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Download Fall Final Study Guide Define a scalar quantity. A bicycle rider
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Fall Final Study Guide 1. Define a scalar quantity. 2. A bicycle rider travels 15 km in 1.25 hours. What is the rider's average speed? 12 km/h 3. The slope of the line tangent to the curve on a position-time graph at a specific time is the __________. instantaneous velocity 4. In order to convert a quantity expressed in one unit into the same quantity in a different unit, use a(n) __________. Conversion factor 5. An object that is thrown down towards the ground has an initial velocity ______. greater than 0 m/s 6. Your textbook is in equilibrium. What can you say about the forces acting on it? The net force is zero The acceleration is zero. 7. Newton's third law of motion states that __________. all forces come in pairs 8. What is the weight of a 225 kg space probe on the moon? The acceleration of gravity on the moon is 1.62 m/s2. 364 N 9. The force exerted on one surface by another when there is no motion between the surfaces. static friction 10. What is the y-component of a 95.3 N force that is exerted at 57.1o to the horizontal? 80.0 N 11. The perpendicular contact force exerted by a surface on another object. normal force 12. The tendency of an object to resist change is _______. inertia 13. Normal force is a ______. contact force 14. “k” is the symbol for which prefix? kilo 15. 1 millimeter is equal to how many meters? 10-3 m. 16. 86.2 cm is equal to how many kilometers? 8.62x10-4 km 17. Tim has a problem to do involving time, distance, and velocity, but he has forgotten the formula. The question asks him for a measurement in seconds, and the numbers that are given have units of m/s and km. What could Tim do to get the answer in seconds? Divide the km by the m/s, then multiply by 1000. 18. The position-time graph below is describing what kind of velocity? constant velocity 19. An object experiences an acceleration when ______________. it changes direction and/or when it changes speed only 20. What are the dimensions of acceleration (not the units of acceleration) L/T2 21. A car travels in the negative x-direction and has a negative acceleration. The car is ________. speeding up 22. An object in free fall has what characteristics? has constant acceleration 23. An object is thrown into the air and then caught at the same height upon landing. The object: has an initial velocity equal to the final velocity and has a net displacement of zero. 24. The motion diagram below is describing _________________? Constant acceleration 25. A 1.60 m tall girl throws a football at an angle of 41o from the horizontal and at an initial velocity of 9.40 m/s. How far away from the girl will it land? 10.5 m 26. A dragonfly is sitting on a merry-go-round 2.8 m from the center. If the tangential velocity of the ride is 0.89 m/s, what is the centripetal acceleration of the dragonfly? 0.28 m/s2 27. A 1000 kg car enters an 80.0 m radius curve at 20.0 m/s. What centripetal force must be supplied by friction so the car does not skid? 5.0x103 N 28. Two satellites are in orbit around a planet. One satellite has an orbit radius of 8.0x106 m. The period of rotation for this satellite is 1.0x106 s. The other satellite has an orbit of 2.0x107 m. What is this satellite’s period of rotation? 4.0x106 s 29. A moon revolves around a planet with a speed of 9.0x103 m/s. The distance from the moon to the center of the planet is 5.4x106m. What is the orbital period of the moon? 1.2π x 103 s 30. The acceleration of an object in uniform circular motion is called __________. centripetal acceleration 31. You accidentally throw your car keys horizontally at 5.0 m/s from a cliff 45 m high. How far from the base of the cliff should you look for your keys? 15 m 32. Two balls have their centers 3.0 m apart. One ball has a mass of 2.7 kg. The other has a mass of 4.5 kg. What is the gravitational force between them? Assume G = 6.67×10-11 N·m2/kg2. 9.0x10-11 N 33. A satellite orbits Earth 5.00×102 km above its surface. What is its period? 1.58 h 34. According to Kepler's laws, what happens to planets’ velocities when they move further away from the sun? Planets move faster when they are closer to the Sun and slower when they are farther away 35. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation in the case of a planet near the Sun, which of the following would cause the attractive force to be quadrupled? quadruple the mass of the planet 36. A 930-kg car traveling 56 km/h comes to a complete stop in 2.0 s. What is the force exerted on the car during this stop? -7.2x103 N 37. Convert 1.45 km to meters. 1.45x103 m 38. __________ describes the degree of exactness in a measurement. Precision 39. In the particle model, the __________ of the object are (is) ignored. internal motions 40. __________ defines the distance and direction between two positions. Displacement 41. Convert 57.7 kg to grams. 57,700 g 42. Express the quantity 0.00000095 kg in scientific notation. 9.5x10-7 43. What value is calculated by dividing rise by run? slope of a line 44. In order to use the particle model, the __________ must be __________ moved. size of the object, much less than the distance 45. To subtract two vectors, __________. reverse the direction of the second vector and then add them 46. The vector that represents the sum of two vectors is called the __________. resultant 47. You drive a car for 2.0 h at 60 km/h, then for another 3.0 h at 85 km/h. What is your average velocity? 75 km/h 48. If a runner maintains a constant speed of 12.0 km/h, how long will it take him to complete a marathon race of 26.2 miles? 3.52 h 49. What information can you obtain from a velocity time graph? (acceleration, velocity at a given moment in time, displacement) 50. How are velocity and acceleration related? (Acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the time interval in which the change occurs; acceleration is the rate of change of velocity) 51. A ball falling freely to the ground has the following forces acting on it: gravity, normal, drag force 52. 3.4897 rounded to three significant figures is ________. 3.49 53. If 0.20 bushel is 1 dozen apples and a dozen apples has a mass of 2.0 kg., what is the mass of 0.50 bushel of apples? 5.0 kg 54. The prefix centi- means_______. times smaller than the unit it precedes. 55. Can the velocity of an object change when its acceleration is constant? (Yes, think of any free falling object. It acceleration is 9.8 m/s2, but its velocity is constantly changing) 56. If an object’s velocity-time graph is a straight line parallel to the x-axis (the “time” axis), what can you conclude about the object’s acceleration? (The object’s acceleration is zero) 57. A car moving north at 8.0×101 turns and travels south at 65 km/h. What are the magnitude and direction of the change in velocity? (145 km/h, N to S) 58. How far does a car travel in 30.0 s while its velocity is changing from 50.0 km/h to 80.0 km/h at a uniform rate of acceleration? (5.4x102 m) 59. A car with a velocity of 30 m/s is accelerated uniformly at the rate of 2.0 m/s2 for 10 s. What is its final velocity? (50 m/s) 60. A car is accelerated uniformly at the rate of 0.50 m/s2 for 1.0×1 s. Its final velocity is 23 m/s. What is the initial velocity? (18 m/s) 61. A 75-kg swimmer steps off a 10.0-m tower. What is the swimmer's velocity on hitting the water? (-14.0 m/s) 62. If the net force on an object is zero, the object is ___________. in equilibrium 63. Is mass a force? not a force 64. The force exerted by a fluid on the object moving through a fluid is ______. drag force 65. On Earth, a scale shows that you weigh 490 N. What is your mass? 50 kg 66. A 45 N force is exerted in the upward direction on a 2.0 kg briefcase. What is the acceleration of the briefcase? 22.5 m/s2 67. A bike rider approaches a hill at a speed of 3.5 m/s. The mass of the bike and rider together is 77 kg. The rider coasts up the hill. Assuming that there is no friction, at what height will the bike come to rest? 0.62 m 68. A ball falls freely from rest for 15.0 s. Calculate the ball's velocity after 15.0 s. (-147 m/s) 69. Can an object change its acceleration without an outside force acting upon it? (No) 70. True or false? An object at rest has no forces acting upon it. Explain. (False) 71. The vector sum of two or more forces on an object is called the __________ force. (net) 72. __________ describes how well the results of an experiment agree with the standard value. Accuracy 73. The point at which a line crosses the y-axis is the __________. y-intercept 74. The standard SI unit of mass is the __________. kilogram 75. In a tug-of-war, 13 children, with an average mass of 30 kg each, pull westward on a rope with an average force of 150 N per child. 5 Parents, with an average mass of 60 kg each, pull eastward on the other end of the rope with an average force of 475 N per adult. Assuming that the whole mass accelerates together as a single entity, what is the acceleration of the system? (0.62 m/s2 E) 76. A race car has a mass of 710 kg. It starts from rest and travels 40.0 m in 3.0 s. The car is uniformly accelerated during the entire time. What net force is exerted on it? (6.3x103 N) 77. Poloma hands a 13 kg box to 61 kg Stephanie, who stands on a platform. What is the normal force exerted by the platform on Stephanie? (7.3x102 N) 78. A 45 kg child sits on a 3.2 kg tire swing. What is the tension in the rope that hangs from a tree branch? (4.7x102N) 79. You walk 30 m south and then 30 m east. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant displacement both graphically and algebraically. (4x101 m 45o east of south) 80. A car moves 65 km due east, then 45 km due west. What is its total displacement? (2.0x101 km east) 81. A sled of mass 40.0 kg is pulled along flat, snow-covered ground. The static friction coefficient is 0.28, and the kinetic friction coefficient is 0.08. What force will be needed to start the sled moving? (110 N) 82. If you use a horizontal force of 30.0 N to slide a 12.0 kg wooden crate across a floor at constant velocity, what is the coefficient of friction between the crate and the floor? (0.255) 83. A force of 40.0 N accelerates a 5.0 kg block 6.0 m/s2 along a horizontal surface. (a) How large is the frictional force? (b) What is the coefficient of kinetic friction? (1.0x101 N; 0.20) 84. A crate weighing 562 N is resting on a plane inclined 30.0o above the horizontal. Find the component of the weight forces that are parallel and perpendicular to the plane. (parallel = 281 N; perpendicular = 487 N) 85. A 62 kg person on skis is going down a hill sloped at 37o. The coefficient of kinetic friction between skis and the snow is 0.15. How fast is the skier going 5.0 s after starting from rest? (23.6 m/s) 86. In Newton's equation, F = Gm1m2/r2, r is __________. the distance between the centers of the masses 87. The relationship between the linear and angular velocities is given by: vt = rω2 88. The product of the force and the position vector is called __________. torque 89. A child attempts to use a wrench to remove a nut on a bicycle. Removing the nut requires a torque of 10 N m. The minimum force the child is capable of exerting at a 90o angle is 50 N. What is the length of the wrench the child must use to remove the nut? 0.2 m 90. A ball is launched at 4.5 m/s at 66o above the horizontal. What are the maximum height and flight time of the ball? (0.86 m; 0.84 s)