Download Comp 4c Packet

#: ___ Scientist’s Name: ____________
Competency 4c
4. Investigate, compare, and contrast cell structures, functions, and methods
of reproduction.
c. Describe how active, passive, and facilitated transports relate to the
maintenance of homeostasis. (DOK 1)
Section 7 – DaBook
Cellular Transport, page 163
1. Comes from the Greek words “the same” & “steady” –
2. ___ refers to the need form living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment in order
to survive.
3. List four factors that must be controlled for living things to survive & grow.
4. What is the average internal temperature of the human body in C o? Fo?
5. List two things our body does to help maintain a constant internal body temperature.
6. List the levels of organization of living things. Cells ->
7. The chemical reactions that take place in each cell need a constant ___ environment.
8. Define cellular transport.
9. ___ is the process that allows the cell to maintain homeostasis.
10. Draw & label Figure 7-1.
11. What is the main function of the cell membrane?
12. Explain the property of being selectively permeable.
13. The cell membrane is a bilayer of ___.
14. The two types of transport across the cell membrane are ___ & ___.
15. ___ means that the cell has to use some of its own energy to move materials in or out.
16. Two examples of #15 are…
17. In ___, the cell does not have to use any of its own energy.
18. Two examples of #17 are…
19. Define diffusion & give an example.
20. Why is diffusion considered passive transport?
21. Give two examples of materials that can diffuse through a cell’s membrane.
22. Explain concentration gradient.
23. When the concentrations on both sides of the cell membrane are equal, the concentration has
reached ___.
24. Explain Figure 7-2.
25. What are transport proteins?
26. List three examples of substances that must use proteins to cross the cell membrane.
27. Give two examples of how transport proteins work.
28. Explain facilitated diffusion.
29. How is osmosis different from simple diffusion?
30. List two important things to remember about osmosis.
31. Define solute.
32. Explain Figure 7-4.
33. Draw & explain Figure 7-5.
34. List & describe the three types of osmotic solutions.
35. Differentiate the parts of a solution.
36. ___ serves as the main solvent in living things. (universal solvent)
37. If there is a concentration gradient, substances will move from an area of high concentration to
…
38. The direction of water movement across the cell membrane depends on the concentration of
39. A solution that causes a cell to swell is called a
40. Organelles that collect excess water inside the cell and force water out are called
41. The process of taking material into the cell by enfolding the cell membrane is called
42. In __ diffusion, membrane proteins help molecules across the membrane.
43. In diffusion, molecules
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44. Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient [with / without] using
the cell’s energy. Molecules diffuse __ at higher temperatures. Smaller molecules diffuse __
than larger molecules. Most short-distance transport of materials into & out of cells occurs by
diffusion.
45. Diffusion always occurs ____ (water moves from an area
where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less
concentrated). Diffusion continues until …
When a concentration gradient no longer exists, ___ has been
reached but molecules will continue to move equally back &
forth across a membrane.
Osmosis & Tonicity
46. In which direction does water move across
membranes, up or down the concentration
gradient?
47. Define these 3 terms:
a. isotonic_____________________________________
b. hypertonic
_____________________________________
c. hypotonic
_____________________________________
Salt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside
or outside the cell, it will draw the water in
its direction. This is also why you get thirsty
after eating something salty. Just remember
~ salt sucks!!!!
48. Cytoplasm is mostly water containing
dissolved solutes. ____________ solutions
have many solute molecules & fewer water
molecules. Water moves from areas of ______
solute concentration to areas of
_______solute concentration.
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If the concentration of solute (salt) is ___, the
water will move back in forth but it won't have
any result on the overall
amount of water on
either side. "ISO"
means ____
Animal cells do best
in isotonic solutions.
The cells of animals
on land are usually in an
isotonic environment (equilibrium).
The word "HYPO" means
____, in this case there
are ___ solute (salt)
molecules outside the
cell, since salt sucks,
water will move ____.
The cell will gain water
and grow larger. In plant cells, the central
vacuoles will fill and the plant becomes ____, the
____ keeps the plant from bursting. Plant cells
become turgid due to water pressing outward
against cell wall. Turgor pressure in plant cells
helps them keep their shape. Plant cells do best in
hypotonic solutions.
In animal cells, the cell may be in danger of
bursting. Organelles called ___ will pump water
out of the cell to prevent this. Animal cells swell &
burst (lyse) if they take in too much water.
Cytolysis is the bursting of cells. Freshwater
organisms live in hypotonic environments so water
constantly moves into their cells. Plant cell walls
prevent plant cells from bursting in hypotonic
environments. Some marine organisms can pump
out excess salt.
49. After reading the
paragraphs above &
below, define the
following terms.





cytolysis
turgor
turgor pressure
plasmolysis
flaccid
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The word "HYPER"
means ___. In this case
there are more solute
(salt) molecules outside
the cell, which causes
the water to ___.
In plant cells, the
central vacuole loses water and the cells shrink,
causing ___. Plant cells become flaccid (wilt);
called ____. In animal cells, the cells also shrink.
In both cases, the cell may die.
This is why it is dangerous to drink sea water - its a
myth that drinking sea water will cause you to go
insane, but people marooned at sea will speed up
dehydration (and death) by drinking sea water.
This is also why "salting fields" was a common
tactic during war, it would kill the crops in the
field, thus causing food shortages.
50. Use arrows to show the direction of water movement into or out of each cell.
Color and label the cell in an isotonic environment light blue, the hypotonic
environment yellow, and the hypertonic environment light green.
Match the description with the osmotic condition:
A. Isotonic
_____ 51.
_____ 52.
_____ 53.
_____ 54.
_____ 55.
_____ 56.
_____ 57.
_____ 58.
_____ 59.
B. Hypertonic
C. Hypotonic
solution with a lower solute concentration
solution in which the solute concentration is the same
condition plant cells require
condition that animal cells require
red blood cell bursts (cytolysis)
plant cell loses turgor pressure (Plasmolysis)
solution with a higher solute concentration
plant cell with good turgor pressure
solution with a high water concentration
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60. Label the tonicity for each solution (isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic).
______________
_______________
______________
______________
_______________
______________
Facilitated Diffusion
61. Faster than simple diffusion - Considered __ transport
because extra energy not used. Occurs down a
concentration gradient. Involves __ embedded in a
cell’s membrane to help move across certain solutes
such as glucose. Carrier molecules __ when solute
attaches to them. Change in carrier protein shape
helps move solute across the
membrane.
62. ___ in the cell membrane form tunnels
across the membrane to move
materials. These may always be open
or have gates that open & close to
control the movement of materials;
called ___. Gates open & close in
response to concentration inside & outside the cell.
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The black dots in the diagrams represent solute molecules dissolved in water.
63. In which beaker (A or B) is the concentration of solute the greater?
A
B
64. If the solute (dots) in the diagram to the right is unable
to pass through the dividing membrane, what will
happen?
A. the water level will rise on the right side of the tube
B. the water level will rise on the left side of the tube
C. the water level will stay equal on the two sides
65. What type of transport does the following picture represent?
66. What energy is being used?
67. In which direction (concentration gradient), is the movement occurring?
68. Explain moving AGAINST the concentration gradient.
69. This [requires/does not require] energy from the cell.
70. List three types of transport proteins.
71. Explain Figure 7-10.
72. List the two types of active transport that move LARGE objects.
Color the internal environment of the
cell yellow.
Color and Label the transport proteins
red and the substance being moved
blue.
73. Carrier proteins are used to move ions
such as Na+, Ca+, and K+ across the cell
membrane. ____ moves ___ Na+ out for every
__ K+ into the cell. Causes a difference in
charge inside and outside the cell called ___.
Ion pumps help __ & ___ cells work.
74. Plants use active transport to help ____.
Plant nutrients are more concentrated inside
the root than outside.
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75. Explain the sodium/potassium pump. (page 178)
76. One type of active transport is
called the _____ pump that helps
muscle cells contract. This pump
uses ___ to move ions ___ the
concentration gradient.
77. The protein that is used to pump
the ions through is called a ___
protein and it changes its ___ to move
the ions across the cell membrane.
Label and color the carrier
proteins red and the ions
green.
78. Endocytosis –
79. Two Types:
80. Cell membrane extends out forming ___ (fingerlike projections) that surround
the particle. Membrane pouch encloses the material & pinches off inside the cell
making a ____. Vesicle can fuse with ____ (digestive organelles) or release their
contents in the cytoplasm. Used by amoeba to feed & white blood cells to kill
bacteria. Known as "cell eating."
81. Label the sketch below.
82. Cell membrane surrounds fluid droplets. Fluids are taken into membrane-bound
vesicle. Known as "___."
83. Exocytosis –
84. ___ made by ribosomes in a cell are packaged into transport vesicles by the Golgi
Apparatus. Transport vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and then the proteins
are secreted out of the cell (e.g. insulin).
85. Cell size stay small because…
 Diffusion
 Proteins
 Surface area-to-volume ratio
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COMPARE/CONTRAST Active (ATP) What does it use to help?
Or Passive
Membrane proteins
the kinds of
(KINETIC
Vesicles
transport
ENERGY)
Needs no help
Example of
substance(s) that
use this kind of
transport in cells
DIFFUSION
FACILITATED
DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
(ION CHANNELS)
SODIUM-POTASSIUM
(NA+ -K+) PUMP
(ANIMALS)
ENDOCYTOSIS
(PHAGOCYTOSIS)
ENDOCYTOSIS
(PINOCYTOSIS)
EXOCYTOSIS
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