Download Lesson 1: What is Motion

Name: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________________________________________ #:________
Science Notes: Living Organisms PART 1
***Lesson 1: How are plants and animals classified?
VOCABULARY
classify- to arrange or sort objects or living things according to their properties or characteristics
genus- a group of closely related living things
species- a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can also produce
offspring
vertebrates- animals that have backbones
invertebrates- animals without backbone
NOTES
 Scientists classify all living things such as plants and animals into different groups.
 When classifying organisms, scientists do the following:
o They look closely at its appearance.
o They think about where it lives.
o They think about how it gets its food.
 All organisms in the same group have some common characteristics.
 The smallest two groups are genus and species.
o Examples:
 Black-footed cats and house cats are classified in the same genus because
they share similar characteristics such as sharp claws and hunting
behaviors.
 All house cats are classified in the same species.
 When classifying plants, scientists do the following:
o They look at how plants transport nutrients.
o They look at how plants reproduce.
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***Lesson 2: How do plants reproduce?
VOCABULARY
sepals- leaflike parts that cover and protect the flower bud
pistil- a female structure in plants that produces egg cells
stamen- the male structure in plants that makes pollen
pollination- the movement of pollen from stamen to pistol
Name: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________________________________________ #:________
Science Notes: Living Organisms PART 1
fertilization- the process in which a sperm cell and an egg cell combine
germinate- to start to grow
NOTES
 An important function of plants is to reproduce, or make more of the same kind of
plant.
Parts of a Flower
 Most flowers have 4 main parts, which are different shapes and sizes on different flowers.
o Petals can be easily seen.
 They are often colorful.
 They protect the parts of the flower that make seeds.
 They attract bees, butterflies, birds, and other living things.
o Sepals are the wide green leaves below the petals.
 They cover and protect the flower bud before the flower opens.
o Pistils are the female part of the flower.
 It contains the ovary, where egg cells are produced.
o Stamens are the male part of the flower.
 It surrounds the pistil and produces pollen, which contains sperm cells.
Fertilization occurs when sperm cells in pollen combine with egg cells to make seeds.
Where do seeds come from?
Seeds come from fertilization when the sperm cells and egg cells combine.
Describe how the pistil, ovary, and egg cells in a flower relate.
The pistil contains ovaries. Ovaries produce egg cells. The ovary is at the base of the pistil. The
ovary contains egg cells.
Pollen on the Move
 Flowers make a sweet liquid called nectar.
 Scent and color guide animals (bats, bees, butterflies, birds) to the flower.
 As an animal feeds, pollen from the stamen rubs off onto its body.
 The pollen may then rub off onto the pistil of the next flower the animal visits.
 The movement of pollen from stamen to pistil is called pollination.
 Most trees and grasses rely on wind for pollination.
o These plants do not attract animals.
o The wind will carry a few pollen grains to the pistil of another plant.
Why do some animals play an important role in plant reproduction?
Some animals move from one plant to the pistil of another plant. Animals can help with the
pollination process.
Name: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________________________________________ #:________
Science Notes: Living Organisms PART 1
 A flower changes after fertilization.
o The petals and stamens dry up and fall off.
o The fertilized egg inside the ovary develops into a seed.
o The ovary grows into a fruit, which protects the seed or seeds.
o The seeds are ready to grow into new plants when the fruit is ripe.
Which red-delicious apple has seeds that are ready to grow into plants- one that is green or one
that is bright red? Explain.
The apple that is red has seeds that are ready to grow because it is ripe.
Seeds on the Move
 Plants have adaptations that help them scatter their seeds.
o Some seeds spread with the wind.
o Some can float.
o Some have tiny hooks that stick to animal’s fur or a person’s clothes.
o Some animals bury nuts and seeds, which later grow.
 A seed that falls to the ground contains a small, young plant.
 Each seed needs water, oxygen, and the right temperature to germinate, or start to
grow.
o Food stored in the seed gives the young plant energy.
 Some plants grow from stems, roots, or leaves.
o A bulb is a type of underground stem that stores food.
o Some plants, such as strawberries, have stems called runners.
 New plants grow along the runners.
o Many grasses grow new plants from underground roots.
o Other plants reproduce from budding.
You might have seen seeds in a seed packet. Why have they not started to grow?
The seeds in the seeds packet have not started to grow because they need water, oxygen and the
right temperature to grow or germinate.
***Lesson 3: How do plants make food?
VOCABULARY
photosynthesis- the process in which plants make sugar
chlorophyll- the substance in plants that makes their parts green and captures energy from
sunlight
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Name: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________________________________________ #:________
Science Notes: Living Organisms PART 1
NOTES
Needs of a Plant
 To live, grow, and reproduce, plants need the following:
o sunlight
o water
o carbon dioxide from the air
o nutrients from the soil
 The amounts of sunlight and water that plants need can be different.
What does a plant need to live, grow, and reproduce?
Sunlight, water, carbon dioxide from the air and nutrients from the soil.
Why might some plants need less water than others?
Different plants live in different environments and require or need different amounts of water.
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How Plants Make Food
Plants make their own food.
Most plants have 3 special parts: roots, leaves, and stems.
Plants need carbon dioxide, water, nutrients and sunlight to make food.
The food plants make is sugar.
The process of the plants making sugar is called photosynthesis.
o Plants use energy in sunlight to change carbon dioxide and water into food.
o Oxygen and water are waste products of photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis?
The process of plants making sugar.
What might happen if a plant did not get enough sunlight and water?
The plant may not be able to survive if it does not get what it needs.
Plant cells contain tiny structures called chloroplasts.
 Photosynthesis usually takes place in the chloroplasts of the leaf cells.
 Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which is the substance in plants that makes their parts
green and captures energy from sunlight.
How are the chloroplasts different from the chlorophyll?
Chloroplasts are tiny structures in plant cells where photosynthesis happens. Chloroplasts contain
chlorophyll.
**Test will consist of material from notes, textbook, and questions from handouts completed
in class.**