Download Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs What Is A VERB? pp. 88

Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs
What Is A VERB? pp. 88-89
VERB
a word used to express an action,
a condition, or a state of being
Two Main Types of VERBS
Action Verbs
Tells what its
Linking Verbs
Links its subject
to a
subject does
word in the predicate
a. physical
-moved
-carried
-jumped
a. “to be” verbs
-be, am, was
-were, been
-being, is, are
b. mental
-worried
-feared
-thought
b. express condition
-appear, become
-feel, grow, look
-remain, seem,
-smell, taste
Examples of ACTION Verbs-
Examples of Linking Verbs-
1. Susan ran home.
1. Early humans
were food gatherers.
action verb
linking verb
2. The dog jumped.
2. They felt hungry.
action verb
linking verb
What Is A VERB?
Page 2
Some Verbs can serve as either ACTION or LINKING verbs.
1. Animals appeared at their campsites.
Action Verb
2. Some animals appeared friendly.
Linking Verb
Helping Verbs
and Verb Phrases
express action or shades
of meaning
Verb Phrase
a helping verb with
a main verb
Common Helping Verbs
Forms of be: be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being
Forms of do: do, does, did
Forms of have: have, has, had
Other:
could, should, would, may, might,
must, can, shall, will
Practice: Find the VERB or VERB PHRASE in each sentence. Tell if it is a LINKING
or an ACTION verb.
1. Civilizations developed over many years.
2. Many people traveled during this time.
3. The people could have been tired.
4. It was a difficult time for the people.
5. Leaders grew tired from the work.
6. People had troubles.
7. Civilizations survived for hundreds or thousands of years.
8. Students today learn about these civilizations.
9. They have read about the past life of these people.
Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs
Action Verbs and Objects pp. 91-93
OBJECTS OF VERBS The complements of action verbs
are either...
Direct Object
Indirect Object
a noun or pronoun
that names the
receiver of a verb’s
action
tells to whom or what
an action is done
Object of Preposition
the noun that follows a preposition
(Remember that objects of prepositions
are NEVER the DO or IO)
Transitive Verb
An ACTION VERB that HAS
a DIRECT OBJECT
Intransitive Verb
A VERB that DOES NOT
HAVE a DIRECT OBJECT
DO= YES
Good drivers avoid accidents.
Verb:
avoid
DO:
accidents
PRACTICE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
DO = NO
They stay alert.
Verb: stay
DO: ? NO
(Find the action verb, and COMPLEMENTS: DO or IO)
The speaker told us the risks of being a bully.
We should show the world the problems bullies cause.
The bully pushes people around.
Everyone should take steps to help.
Teachers ask the students questions about bullies.
Students tell others their feelings.
This should give the bullies answers to how to behave.
Hopefully, the world will want people to have happiness.
Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs
Linking Verbs and Predicate Words pp. 94-95
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT the complement that a linking
verb connects its subject to
It IDENTIFIES or DESCRIBES the subject!
PREDICATE NOUN
A noun that follows a
linking verb and modifies
the subject
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
an adjective that follows
a linking verb and
modifies the subject
Harriet was a queen.
Predicate Noun (PN)
Harriet was a natural at
leading. Predicate Adjective (PA)
Practice- Identify the linking verb, predicate noun, and predicate adjective.
1. George Washington was a president.
2. He became famous throughout the country.
3. People seemed happy that he was their leader.
4. They felt satisfied with his work.
5. George was a fighter for our country.
6. Our country was an example for others.
7. Our country was free.
8. People looked relieved to live here.
9. George Washington was important to our country.
Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs
Principal Parts of Verbs pp. 96-97
EVERY VERB HAS 4 BASIC PARTS CALLED
PRINCIPAL PARTS
Present
move
live
Present
Participle
(is) moving
(are) living
Past
moved
lived
Past
Participle
(has) moved
(have) lived
walk
skip
hop
cry
enjoy
paint
REGULAR VERBS a verb whose past and past
participle are formed by
adding -ed or -d and the
present participle is formed
by adding -ing.
past
past participle
present participle
= add -d or -ed
= add -d or -ed
= add -ing
Practice- Find the verb and decide which principal part it is.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The dog ate his homework.
Now the homework has disappeared from the room.
The dog is crying over his lost homework.
At school the dog teacher laughed over the destroyed work.
Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs
Irregular Verbs pp. 98-100
Irregular Verbs
and
forms
adding
Verbs whose past
past participle
are not made by
-ed or -d to the present.
Common Irregular Verbs:
Present
1. burst
2. buy
3. bite
4. blow
5. begin
6. swim
7. know
8. tear
9. split
10. spread
11. keep
12. sell
Past
Past Participle
burst
bought
bit
blew
began
(has) burst
(has) bought
(has) bit or bitten
(has) blown
(has) begun
Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs
Simple Tenses pp. 101-103
TENSE
a verb form that shows the time of
an action or condition
Simple Tenses
1. present tense = action or condition that
occurs NOW
2. past tense
= action or condition that was
completed in the PAST
3. future tense
= action or condition that WILL
occur in the FUTURE
Progressive Form
expresses
an action
or condition
IN PROGRESS
1. present progressive
= is cheering
2. past tense
= were cheering
3. future tense
= will be cheering
Simple Tenses
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Practice- In each sentence find the VERB and then
decide which principal part the verb
represents.
SENTENCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
We devour pizza.
We are devouring pizza.
We devoured pizza.
We have devoured pizza.
The dog is jumping over the fence.
6. The dog jumped over the fence.
7. Jump over the fence doggy.
8. The dog has jumped over the fence.
9. The plant is growing quickly.
10. Peter is sleeping all night.
11. Have you walked all night?
12. I have walked all night?
13. You are walking too fast.
VERB
PRINCIPAL PART
14. Have you walked all night?
15. The teacher is talking too fast.
16. Harry guesses the answer.
17. People always laugh at silly jokes.
18. You are listening during class.
Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs
Perfect Tenses pp. 104-106
Perfect Tenses
Present Perfect places an action or
condition
Tense:
in a stretch of time leading
up to the present.
*Hot-air balloons have existed for 300 years.
Present Perfect: (has or had + Past Participle)
Past Perfect
Tense
places an action or condition
before another past action
or condition.
*After scientists had used weather balloons for
years,
people discovered them for sport.
Past Perfect:
(had + Past Participle)
Future Perfect places a future action or
Tense:
condition before another
future action or condition.
*However, many more people will have tried the
sport before it becomes ordinary.
Future Perfect: (will + have + Past Participle)
Perfect Tenses
page 2
Practice- Find the perfect tense verbs and identify
whether they are present perfect, past perfect
or future perfect tense.
1. People had wanted freedom for many years.
2. Thousands of people will have fought in the
war before it is over.
3. Soldiers have taken all the children to safe
places.
4. Dust will have floated over all the land by the
time the fighting is over.
5. We have ridden on this train for hours.
6. If we had jumped off the train we would be out
of here by now.
7. She had walked the streets for hours before
resting on the bench.
Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs
Using Verb Tenses pp. 107-109
Present
Past
Future
*present tense
action in the
present
Trains are common.
will
*past tense
*future tense
action began
and was completed in past
shows actions
are yet to come
John walked home.
Kids always
need parents.
*present perfect tense *past perfect tense
action in periods of
actions before
time leading up to
other past actions
present
Trains have carried
cars
people.
there.
*present
progressive
form
*past progressive
progressive
form
Engineers are imwill
proving trains.
People had lived
Doctors were preparing for the sick
people.
*future perfect
tense
places actions
or conditions
before other
future actions
By 3,000,
will have
changed
*future
progressive
form
Teachers
be working for
years.
Language Notes: Chapter #4 Verbs
Troublesome Verb Pairs pp. 111-113
lie
= means to recline
(It DOES NOT take an OBJECT)
lay
= means to put or place
(It DOES take an OBJECT)
Present
Past
Past
Participle
lie
Pat lies on the floor.
lay
Pat lay down.
lain
Pat has lain
down.
lay
Pat lays the card down.
down.
laid
Pat laid the card down.
laid
Pat has laid the card
rise = means to move upward or to go up
(It DOES NOT take an OBJECT)
raise
= to lift up
(It DOES take an OBJECT)
Present
Past
rise
rose
The plane rises.
raise
Past Participle
risen
The plane rose.
The plane has risen.
raised
Jo raises the hood.
hood.
Troublesome Verb Pairs
raised
Jo raised the hood. Jo has raised the
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sit
= means to be seated
(It DOES NOT take an OBJECT)
set =
means to put or place
(It DOES take an OBJECT)
Present
Past
sit
sat
Let's sit up front.
We sat up front.
Past Participle
sat
We have sat up
front.
set
Bob sets down the keys.
set
Bob set down the keys.
set
Bob has set
down keys.
learn
Max learns to ski.
learned
Max learned to ski.
learned
Max has learned
to ski.
teach
Mr. Lu teaches math.
taught
Mr. Lu taught math.
taught
Mr. Lu has taught
math.
Practice1. Please ______________your hand if you wish to speak.
2. The teacher_______from her desk and started to teach.
3. Don’t just __________ on the floor.
4. I _____my keys down somewhere!
5. Who ___________ the class math?
7. I ____________ how to snowboard.