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China Geography • About the size of the US • Has natural barriers for protection – Gobi Desert – Pacific Ocean – Himalayas • Climate-monsoons-cause a lot of flooding • 2 major rivers: Huang He and Chang Jiang – Leave behind silt for farming Qin Dynasty • Ying Zheng unified China creating an empire • Renamed himself Shi Huangdi (first emperor) • Not a nice man • Burned books that disagreed with him • Expanded empire taking down walls of each city to create one large city Qin Achievements • • • • • • Uniform laws Standard money system and measurement Language-made everyone speak the same Built large roads to connect cities Improved the irrigation system Built the Great Wall connecting all cities Terracotta Soldiers • Emperor Shi Huang built them to protect him in his next life • Each one was different and built to human size • 8,000 were built along with horses and chariots • Discovered by farmers digging a well Han Dynasty • Liu Bang, a commoner, became emperor and started Han Dynasty because of the Mandate of Heaven – Mandate of Heaven-Heaven gives the leader the right to rule – When the ruler isn’t doing well, Heaven takes away his right to rule • Well liked- lower taxes and gave out land Han Dynasty • Emperor Wudi took over • Make a strong government, raised taxes • Made Confucianism China’s gov’t philosophy – Confucianism-basic guidelines or moral values to live by Social Class • 4 social classes – Top: emperor and his court – Second: Peasants (largest class) – Third: Artisans (produced items for daily life) – Bottom: Merchants (didn’t produce anything) – Military didn’t have a class, was like part of the government Family Life • 90% of people were peasants • Lived simple lives in small villages • Confucian teachings about family were honored – Children were taught to respect their elders – Disobeying was a crime • Father was the head of the family, wife and children must obey him • Expected to honor dead family members with ceremonial offerings and keeping up burial sites • Han officials thought if people obeyed their elders they would also obey the emperor • Boys were valued more than girls since the boys carried on the blood line and took care of parents when they get old Han Achievements • • • • • Known for Poetry Created paper that we use today Sundial- uses shadows of the sun to tell time Seismograph- measures strength of Earthquakes Acupuncture- inserting needles at specific points to cure disease or pain • Iron- used to make a plow and wheelbarrow • Silk-soft, light, highly valued fabric