Download PC 11 - Intro to Psychology HW # 4 (Chapters 15,16) Prof

PC 11 - Intro to Psychology
HW # 4 (Chapters 15,16)
Prof. Benhar
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question and fill it in on the scantron.
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1. While it is common for students of psychology to think they have a disease after reading about various
psychological disorders, a diagnosis of a psychological disorder should be
a. made in every case of someone who has a problem.
b. reserved for people with problems that seriously interfere with their lives.
c. limited to people with a known biological abnormality.
d. given only to people who violate social norms.
2. Someone who alternates among several distinct personalities, each having different abilities, different
memories, and perhaps even different names, is suffering from
a. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b. schizophrenia.
c. manic-depressive disorder.
d. dissociative identity disorder.
3. Dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) was extremely rare before the
1950s, but by the 1990s, some therapists were reporting many cases of this disorder. What is the most likely
reason for the increase in this disorder?
a. Some therapists began looking for this disorder and unintentionally created additional
personalities through suggestive techniques.
b. The disorder is caused by environmental toxins that were heavily used during the 1970s
and 1980s.
c. The disorder is caused by the Southeast Asian Flu, and there was a mild epidemic in the
U.S. during the 1970s and 1980s.
d. A wide-spread genetic mutation seemed to occur in the 1960s, resulting in more people
being born with the disorder.
4. In a biopsychosocial model, the psychological roots of abnormal behavior include
a. deficiencies in neurotransmitters.
b. genetic factors.
c. the social and cultural context in which a behavior occurs.
d. an individual's vulnerability to stress.
5. DSM-IV classifies psychological disorders along five axes. Axis I lists
a. medical disorders.
b. a person's level of stress during the previous year.
c. clinical disorders.
d. personality disorders.
6. Which of the following statements regarding attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is TRUE?
a. It appears to be caused by one specific gene that was just identified in 2003.
b. It is diagnosed more frequently in boys than in girls.
c. It is currently diagnosed in 20% of elementary school children.
d. No environmental causes have been identified.
7. A personality disorder, such as antisocial personality, tends to have what time course?
a. It develops suddenly at some point in adult life and goes away gradually.
b. It has a sudden onset and an equally sudden offset.
c. It generally lasts a lifetime.
d. It develops in early childhood but it ends abruptly during adolescence.
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8. A patient says "I have no energy and feel pessimistic. I have trouble sleeping and I don't have a good appetite.
Nothing brings me pleasure anymore." Successful treatment of this person should start with
a. a differential diagnosis.
b. drug treatment.
c. psychoanalysis.
d. the Rorschach Inkblot test.
9. The psychological disorders that are diagnosed most frequently in the United States are
a. alcohol or drug abuse, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders.
b. depression, schizophrenia, and dissociative identity.
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance abuse, and schizophrenia.
d. anxiety disorders, sexual disorders, and eating disorders.
10. One reason why psychologist and psychiatrists have started labeling more and more behavior problems as
"mental illnesses" is that
a. Freudian theory has become more and more dominant.
b. even mild behavior problems are associated with serious brain abnormalities.
c. unless treated quickly, mild disorders develop into more serious ones.
d. insurance companies will pay more if a person has a mental illness.
11. Freud's method of psychotherapy is called
a. rational-emotive therapy.
b. eclectic therapy.
c. cognitive therapy.
d. psychoanalysis.
12. When a psychoanalyst asks someone to free associate, what should the person do?
a. Talk freely to a group of strangers.
b. Sit quietly and let the mind go blank.
c. Try to remember everything that has happened that day.
d. Say everything that comes to mind.
13. Which type of therapy focuses more on changing what people do than what they think?
a. behavior therapy
b. rational-emotive therapy
c. cognitive therapy
d. psychoanalysis
14. The most effective treatment for bed-wetting is
a. to provide the child with unconditional positive regard.
b. aversion therapy.
c. based on classical conditioning.
d. to probe the unconscious mind for unresolved conflicts.
15. Cognitive therapists concentrate on changing people's
a. free association.
b. body language.
c. behaviors.
d. thoughts.
16. You tell your therapist, "I am a failure." A cognitive therapist is likely to reply,
a. "Why do you think so? Let's collect evidence to find out whether you are a failure."
b. "Yes, you certainly are. What are you going to do about it?"
c. "Let's make sure you learn some new skills so you will stop being a failure."
d. "I don't think you are a failure. In my eyes, you are a success."
17. Rational-emotive therapy is based on the assumption that
a. the removal of the stimulus for one emotion gives rise to the opposite emotion.
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b. people can solve their own problems if they are treated with unconditional positive regard.
c. people's emotions are based on their thoughts and interpretations of events.
d. a stimulus leads directly to autonomic changes in the body that we later experience as
emotions.
The main goal of humanistic or client (person) -centered therapy is
a. to establish realistic goals and expectations.
b. to change behavior.
c. to bring unconscious thoughts into consciousness.
d. to enable the client to make personal decisions and to promote self acceptance.
Which of the following types of therapist generally does the least talking and offers the least advice?
a. rational-emotive therapist
b. client-centered therapist
c. behavior therapist
d. psychoanalyst
A family therapist focuses most on
a. changing an individual's behaviors.
b. improving family relationships.
c. changing an individual's beliefs.
d. changing marital relationships.
An eclectic therapist makes use of
a. drugs, ECT, and other medical treatments.
b. self-help groups.
c. a variety of methods and theories.
d. the lecture method.
Meta-analysis is
a. a form of therapy that uses several treatment techniques.
b. a statistical technique used to examine the combined results of several studies.
c. an intense form of psychotherapy.
d. a complex theory of psychological change.
In what way is panic disorder sometimes self-perpetuating?
a. Panic attacks damage the heart, which increases the probability of another panic attack.
b. People who suffer panic attacks are often mistaken for epileptics and given anti-epileptic
drugs that increase overall arousal.
c. People who suffer panic attacks are often given tranquilizers that backfire and cause more
panic attacks.
d. Worry leads to hyperventilation, which increases the probability of a panic attack.
Agoraphobia is a fear of
a. closed places.
b. open or public places.
c. heights.
d. animals.
It is hard to get rid of superstitions, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors because they are similar to
which kind of learning?
a. avoidance learning
b. conditioned taste aversions
c. fixed-interval operant conditioning
d. short-term memory
Comparing phobias and panic disorder one finds that
a. phobic reactions are mild, whereas panic attacks are intense.
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b. panic attacks are mild, whereas phobic reactions are intense.
c. phobic reactions involve hyperventilation, whereas panic attacks do not.
d. panic attacks occur at rather unpredictable times, whereas phobic reactions are aroused by
some specific object or event.
How can a monkey develop a fear of snakes?
a. A monkey is born with a fear of snakes.
b. A monkey that sees another monkey show fear of snakes develops a fear of snakes.
c. A monkey that learns a fear of anything else immediately generalizes that fear to include
snakes.
d. A monkey develops a fear of snakes only after it has been bitten by a snake.
A monkey watches a videotape of another monkey running away from a snake at one point in the film and
running away from a flower at another point in the film. What fear(s), if any, will the observer monkey
develop?
a. a fear of the snake, but not the flower
b. a fear of the flower, but not the snake
c. a fear of both the snake and the flower
d. The observer will not develop a fear of either the snake or the flower, since it had no direct
experience with either object.
If a therapist wanted to use systematic desensitization to help a client overcome a snake phobia, the first thing
the therapist would probably do is
a. expose the client to a live snake.
b. teach the client relaxation techniques.
c. administer tranquillizing drugs.
d. probe the person's unconscious to find deep-seated conflicts that may be causing the
phobia.
The most effective treatment for phobias is
a. systematic desensitization.
b. stimulant drugs.
c. electroshock therapy.
d. psychoanalysis.
Suppose you try as hard as possible to avoid thinking about polar bears. You are likely to have a mild,
temporary experience that resembles
a. dissociative identity disorder.
b. phobia.
c. bipolar disorder.
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Some obsessive-compulsive people engage in long checking rituals but derive little satisfaction from them
because
a. they alternate among several personalities, and each of the personalities must complete the
ritual.
b. the ritual is automatic and the person has no ability to inhibit it or to control it in any way.
c. the ritual is rapidly extinguished and then reacquired.
d. they distrust their memory of whether they have completed the ritual.
The term "schizophrenia"
a. means split personality, another name for multiple personality.
b. is Latin for premature senility.
c. comes from the Greek terms meaning disordered thought.
d. refers to a split between emotional and intellectual parts of personality.
To be diagnosed as schizophrenic, a person must exhibit at most times
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a. unprovoked outbursts of violent behavior.
b. periods of depression alternating with periods of mania.
c. multiple personalities.
d. a deterioration of daily activities.
Positive symptoms in schizophrenia refer to behaviors that ______, while negative symptoms refer to
behaviors that ______.
a. are socially accepted . . . are socially unacceptable
b. are helpful . . . are harmful
c. lead to recovery . . . lead to a worsening of the condition
d. are present . . . are absent
Which of the following is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
a. inability to take care of oneself
b. lack of emotional expression
c. hallucinations
d. deficit of speech
Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
a. hallucinations
b. delusions
c. lack of emotional expression
d. loose and idiosyncratic associations
Sensory experiences that do not correspond to anything in the outside world are called
a. obsessions.
b. delusions.
c. compulsions.
d. hallucinations.
The most common hallucinations experienced by schizophrenics are those in which the person
a. hears sounds or voices.
b. sees colors or objects.
c. feels things on the skin.
d. has an "out-of-body" experience.
Unfounded beliefs are ________; sensory experiences that do not correspond with external reality are
________.
a. obsessions . . . compulsions
b. compulsions . . . obsessions
c. hallucinations . . . delusions
d. delusions . . . hallucinations
A person who believes that she has been selected to receive messages from outer space that will ultimately
save the world has
a. delusions of persecution.
b. catatonic schizophrenia.
c. manic-depressive disorder.
d. delusions of grandeur.
Someone who interprets common proverbs in strictly literal terms might be suspected of suffering from which
psychological disorder?
a. depression
b. phobia
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder
d. schizophrenia
Which type of schizophrenic person has movement disorders, including periods of total inactivity?
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a. catatonic
b. disorganized
c. undifferentiated
d. paranoid
Which type of schizophrenic person is most characterized by silly or odd behavior?
a. undifferentiated
b. paranoid
c. disorganized
d. catatonic
You have an identical twin who has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia. According to the data, what
is your risk for also developing schizophrenia?
a. about 5%
b. about 25%
c. about 50%
d. about 85%
Antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine
a. increase the neurotransmitter, tardive dyskinesia, in the brain.
b. cure schizophrenia if used over a period of months.
c. block dopamine synapses in the brain.
d. increase activity at dopamine and norepinephrine synapses.
Someone with schizophrenia is told to take a neuroleptic drug. For how long will the psychiatrist probably
recommend that the person continue to take the drug?
a. only until the person has achieved a breakthrough in psychotherapy
b. indefinitely; if the person stops taking the drugs, the symptoms may return
c. for no longer than 1 week
d. until the person starts to experience some relief from the symptoms, and no longer
Tardive dyskinesia is a common side effect for people who have taken _______ for years.
a. antidepressant drugs
b. electroconvulsive therapy
c. lithium therapy
d. antipsychotic drugs
Antipsychotic drugs sometimes produce tardive dyskinesia. This is probably because the drugs have
a. caused damage to the axons in the spinal cord.
b. altered the flow of blood to different parts of the brain.
c. altered the way the body metabolizes glucose.
d. affected dopamine receptors for years.
Unlike traditional antipsychotic drugs, the newer atypical antipsychotic drugs
a. only need to be taken for two weeks to produce lasting symptom relief.
b. work on a smaller number of targeted dopamine synapses and also on serotonin synapses.
c. work to reduce the size of the enlarged neurons that cause schizophrenia.
d. work by reducing the enlarged ventricles causing the symptoms of schizophrenia.