Download Study Guide – DNA

Study Guide – DNA
Chapters 8 & 9
Name: _______________________
Date: ______________ Pd: ____
1. Draw a picture of a nucleotide. Label the phosphate, the deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogen
base. Which parts make up the backbone?
2. Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA:
DNA
RNA
a. contains the sugar deoxyribose
b.
has the bases A,C,G, and U
c. typically double-stranded
3. Matching: Match the scientist(s) to the appropriate discovery about DNA.
_____ DNA always has equal amounts of A-T and C-G.
_____ Created first 3-D DNA model out of metal and wood.
_____ The bonds that link amino acids together.
_____ The bonds that hold the bases together.
a.
b.
c.
f.
Watson and Crick
Chargoff
Hydrogen bond
Peptide bond
4. True or False:
_____ a.
_____ d.
_____ e.
_____ f.
_____ g.
In a DNA molecule, the nitrogen base adenine always pairs with the nitrogen base guanine.
The smallest unit or monomer of DNA is a phosphate.
The backbone of DNA is composed of a phosphate and a deoxyribose sugar.
DNA stands for ribonucleic acid
DNA is a double helix.
5. Write the complementary base pairs that would complete the DNA strand below.
TAC AGG TTC ACT
6. Transcribe the DNA molecule into an RNA molecule.
TAC AGG TTC ACT
7. Translate the RNA molecule into the appropriate amino acid sequence (use your chart!).
8. Use the words in the following list to fill in the blanks.
DNA polymerase
nucleotide
RNA polymerase
messenger RNA
replication
ribosomal RNA
transcription
transfer RNA
central dogma
translation
codon
anticodon
a. When DNA is copied during interphase, this process is known as ___________.
b. The enzyme that joins the nucleotides during replication and proofreads is _____________________.
c. DNA to RNA to proteins is known as the ________________________ of molecular biology.
d. _______________ is the type of RNA that carries the genetic code to the ribosome to make proteins.
e. _______________ is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce an RNA strand.
f. _________________ brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make a protein.
g. The process that decodes a mRNA strand into a polypeptide (then to a protein) is ________________.
h. A ________ is a 3-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid. An __________ is a set of
3-nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
9. A mutation is a change in an organisms DNA. Below is a string of nucleotides. (1) Use brackets to
indicate the reading frame of the nucleotide sequence. (2) Copy the nucleotide sequence into the first
box and make a point mutation. Circle the mutation. (3) Copy the nucleotide sequence into the
second box and make a frameshift mutation. Use brackets to indicate how the reading frame would
be altered by the mutation.
AGGCGTCCATGA
a.
b.
10. Define: mutagen: __________________________________________________________________
11. List three mutagens that we are exposed to daily: _________________________________________
12. Give an example of how each type of DNA Technology is useful.
DNA Fingerprints
(gel electrophoresis and
restriction maps)
Genetic Engineering
a. transgenic plants:
b. transgenic animals:
Recombinant
DNA
Cloning