declarative
sentence
A sentence that makes declaration. Example: This food tastes
horrible.
Infer
To derive a logical conclusion from a premise or to take what you
know and make a guess
Imply
To make a statement indirectly. Example: Wow you wear a size 42!
The implication would be that you are fat.