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Anatomy - study of the structure of an organism Gross - visible without a microscope Microscopic - not visible to unaided eye Physiology - study of the function of a living organism and its parts, as well as the chemical processes involved 1! Cytology - studies the structure and function of cells 2! Tissues Histology - microscopic study of cells and tissues Epithelial - superficial layer of mucous membranes and the cells of the skin Myology - examines muscle form and function lines nearly all cavities as well as connecting tubes as well as skin Arthrology - studies joints that join bones Connective - specialized for purpose of support, includes cartilage, bone Osteology - study of the structure and function of bones and blood (supporting matrix for blood cells) Neurology - study of the nervous system Muscle - striated/skeletal (striped appearance) also known as voluntary, somatic or skeletal ( muscle used for rapid “voluntary” movement of skeletal structures); unstraited/visceral (smooth (sheetlike) muscles producing slow “involuntary” contractions of digestive tract, blood vessels, etc. and cardiac (interconnect in net like structure) capable of quick, rhythmic contractions and very prolonged periods of activity. Smooth and Cardiac muscles are generally controlled by the autonomic nervous system Nervous - highly specialized communicative tissue 3! 4! Fascia - surrounds organs Joints - joining of bone and/or cartilage Ligaments - binds organ to organ and bone to bone fibrous - suture (as in the skull) Tendons - attaches muscle to bone cartilaginous - cartilage provides union of two bones (as in spinal column) Bones - begins as cartilage and provides support synovial - joint cavity filled with fluid and vary in complexity) Joints - joining of bone and/or cartilage simple Muscles - comprised of muscle fibers, epimysium [Ep](fascia covering), and hinge tendon (for attaching to bone), nerve supply, and blood supply. ellipsod 5! Muscles - comprised of muscle fibers, epimysium [upon or over muscle] (fascia covering), and tendon (for attaching to bone), nerve supply, and blood supply. 6! Muscular Skeletal - bones and cartilages Respiratory - passageways, tissues, etc. involves in breathing Origin - point of attachment to least mobile element Digestive - eating and digestion Insertion - point of attachment that moves as result of contraction Reproductive - organs involved with reproduction Innervation - nerve supply Urinary - urinary tract Afferent (sensory) Endocrine- production and dissemination of hormones Efferent (motor or excitatory) Nervous- nerve tissues and structures of the central and peripheral nervous system 7! 8! Planes sagittal-vertical cut from front to back coronal/frontal-vertical cut from side to side transverse-horizontal cut at any level General terms of Location ventral-away from the backbone dorsal-toward the backbone anterior-toward the front posterior-toward the back rostral-toward the head caudal-toward the tail superior-upper (toward the top) inferior-lower (toward the bottom) superficial-toward the surface deep-away from the surface external-toward the outside internal-toward the inside medial-toward the axis, or near the midline proximal-toward the axis or midline 9! peripheral (distal)-away from the axis or midline lateral-toward the side proximal- 10!