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Chapter 4: Ancient China Lesson 1: The Geography of China The North China Plain is very populated o It is the center of agriculture and industry o A lot of China’s food comes from this area o A lot of people live here because of the food and jobs In China summers are hot and the land is enriched with loess, a yellowish-brown soil. Huang River—flows through the North China Plain o The river picks up a large amount of yellow silt, which is why it has a yellow color and why it is often called the Huang or “yellow” river o Levees or dikes keep the river within its banks o The river has been called China’s sorrow because flooding has ruined crops and homes Tibetan Plateau—very rocky and lots of mountains Lesson 2: China’s Past According to legend Pangu was the creator of the universe. Shang Dynasty was the first dynasty Zhou was the longest dynasty o Silk was important product during this dynasty Qin Dynasty was ruled by Shi Huangdi – first emperor o He built the Great Wall to protect them from northern invaders o Nobody liked him and after he died the empire fell apart Han Dynasty o Han Gaozu “High Ancestor” took the throne after Shi Haungdi o Wu Di was the next emperor and he made many improvements including new roads to improve transportation – he also started the civil service where people needed to be qualified or skilled in their job to work for the government o Sima Qian wrote the first complete history book on China o The Chinese found new ways of transporting and trading goods o New inventions of this time were porcelain, paper, and ink Lesson 3: Legacy of Thought Confucius or Master Kung was a teacher of morals o The Analects – a collection of his sayings written down by his students o His main lesson was respect for all people o Started the religion of Confucianism which had three virtues A sense of humanity Respect for family Humility or modesty Mandate of Heaven—the right to govern or rule for the good of all people Daoism—another religion that believed that people should live in harmony with nature, not a part from it