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HO3 CH. 20/21 EXAM: PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
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Shoots consist of stems and leaves.
The outer protective layer of tissue on a vascular plant is known as the meristem.
The loss of water by transpiration at the leaves helps pull water into the plant at the roots.
The rate of water absorption in roots is influenced by the amount of water lost through transpiration.
Stomata are important regulators in photosynthesis.
In a plant, sugar moves from where it is made to where it is needed, through the lenticels.
The movement of sugar in a plant is called transpiration.
The transport of organic molecules from a leaf to the rest of the plant is called translocation.
Pollination results from the fusion of male and female gametes.
Seeds are a mechanism of survival for plants.
In flowering plants, the embryos of monocots have two cotyledons.
Pollen is produced in the tip of the stamen, an area called the sepal.
The purpose of petals is to attract pollinators such as birds and insects.
The lower portion of the pistil produces pollen.
Incomplete flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil.
The fusion of a sperm with two nuclei in the ovule produces the endosperm of a seed.
Double fertilization has great survival value because each new generation carries its own initial source of nutrition.
All plants can only reproduce by sexual reproduction.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
The diagram below shows the stem of a coleus plant.
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19. Refer to the illustration above. The tissue labeled A in the diagram is called
a. meristem.
c. phloem.
b. xylem.
d. ground tissue.
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20. Refer to the illustration above. In the diagram, the tissue labeled B, which conducts water and is made of elongated cells
that connect end to end, is called
a. meristem.
c. phloem.
b. xylem.
d. ground tissue.
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21. Refer to the illustration above. In the diagram, the tissue labeled C, which transports sugars from regions where they are
made, to regions where they are used, is called
a. meristem.
c. phloem.
b. xylem.
d. ground tissue.
The diagram below shows a leaf cross section.
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22. Refer to the illustration above. The vein illustrated is made up of
a. only xylem vessels.
c. both xylem and phloem vessels.
b. only phloem vessels.
d. neither xylem nor phloem vessels.
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23. Refer to the illustration above. Structure A
a. is the cuticle.
b. protects the leaf.
c.
d.
covers the epidermis.
All of the above
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
24. In leaves, the expansion and contraction of the guard cells regulate the opening and closing of the
____________________.
25. The surface of a vascular plant is covered by a waxy, waterproof layer called a(n) ____________________.
26. One of the first environmental challenges that early land plants had to overcome was finding a way to conserve
____________________.
27. Nonvascular plants transport materials within their bodies through the process of ____________________.
28. Vascular tissues are specialized cells that move ____________________, nutrients, and other materials through the
plant body.
29. True roots, stems, and leaves are associated with ____________________ plants.
30. The ____________________ ____________________ is the protective cover that surrounds a seed.
31. In order for seeds to sprout, environmental conditions must be ____________________.
32. A flower is a(n) ____________________ structure that produces pollen and seeds.
33. Appendages on seeds are an important adaptation that aid in ____________________.
34. Because flowering plants are rooted in the ground and cannot move from place to place, they must disperse their
____________________ so that their offspring can grow in new environments.
35. A(n) ____________________ is a specialized structure that develops from an ovule and serves to protect a plant
embryo from harsh conditions.
36. The tissues that transport water and minerals within a plant make up the ____________________ system.
37. ____________________ are zones of actively dividing plant cells that produce plant growth.
38. Angiosperms are ultimately the source of much of our ____________________.
39. Many fruits are spread by ____________________ that are attracted to sweet, fleshy fruits, which they use for food.
40. Gymnosperms are pollinated through ____________________, which makes sexual reproduction possible even during
dry conditions.
41. ____________________ are seed plants whose seeds do not develop within a sealed container
(fruit).
42. A plant that has flower parts that occur in fours or fives or multiples of four or five is a(n) ____________________.
43. A fern is an example of a(n) ____________________ vascular plant.
44. Fruit is a characteristic associated only with ____________________.
45. The structure labeled X in the diagram above is called the ____________________.
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The structure labeled c in the diagram above is called the ____________________.
The structure labeled f in the diagram above is called the ____________________.
The structure labeled b in the diagram above is called the ____________________.
The flower in the diagram above is an example of a(n) ____________________ flower.
Flowers are a source of ____________________ for pollinators.
The transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma is known as ____________________.
In angiosperms, seeds develop from the ____________________ after an egg has been fertilized.
The seeds of angiosperms are enclosed in ____________________.
The event in which one sperm fertilizes an egg and a second sperm fuses with two nuclei is called
____________________ ____________________.
Many of the structures by which plants reproduce vegetatively are modified ____________________.
____________________ tissue forms the protective outer layer of a plant.
Dermal tissue also functions in ____________________ ____________________ as well as in the absorption of
mineral nutrients.
The ____________________ of plants absorb water and minerals necessary for growth.
As water evaporates from the surface of leaves, more water is ____________________ up the plant.
When the guard cells that surround a stoma fill with water, the stoma ____________________.
Changes in ____________________ ____________________ within the guard cells cause stoma to open and close.
The loss of water in guard cells causes stomata to ____________________.
The transport of organic molecules from the leaf to the rest of the plant is called ____________________.
Seeds typically enter a period of dormancy before they ____________________.
A(n) ____________________ is a chemical produced in one part of an organism and transported to another part of the
organism, where it causes a response.
____________________ is a hormone that stimulates fruits to ripen.
A plant hormone that causes elongation of plant cells by enabling them to stretch during cell growth is named
____________________.
A growth response in plants in which the direction of growth is determined by the direction from which a stimulus
comes is called a(n) ____________________.
Essay
69. Describe the function of the seed coat.
70. Ouline the processes of pollination and fertilization in gymnosperms.
71. List and describe the location of the parts of a complete flower.
HO3 CH. 20/21 EXAM:
PLANT STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION
Answer Section
TRUE/FALSE
1. T
16. T
51. pollination
33. dispersal
17. T
52. ovules
34. seeds
18. F
53. fruits
35. seed
MULTIPLE CHOICE
19. D
2. F
20. B
3. T
21. C
4. T
54. double fertilization
36. vascular
37. Meristems
38. food
22. C
7. F
8. T
9. F
10. T
11. F
12. F
13. T
56. Dermal
57. gas exchange
39. animals
5. F
6. F
55. stems
58. roots
40. wind
23. D
59. pulled
41. Gymnosperms
COMPLETION
60. opens
42. dicot
24. stomata
61. water pressure
43. seedless
25. cuticle
62. close
44. angiosperms
26. water
63. translocation
45. cotyledon
27. diffusion
64. germinate
46. stigma
28. water
65. hormone
47. anther
29. vascular
30. seed coat
14. F
31. favorable
15. F
32. reproductive
66. Ethylene
48. sepal
49. complete
67. auxin
68. tropism
50. food
ESSAY
69. The outside of the seed is covered by a protective seed coat. The seed coat prevents the embryo from drying out and
protects the embryo from mechanical injury and disease.
70. Pollen produced by pollen cones are carried by the wind to female cones that have opened, exposing the ovules. After
pollen grains land near ovules, slender pollen tubes grow out of the pollen grains and into the ovules. Sperm move
through the pollen tubes and enter the ovules. Once inside the ovules, fertilization occurs when sperm fuse with eggs,
forming zygotes.
71. A complete flower is one that contains all four floral parts. The outermost whorl of the flower is made up of sepals.
Proceeding toward the interior, the second whorl is made up of petals. The third whorl is made up of stamens. At the
center of the flower is the pistil. Dependent upon the species, a flower may possess more than one pistil.