Download Handout 2New - Glendale Community College

Glendale Community College
Fall 2005
Telecourse
EARTH REVEALED
Geol-101: Physical Geology
Course #7695: 3 units
Instructor:
Poorna Pal MS MBA Ph.D.
Professor of Geology
Chair: Geology & Oceanography Program
Phone: (818)240-1000 ext 5517;
Office: CS-266
e-mail: [email protected]
Broadcasts:
Charter Communications Channel 15
Tuesdays and Thursdays: 11PM-Midnight
Saturdays: 11AM-Noon
Telecourse Office:
Location: AD 145
Phone: (818)240-1000 ext 5904 or 5898
e-mail: [email protected]
Handout 2 (Sept 16, 2005)
Broadcasts and the corresponding chapters in the textbook:
Sept 17 (11AM-Noon)
105 (Birth of a Theory)
Sept 20 & 22 (11PM-Midnight) 106 (Plate Dynamics)
Sept 24 (11AM-Noon)
107 (Mountain Building)
Sept 27 & 29 (11PM-Midnight) 108 (Earth Structures)
Oct 1 (11AM-Noon)
Oct 4 & 6 (11PM-Midnight)
4 (Plate Tectonics)
5 (Mountain Belts and the Continental Crust)
and 6 (Geologic Structures)
109 (Earthquakes)
110 (Geologic Time)
Quiz-2: Available Oct 4, due Oct 7
Class Meeting and Test-2: Oct 7, 6-9 PM, CS-266
Supplemental Instruction (SI): Oct 7, 5-6 PM, CS-266
7 (Earthquakes) and
8 (Time and Geology)
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Book’s Web-site:
Chapter 4:
Plate Tectonics
http://www.mhhe.com/earthsci/geology/plummer/student/olc/chap19intro.mhtml
Chapter 5:
Mountain Belts and the Continental Crust
http://www.mhhe.com/earthsci/geology/plummer/student/olc/chap20intro.mhtml
Chapter 6:
Geologic Structures
http://www.mhhe.com/earthsci/geology/plummer/student/olc/chap15intro.mhtml
Chapter 7:
Earthquakes
http://www.mhhe.com/earthsci/geology/plummer/student/olc/chap16intro.mhtml
Chapter 8:
Time and Geology
http://www.mhhe.com/earthsci/geology/plummer/student/olc/chap08intro.mhtml
Mike Strickler’s Video Study Guide
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/RogueComCollege/G100/StudyGuides/VSGindex.html
Episode 105: The Birth of a Theory
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What unifying theory united diverse geological phenomena?
List some of the evidence for Continental Drift.
Who was Alfred Wegener?
What was his "torn newspaper" analogy?
What did skeptics attack about his theory?
What mechanism did he propose for Continental Drift?
What technology developed during WW II helped the theory?
What is "Seafloor Spreading?"
What are "Subduction Trenches?"
How is "Paleomagnetism" used to support seafloor spreading?
How did a study of "Magnetic Field Reversals" support seafloor spreading?
What are "Transform Faults?"
How did drilling by the Glomar Challenger support seafloor spreading?
What is "Convection" and how does it relate to Plate Tectonics?
Episode 106: Plate Dynamics
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What are tectonic plates? Describe their general motions.
Describe a divergent plate boundary, as exposed in Iceland.
How do divergent and convergent boundaries work to keep earth the same size?
Describe the 3 types of convergent plate boundaries. Give examples of each.
Why does oceanic crust sink below continental crust?
What 2 things happen as a subducting plate sinks back into the earth?
Why are convergent volcanoes more explosive than divergent (basaltic) volcanoes?
Describe the lithosphere and asthenosphere, and how they interact.
How do strain rate and temperature affect plastic deformation in the mantle?
Discuss possible mechanisms for plate motions (push, slide, and/or pull).
Why does Dr. Ernst feel that there is some "pull" involved in this process?
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How do observations from space support the theory of plate tectonics?
What are mantle plumes?
What will happen when Hawaii drifts off the hot spot?
What questions remain about the theory of plate tectonics?
Episode 107: Mountain Building
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What are tectonic processes and what fuels them?
What are cratons?
What types of rock make up the Canadian Shield (as well as most other cratons)?
Describe the initial formation of earth's continental crustal materials.
How is greenstone changed into granitic continental rock?
Why are the youngest portions of the continents along the edges?
How does plate tectonics explain how ocean sediments are found in mountains?
Describe the rock cycle.
Describe the accretion process and how it relates to the building of the continents.
What is a terrain?
What commonly marks the boundaries of accreted terrains?
What clues do geologists look for to help determine the origin of accreted terrains?
What is responsible for the continued uplift of many major mountain ranges?
What is isostasy?
What two factors contribute to the formation of mountains?
What does the Mediterranean Sea represent?
Episode 108: Earth's Structures
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What causes the forces which shape the earth's landscape?
Discuss the development of sedimentary layering.
How is the principal of Original Horizontality used to decipher earth history?
How does a geologist measure the orientation of geologic structures?
What is an outcrop?
What is a geologic cross-section?
What are the 3 main categories of geologic structures?
What causes rocks to fold?
Describe anticlines and synclines. Diagrams would help.
What causes rocks to fracture instead of fold?
How are faults classified?
Describe the difference between dip-slip, strike-slip, and oblique-slip faults.
How are strike-slip faults sub-divided?
Describe normal, reverse, and thrust faults. Diagrams would help.
Discuss compressional and tensional stresses.
Define stress vs. strain.
What is the difference between plastic strain and elastic strain?
What happens if the elastic limit is exceeded?
What types of stresses are involved with what types of faults? Be specific.
Why do many compressional stresses occur at depth in the crust while many tensional
stresses occur near the surface?
What is an unconformity and how do they form?
Describe an angular unconformity. What do they imply about earth history?
What is a nonconformity,? Why do they represent the greatest lapse in time?
What is a disconformity and why can they be so difficult to identify?
Why is folding especially important to economic geology?
How are gas, oil, and water trapped by earth structures?
How does the study of structural geology relate to our modern society?
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Episode 109: Earthquakes
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What is the ultimate cause of movement within the earth's crust?
What are the benefits of living in a world which experiences earthquakes?
What causes earthquakes?
What is a fault?
What happens to the energy released during an earthquake?
Summarize the different types of seismic waves. Be specific.
Describe how seismologists use seismic velocities to locate earthquake epicenters.
What is a seismograph and how does it work?
Describe the Richter magnitude scale.
What is the difference in energy released between one Richter value and the next?
How does the period of an earthquake relate to a building's natural period?
What happens when they match?
Why was the Parkfield area chosen as a good location to study earthquakes?
What are the 3 goals of the Parkfield research experiment?
How are geophysicists studying the San Andreas fault near Parkfield?
What 3 methods do they use to measure slippage along the fault?
What do scientists hope to see before the next Parkfield earthquake?
What happens to water wells before some earthquakes? Why does this happen?
What are foreshocks and how do they relate to earthquake prediction?
Why do Parkfield geologists feel their project will be valuable?
What factors complicate earthquake prediction?
Episode 110: Geologic Time
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What was the original Biblical estimate of when the earth was formed?
What is one of the most difficult aspects of understanding any study of the earth?
What important question intrigued Hutton?
What did he observe which helped answer his dilemma?
What did he reason about unconformities, and what did they indicate to him?
Describe the Principal of Uniformity and how it relates to the timing of geological events.
Describe the Principle of Superposition and how it helps to unravel earth's history.
Describe the Principle of Original Horizontality.
Describe the Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships.
How do geologists use relative age dating?
What are fossils, and how do they help geologists locate themselves in time?
Describe the Principal of Faunal Succession.
What is paleontology?
How have geologists established the Relative Geologic Time Scale?
What did Rutherford determine in 1905?
Describe the process of radioactive decay.
How does radioactive dating work?
What is half-life? What is the half-life of Carbon-14?
Why is Carbon-14 age dating only good for materials less than 50,000 years old?
How do geologists date older materials?
What is the half-life of Uranium-235?
Describe the process of calculating a radiometric age date.
What is a mass spectrometer and how does it work?
What is the correlation between absolute and relative age dating, and how do they work together to
establish a chronology of earth history?