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Download USHG 8-Mr. Garcia Name Civil War Battle Timeline Chapters 16
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USHG 8-Mr. Garcia Civil War Battle Timeline Chapters 16 & 17 DATE BATTLE April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter July 21, 1861 First Bull Run (First Manassas) February 6 and 16, 1862 Battles of Fort Henry and Donelson March 9, 1862 Battle of the Ironclads Name __________________________ Date ________________ Period _____ DETAILSRESULT-WHO WON? GENERALS/OBJECTIVES/CASUALTIES -Charleston Harbor, SC Confederate victory when Union -Anderson Union surrenders -Beauregard Confederate SIGNIFICANCE -Beginning of Civil War -Manassas, VA -Beauregard Confederate vs McDowell Union -Union attempt take Richmond the Confederate capital -Introduction of Stonewall Jackson Confederate victory -South thrilled -North is shocked, underestimated their opponent -Lincoln calls for army of 500,000 volunteers -Ft. Henry on Tennessee River and Ft. Donelson on Cumberland River -Ulysses S. Grant-Union -Objective was to take Tennessee -4,332 casualties Union victory -Opens a river highway to the South -Union troops march into Nashville -off the coast of VA -new warships covered with iron Merrimack vs Monitor -Four-hour battle Draw -New era of naval warfare -New war technology -Confederates burn Merrimack April 6-7, 1862 Battle of Shiloh -Near Pittsburg Landing TN -Grant and Sherman Union vs Johnston and Beauregard Confederate -Johnston attacks Grant to drive him out of South -Union casualties-13,000 -Confederate casualties-11,000 Union victory -fiercest fighting in the CW so far - “A very bloody affair” - “A war of conquest…” April 24, 1862 Battle of New Orleans -Farragut-Union fleet commander -Objective to control N.O. and the Miss. River Union Victory June 25, 1862 The Seven Days’ Battles -Union captures New Orleanslargest city in the South -only 150-mile stretch of Miss. River still controlled by Confederacy -heavy blow to South -Union well on way to goal of splitting the Confederacy in two -along with Second Bull Run-Lee ends Union threat in VA August 29-30, 1862 -near Richmond VA -McClellan tries to capture Richmond -Robert E. Lee in charge of Army of Northern VA -JEB Stuart Commander of Confederate Cavalry -McClellan forced to retreat -36,000 casualties -Union-16,000 casualties and 1700 killed -Confed.-20,000 casualties and 3500 killed Second Bull Run -Manassas VA (Second Manassas) -Union-John Pope -Confederate-Robert E. Lee -22, 100 casualties -Union 1700 killed -Confederate 1300 killed Confederate victory Confederate victory -along with Seven Days ends Union threat in VA -Gives Lee the opportunity to move his army into Maryland (invade the Union) September 1862 Lee invades the North Details:1. Lee hoped a victory in the North would force Lincoln to talk peace 2. the invasion would give VA farmers a break from war during harvest season 3. Confederate soldiers could plunder Northern farms for food 4. Lee wanted to convince European countries to side with South September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam Creek -near Sharpsburg MD -Union McClellan -Confed-Lee -Union soldier finds Lee’s battle plans and McClellan decides to attack and stop Lee’s army -23,000 casualties -Union 2,100 killed -Confederacy 1,500 killed Inconclusive but Lincoln claims victory December 11-15, 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg Confederate-Robert E. Lee -Confederate victory Union-Ambrose Burnside 17,929 total casualties -one of the largest and deadliest battles of the war -200,000 combatants-largest concentration of soldiers in the war -fought in streets of Fredericksburg, first urban battle of war -bloodiest day in all of American history -McClellan does not pursue Lee and is fired by Lincoln (Nov 1862) -Mathew Brady’s pictures on display in NY -Lincoln uses claim of victory to issue the Emancipation Proclamation -great Confederate victory -Lee quote: ““It is well that war is so terrible, or we should grow too fond of it.” -Lincoln removes Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac DATE January 1, 1863 April 21May 11, 1863 BATTLE DETAILSRESULT-WHO WON? SIGNIFICANCE GENERALS/OBJECTIVES/CASUALTIES President Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation Details: 1. Abolitionists urge Lincoln to emancipate enslaved persons 2. Lincoln hesitates/did not believe Const. gave him the power 3. After Antietam he decides to act 4. January 1, 1863-Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation-frees all slaves in Confederate territory 5. even though it freed few slaves-it changed the goal of the war to liberation 6. EP also accepted African-American men into Union Army; many joined, by end of war 180,000 black soldiers Battle of Chancellorsville Confederate-Lee Union-Hooker 30,764 casualties Confederate victory -at the time Chancellorsville was the bloodiest battle…more than Antietam, Shiloh, Second Bull Run …at least until Gettysburg -loss of Stonewall Jackson for the Confederate side Union victory Lee’s hopes for a Confederate victory in the North crushed -Stonewall Jackson (Confederate) takes30,000 men and swings around the enemy, launches a surprise attack on Hooker July 1-3, 1863 -Jackson shot by own men; loses left arm and then dies of pneumonia Battle of Gettysburg -June 1863, Lee crosses into southern PA -Shoes @Gettysburg—July 1 Union and Confederate troop meet -Meade has 90,000 troops and Lee has 75,000 -three-day battle -Pickett’s charge on third day-13,000 charge middle of Union Line -North has 23,000 casualties and South has 28,000 Lee takes army back to VA July 4, 1863 Battle (Siege) of Vicksburg -Vicksburg was last major Confederate stronghold on Miss River -Grant had begun attacking in May -direct hits did not work…settled in for siege-prevented delivery food and supplies -Confederates run out of food and surrender Union victory -North has complete control over Miss River now -With Gettysburg-tide of war changes in favor of North -Britain gave up all thought of supporting the South -Lincoln finally finds a man to fight Lee-Grant July 13, 1863 New York Draft Riots Details: 1. Union passes a draft law in March 1863 2. draft was very unpopular 3. anger over the draft and simmering racial tensions led to four days of riots 4. property destroyed and over 100 killed-many are African-American July 18, 1863 Fort Wagner [54th Massachusetts] Fort Wagner SC 54th Most famous Black Regiment of war Commanded by Robert Gould Shaw 1,700 casualties 54th loses almost half of men Confederate victory Did not succeed in taking the Fort-but bravery increased AfAmer enlistments in Union Army May 2-3 1863 Chancellorsville -Union-Joseph Hooker -Confederate-Robert E. Lee -Lee shreds the Union forces with half as many men -30,760 casualties -17,300 Union -13,400 Confederate Confederate victory -Stonewall Jackson killed by own troops -gave Lee motivation to move north again -Lee hoped that Confederate victory in north would bring calls for peace and lead European nations to aid the South November 19, 1863 Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address: Details: 1. November 19, 1863 2. officials gather at Gettysburg to dedicate national cemetery 3. Lincoln delivers a 2-minute speech 4. Main ideas: a. nation based on equality b. this war is to preserve our country c. here to dedicate part of battlefield as cemetery d. soldier’s actions are most important—not the dedication e. the living must finish the work of the soldiers-make sure freedom survives and democracy endures Themes/ideas of Gettysburg Address 1. equality 2. liberty/freedom 3. unity/union 4. sacrifice 5. democracy 6. endurance Nov 23-25, 1863 Battle of Chattanooga March 2, 1864 May 5-19, 1864 Ulysses S. Grant named General –in-Chief of Union armies. June 1-3, 1864 The Battle of Cold Harbor in Virginia The Battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania -Chattanooga TN -US Grant-Union -Bragg-Confederate -12,500 total casualties -Grant vs Lee -staggering losses on both sides -approx. 30,000 casualties for both sides in each -Spotsylvania and Orange Counties in VA -Hanover County VA -Lee vs Grant/Meade -17,000 casualties Union victory -Stage set for Union invasion into deep South and Sherman’s Atlanta campaign Both are inconclusive Grant emerges as a leader who will persevere Confederate victory Grant sends Meade on to Petersburg March 1864 July 18September 3, 1864 Sherman’s March to the Sea Details: 1. Sherman appointed by Grant to push deep into South to Atlanta and to Atlantic coast 2. Total war-tore up railroad lines, destroyed crops, burned and looted towns 3. path of destruction-60 miles wide and 300 miles long The Battles for Part of Sherman’s Total War Sherman vs Union victory Atlanta Hood 9,000 casualties December 21, 1864 Sherman captures Savannah, Georgia Georgia and Confederacy are destroyed (part of March to Sea Campaign) Petersburg VA-South of Richmond Grant vs Lee Almost 8,000 casualties Union victory March 25April 2, 1865 Battle [Siege] of Petersburg Union victory November 8, 1864 Lincoln is re-elected to second term as President Details: 1. Re-elected in 1864 with 55% of popular vote 2. defeated George McClellan who had campaigned on anti-war platform 3. Second Inaugural Address- “With malice towards none…” April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia Details: 1. Lee flees Richmond and Petersburg 2. Lee knows the situation is hopeless 3. Lee sends note to Grant-ready to surrender 4. Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House -Northerners could sense victory -Lincoln needed this victory …running for re-election in 1864 -after Sherman takes Atlanta, Lincoln wins with 55% of popular vote -Sherman marches on to Savannah -Christmas gift for Lincoln-150 heavy guns and 25,000 bales of cotton -Sherman now heads north to meet Grant in VA -Lee leaves, leaving Richmond undefended -Leads to Fall of Richmond on April 3 1865