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Chapter 7 / Section 4 “The Han Dynasty” Pg. 200 - 205 Vocabulary sundial (204) seismograph (204) acupuncture (205) Han Dynasty Government The Rise of a New Dynasty (200) Wudi Creates a New Government (201) -Han Dynasty lasted for 400 years -control was won by a peasant named Liu Bang -first common person to become emperor…people believed he had the mandate of heaven -earned loyalty & trust…liked by soldiers & peasants -wanted to free people from harsh government policies, lower taxes, & make punishments less severe -gave large blocks of land to his supporters -set up a government structure -relied on educated officials to help him rule -140 BC Emperor Wudi took throne -took land from the lords, raised taxes, and placed the supply of grain under the control of the government -Confucianism became China’s official government philosophy -began a university to teach Confucianism -if a person passed an exam on Confucian teachings, he could get a good position in the government Family Life Social Classes (202) -Four Classes: 1. Upper Class – emperor, his court, & scholars who held government positions 2. Second Class – largest, made up of peasants 3. Artisans – produced items for daily life and some luxury goods 4. Merchants – lowest class because they did not produce anything -the military was not an official class, but joining the army offered men a chance to rise in social status because the military was considered part of the government Lives of Rich and Poor (202) The Revival of the Family (203) -social rank did not indicate wealth or power…peasants were in the 2nd highest class, but were poor…some merchants were wealthy & powerful even though they were in the lowest class -emperor and court lived in large palace -wealthy families *had large estates *employed laborers *expensive decorations *hired musicians *decorated tombs of the dead with expensive objects -60 million people lived in China…90% were peasants…..that’s _________________ people! -peasants lived in the countryside *worked in millet fields or rice patties *worked on gov’t building projects in winter *paid heavy taxes *wore plain clothing made of fiber from plants *cooked grains (barley) *lived in small villages *wood-framed houses made of mud or stamped earth -children were taught to respect elders -disobeying parent was a crime -father had absolute power…women had to obey their husband…children had to obey their father -obeyed your father = obey the emperor -men gained government jobs based on the respect they showed their parents -children served their parents…expected to honor dead parents with ceremonies and offerings -boys were valued more than girls…carried on family line & took care of parents when they were old -Chinese proverb “Raising daughters is like raising children for another family” Han Achievements Art and Literature -figure painting: people, religious figures, everyday life…covered walls of palaces & tombs (204) Inventions and Advances (204) -poetry: Fu style (long) &b Shi style (short to be sung) -Sima Qian wrote a complete history of all the dynasties through the early Han -paper -sundial -seismograph -acupuncture