Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
DNA repair protein XRCC4 wikipedia , lookup
Homologous recombination wikipedia , lookup
DNA sequencing wikipedia , lookup
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
DNA replication wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
DNA nanotechnology wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Study Guide – DNA Chapters 8 & 9 Name: _______________________ Date: ______________ Pd: ____ 1. Draw a picture of a nucleotide. Label the phosphate, the deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogen base. Which parts make up the backbone? 2. Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA: DNA RNA a. contains the sugar deoxyribose b. has the bases A,C,G, and U c. typically double-stranded 3. Matching: Match the scientist(s) to the appropriate discovery about DNA. _____ DNA always has equal amounts of A-T and C-G. _____ Created first 3-D DNA model out of metal and wood. _____ The bonds that link amino acids together. _____ The bonds that hold the bases together. a. b. c. f. Watson and Crick Chargoff Hydrogen bond Peptide bond 4. True or False: _____ a. _____ d. _____ e. _____ f. _____ g. In a DNA molecule, the nitrogen base adenine always pairs with the nitrogen base guanine. The smallest unit or monomer of DNA is a phosphate. The backbone of DNA is composed of a phosphate and a deoxyribose sugar. DNA stands for ribonucleic acid DNA is a double helix. 5. Write the complementary base pairs that would complete the DNA strand below. TAC AGG TTC ACT 6. Transcribe the DNA molecule into an RNA molecule. TAC AGG TTC ACT 7. Translate the RNA molecule into the appropriate amino acid sequence (use your chart!). 8. Use the words in the following list to fill in the blanks. DNA polymerase nucleotide RNA polymerase messenger RNA replication ribosomal RNA transcription transfer RNA central dogma translation codon anticodon a. When DNA is copied during interphase, this process is known as ___________. b. The enzyme that joins the nucleotides during replication and proofreads is _____________________. c. DNA to RNA to proteins is known as the ________________________ of molecular biology. d. _______________ is the type of RNA that carries the genetic code to the ribosome to make proteins. e. _______________ is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce an RNA strand. f. _________________ brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make a protein. g. The process that decodes a mRNA strand into a polypeptide (then to a protein) is ________________. h. A ________ is a 3-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid. An __________ is a set of 3-nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon. 9. A mutation is a change in an organisms DNA. Below is a string of nucleotides. (1) Use brackets to indicate the reading frame of the nucleotide sequence. (2) Copy the nucleotide sequence into the first box and make a point mutation. Circle the mutation. (3) Copy the nucleotide sequence into the second box and make a frameshift mutation. Use brackets to indicate how the reading frame would be altered by the mutation. AGGCGTCCATGA a. b. 10. Define: mutagen: __________________________________________________________________ 11. List three mutagens that we are exposed to daily: _________________________________________ 12. Give an example of how each type of DNA Technology is useful. DNA Fingerprints (gel electrophoresis and restriction maps) Genetic Engineering a. transgenic plants: b. transgenic animals: Recombinant DNA Cloning