Download Different Kinds of Cells Make Up Our Bodies

Different Kinds of Cells Make Up
Our Bodies
By Cindy Grigg
When you were made, a tiny cell from your father joined with another tiny cell from
your mother. Those cells began to divide, making new cells. First there was one cell, then
it divided and there were two. Each of those cells divided, and then there were four. Each
of those divided, and then there were eight. In the beginning, all of those cells looked
alike. Then when those eight cells divided, the new cells began to look different from
each other. Some cells became bone cells that made up your skeleton. Some became
blood cells, some muscle cells. Some of those muscle cells specialized, and they became
your heart muscle. Some cells became nerve cells. There are over two hundred different
types of cells in your body. Each kind of cell is shaped differently because it has a
different job to do. Each of these cells looks very, very different from each other.
1
On the outside of your body, you have skin cells. Skin cells protect your body by
keeping out rain, dirt, and germs. Skin holds together all your separate body parts. Skin
protects you from heat, cold, and sharp or hard objects. You wouldn't want to walk
barefoot without skin! Skin cells stack in layers of about ten cells thick, always making
new skin cells on the inside layer, and then moving outward as the cells get older and
tougher. When they die, they flake off and form dust. Millions of skin cells die every day.
Skin cells give people's bodies their color. Everybody's skin cells are exactly the same,
except they make different amounts of two substances called melanin and carotene.
These two substances give skin its color. If you go out in the sun, your skin cells make
more melanin. That's what causes your skin to "tan." Too much sun is not good for skin.
It can cause skin to wrinkle, and it can also cause skin cancer.
2
Because cells are alive, they need nutrients to survive. Blood cells carry nutrients and
oxygen into your body. Blood looks red because of the red blood cells in it. Red blood
cells look red because they have a chemical called hemoglobin in them. They are the cells
that carry oxygen to your cells. Without oxygen, all your cells would die. When you
breathe in, you take air into your lungs. The hemoglobin in blood gets oxygen from the
lung cells and takes it through your bloodstream to all the cells in your body. Red blood
cells also take the carbon dioxide out of the cells into the blood, where it goes into the
lungs again and is breathed out of the body. Blood also contains white blood cells. The
white blood cells are the defenders of your body. They fight bacteria and viruses that
might make you sick. When your skin is injured and you have a scab, you might see the
dead white blood cells under a scab that has been scratched off too soon. They look white
or greenish color. They have been fighting the germs that came into your body when the
skin was injured. Your body makes about one hundred fifty million (150,000,000) blood
cells every minute of your life to replace the ones that die.
3
Your bones are made of cells, too. Minerals such as calcium surround the cell and
make the bone hard. Bone cells make up the 206 bones in an adult's body. Our bones give
our body support and protect our internal organs. Ever notice how your ribs circle around
your heart and lungs? Bones also help make new cells in the bone marrow and work with
our muscles to help us move.
4
Nerve cells are unusual. Some of them look like a tree with many branches. The nerve
cells that control your arm and leg muscles are as wide as other cells in your body, but
they may be as long as one meter! Nerve cells live a long time; some of them live as long
as sixty years! Nerve cells send messages through your body to and from your brain.
They work by sending tiny electrical impulses along thin parts of the cell called axons.
Some nerve cells in your brain keep parts of your body working without you thinking
about it, even when you are asleep. You don't have to think about making your heart beat
or breathing when you are sleeping.
5
Every part of your body is made of tiny "building blocks" called cells. Your body has
many other types of cells in your stomach, your intestines, your teeth, nails, and hair.
Each kind of cell is different because it has a different job to do. The nerves that help you
see, feel, hear, smell, and taste things are made of cells. The bones that hold your body up
are made of cells. The muscles that make you move, the skin that protects your body, and
the hair on your head are all made of cells.
6
Copyright © 2010 edHelper
Name
_____________________________
Date
___________________
Different Kinds of Cells Make Up Our Bodies
1. How many different types of cells are
found in the human body?
About 100
About 200
About 150,000,000
About 1,000
2. How does skin protect your body?
It keeps blood inside your body.
It keeps your temperature even.
It keeps out rain, dirt, and germs.
3. What do your skin cells make when
you go out in the sun?
Melanin
Sun block
Carotene
4. What kind of cells takes nutrients and
oxygen throughout your body?
Lung cells
Nerve cells
Blood cells
5. What do white blood cells do?
They fight bacteria and viruses.
They carry oxygen.
They have hemoglobin.
6. Some nerve cells may be as long as
______.
A meter
A centimeter
A millimeter
A kilometer
7. Nerve cells may live as long as ______. 8. Every part of your body is made of
A year
______.
60 years
Skin
6 months
Cells
30 days
Muscle
Melanin
Different Kinds of Cells Make Up
Our Bodies
By Cindy Grigg
outward
layers
causes
separate
lung
nerves
support
lungs
wrinkle
nerve
carbon
bloodstream
ribs
beginning
cause
layer
flake
skeleton
began
axons
Directions: Fill in each blank with the word that best completes the reading
comprehension.
When you were made, a tiny cell from your father joined with another tiny cell from
your mother. Those cells began to divide, making new cells. First there was one cell, then
it divided and there were two. Each of those cells divided, and then there were four. Each
of those divided, and then there were eight. In the (1) _______________________ , all
of those cells looked alike. Then when those eight cells divided, the new cells
(2) _______________________ to look different from each other. Some cells became
bone cells that made up your (3) _______________________ . Some became blood
cells, some muscle cells. Some of those muscle cells specialized, and they became your
heart muscle. Some cells became (4) _______________________ cells. There are over
two hundred different types of cells in your body. Each kind of cell is shaped differently
because it has a different job to do. Each of these cells looks very, very different from
each other.
On the outside of your body, you have skin cells. Skin cells protect your body by
keeping out rain, dirt, and germs. Skin holds together all your
(5) _______________________ body parts. Skin protects you from heat, cold, and
sharp or hard objects. You wouldn't want to walk barefoot without skin! Skin cells stack
in (6) _______________________ of about ten cells thick, always making new skin
cells on the inside (7) _______________________ , and then moving
(8) _______________________ as the cells get older and tougher. When they die, they
(9) _______________________ off and form dust. Millions of skin cells die every day.
Skin cells give people's bodies their color. Everybody's skin cells are exactly the same,
except they make different amounts of two substances called melanin and carotene.
These two substances give skin its color. If you go out in the sun, your skin cells make
more melanin. That's what (10) _______________________ your skin to "tan." Too
much sun is not good for skin. It can cause skin to (11) _______________________ ,
and it can also (12) _______________________ skin cancer.
Because cells are alive, they need nutrients to survive. Blood cells carry nutrients and
oxygen into your body. Blood looks red because of the red blood cells in it. Red blood
cells look red because they have a chemical called hemoglobin in them. They are the cells
that carry oxygen to your cells. Without oxygen, all your cells would die. When you
breathe in, you take air into your lungs. The hemoglobin in blood gets oxygen from the
(13) _______________________ cells and takes it through your
(14) _______________________ to all the cells in your body. Red blood cells also take
the (15) _______________________ dioxide out of the cells into the blood, where it
goes into the (16) _______________________ again and is breathed out of the body.
Blood also contains white blood cells. The white blood cells are the defenders of your
body. They fight bacteria and viruses that might make you sick. When your skin is
injured and you have a scab, you might see the dead white blood cells under a scab that
has been scratched off too soon. They look white or greenish color. They have been
fighting the germs that came into your body when the skin was injured. Your body makes
about one hundred fifty million (150,000,000) blood cells every minute of your life to
replace the ones that die.
Your bones are made of cells, too. Minerals such as calcium surround the cell and
make the bone hard. Bone cells make up the 206 bones in an adult's body. Our bones give
our body (17) _______________________ and protect our internal organs. Ever notice
how your (18) _______________________ circle around your heart and lungs? Bones
also help make new cells in the bone marrow and work with our muscles to help us move.
Nerve cells are unusual. Some of them look like a tree with many branches. The nerve
cells that control your arm and leg muscles are as wide as other cells in your body, but
they may be as long as one meter! Nerve cells live a long time; some of them live as long
as sixty years! Nerve cells send messages through your body to and from your brain.
They work by sending tiny electrical impulses along thin parts of the cell called
(19) _______________________ . Some nerve cells in your brain keep parts of your
body working without you thinking about it, even when you are asleep. You don't have to
think about making your heart beat or breathing when you are sleeping.
Every part of your body is made of tiny "building blocks" called cells. Your body has
many other types of cells in your stomach, your intestines, your teeth, nails, and hair.
Each kind of cell is different because it has a different job to do. The
(20) _______________________ that help you see, feel, hear, smell, and taste things
are made of cells. The bones that hold your body up are made of cells. The muscles that
make you move, the skin that protects your body, and the hair on your head are all made
of cells.
Copyright © 2010 edHelper
Name
_____________________________
Date
___________________
Different Kinds of Cells Make Up Our Bodies
1. How many different types of cells are
found in the human body?
About 1,000
About 100
About 150,000,000
About 200
2. How does skin protect your body?
It keeps out rain, dirt, and germs.
It keeps blood inside your body.
It keeps your temperature even.
3. What do your skin cells make when
you go out in the sun?
Sun block
Carotene
Melanin
4. What kind of cells takes nutrients and
oxygen throughout your body?
Blood cells
Lung cells
Nerve cells
5. What do white blood cells do?
They carry oxygen.
They have hemoglobin.
They fight bacteria and viruses.
6. Some nerve cells may be as long as
______.
A meter
A kilometer
A centimeter
A millimeter
7. Nerve cells may live as long as ______. 8. Every part of your body is made of
A year
______.
60 years
Muscle
6 months
Cells
30 days
Melanin
Skin
Name
_____________________________
Date
___________________
(Key 1 - Answer ID # 1066650)
Crack the code! Write the real word that each of the codes represent. Each letter in
the real word has been changed to another letter. For example, a B in the code
might really mean C. Once you figure out the code for one letter, the same code is
used for all the words on this sheet.
Code: A C D E F G I J K M N O P Q R U V W Y Z
B
R
G A
O
Letter:
1.
DKIOCOE
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
APEMCARZ
DKGGWIY
MEZRJCJ
RNWJD
DVEZEYWJ
KJKDKRZ
MCZZCWJ
FEQCJJCJQ
UZRVE
Different Kinds of Cells Make Up
Our Bodies - Answer Key
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
About 200
It keeps out rain, dirt, and germs.
Melanin
Blood cells
They fight bacteria and viruses.
A meter
60 years
Cells
Different Kinds of Cells Make Up
Our Bodies
By Cindy Grigg
Answer Key
When you were made, a tiny cell from your father joined with another tiny cell from
your mother. Those cells began to divide, making new cells. First there was one cell, then
it divided and there were two. Each of those cells divided, and then there were four. Each
of those divided, and then there were eight. In the (1) beginning , all of those cells
looked alike. Then when those eight cells divided, the new cells (2) began to look
different from each other. Some cells became bone cells that made up your (3) skeleton .
Some became blood cells, some muscle cells. Some of those muscle cells specialized, and
they became your heart muscle. Some cells became (4) nerve cells. There are over two
hundred different types of cells in your body. Each kind of cell is shaped differently
because it has a different job to do. Each of these cells looks very, very different from
each other.
On the outside of your body, you have skin cells. Skin cells protect your body by
keeping out rain, dirt, and germs. Skin holds together all your (5) separate body parts.
Skin protects you from heat, cold, and sharp or hard objects. You wouldn't want to walk
barefoot without skin! Skin cells stack in (6) layers of about ten cells thick, always
making new skin cells on the inside (7) layer , and then moving (8) outward as the
cells get older and tougher. When they die, they (9) flake off and form dust. Millions of
skin cells die every day. Skin cells give people's bodies their color. Everybody's skin cells
are exactly the same, except they make different amounts of two substances called
melanin and carotene. These two substances give skin its color. If you go out in the sun,
your skin cells make more melanin. That's what (10) causes your skin to "tan." Too
much sun is not good for skin. It can cause skin to (11) wrinkle , and it can also
(12) cause skin cancer.
Because cells are alive, they need nutrients to survive. Blood cells carry nutrients and
oxygen into your body. Blood looks red because of the red blood cells in it. Red blood
cells look red because they have a chemical called hemoglobin in them. They are the cells
that carry oxygen to your cells. Without oxygen, all your cells would die. When you
breathe in, you take air into your lungs. The hemoglobin in blood gets oxygen from the
(13) lung cells and takes it through your (14) bloodstream to all the cells in your
body. Red blood cells also take the (15) carbon dioxide out of the cells into the blood,
where it goes into the (16) lungs again and is breathed out of the body. Blood also
contains white blood cells. The white blood cells are the defenders of your body. They
fight bacteria and viruses that might make you sick. When your skin is injured and you
have a scab, you might see the dead white blood cells under a scab that has been
scratched off too soon. They look white or greenish color. They have been fighting the
germs that came into your body when the skin was injured. Your body makes about one
hundred fifty million (150,000,000) blood cells every minute of your life to replace the
ones that die.
Your bones are made of cells, too. Minerals such as calcium surround the cell and
make the bone hard. Bone cells make up the 206 bones in an adult's body. Our bones give
our body (17) support and protect our internal organs. Ever notice how your
(18) ribs circle around your heart and lungs? Bones also help make new cells in the
bone marrow and work with our muscles to help us move.
Nerve cells are unusual. Some of them look like a tree with many branches. The nerve
cells that control your arm and leg muscles are as wide as other cells in your body, but
they may be as long as one meter! Nerve cells live a long time; some of them live as long
as sixty years! Nerve cells send messages through your body to and from your brain.
They work by sending tiny electrical impulses along thin parts of the cell called
(19) axons . Some nerve cells in your brain keep parts of your body working without
you thinking about it, even when you are asleep. You don't have to think about making
your heart beat or breathing when you are sleeping.
Every part of your body is made of tiny "building blocks" called cells. Your body has
many other types of cells in your stomach, your intestines, your teeth, nails, and hair.
Each kind of cell is different because it has a different job to do. The (20) nerves that
help you see, feel, hear, smell, and taste things are made of cells. The bones that hold
your body up are made of cells. The muscles that make you move, the skin that protects
your body, and the hair on your head are all made of cells.
Answers to Reading Comprehension Questions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
About 200
It keeps out rain, dirt, and germs.
Melanin
Blood cells
They fight bacteria and viruses.
A meter
60 years
Cells
Answer Key 1066650
Key # 1
Crack the code! Write the real word that each of the codes represent. Each letter in the
real word has been changed to another letter. For example, a B in the code might really
mean C. Once you figure out the code for one letter, the same code is used for all the
words on this sheet.
Code: A C D E F G I J K M N O P Q R U V W Y Z
Letter: C I S E B P R N U M X V H G A F K O T L
1.
DKIOCOE
2.
APEMCARZ
3.
DKGGWIY
SUPPORT
4.
MEZRJCJ
MELANIN
5.
RNWJD
6.
DVEZEYWJ
7.
KJKDKRZ
UNUSUAL
8.
MCZZCWJ
MILLION
9.
FEQCJJCJQ
10.
UZRVE
SURVIVE
CHEMICAL
AXONS
SKELETON
BEGINNING
FLAKE