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Greek City-States II I. Sparta only five to ten percent of the population were full __________—rulers, soldiers, landowners Most of the population was farm laborers called __________. Sparta developed into a strong _________ state to prevent revolts by the helots. All Spartan citizens received severe physical training. An __________ of male citizens over the age of 30 ruled Sparta. A __________ of 30 males over the age of 60, called elders, was known as the Senate. The Senate could override the actions of the Assembly. II. Athens __________ encouraged trade and foreign contacts. Athenians took pride in the __________ and __________ life of their polis. Open discussion of current issues occurred on a daily basis. Citizens had the obligation to serve in the Athenian army or navy and to participate in government. __________ was limited. A little more than half of the population of Athens was citizens. Women and slaves could not be citizens. Foreign-born people could not become citizens. Beginning about 600 B.C., Athens began to develop a __________ form of government. First Draco, then Solon, and later Cleisthenes and Pericles, introduced economic and political reforms. Under __________, Athens experienced a Golden Age in which the City-state became a direct democracy, education & the arts flourished, and the __________ was built (a temple to the Goddess Athena) III. Greek Wars A)Persian War In 499 B.C., Athens gave aid to the Ionian Greeks who revolted against Persian rule, marking the beginning of the Persian Wars 1. __________ the Persian Fleet was destroyed by the Greek navy. 2. __________ Athens pushed back a Persian invasion into the Greek mainland 3. __________ Marked the end of the Persian Wars in 479 BC B) The Peloponnesian War 1. Athens Began a Golden Age and created the __________ League uniting all the Greek city-states except Sparta Athens became the center of Greek commerce, wealth, & power 2. Sparta Grew jealous of Athenian power and began a war with Athens in 431 BC The war ended in 404 BC with Sparta as the __________ C) Results of the War Greece went through a __________ No city-state could re-unite Greece Greece was conquered by the _______________ (Phillip II)