Download French Pronoun

French Lesson Summary
The French pronouns.
Direct object
pronouns
Indirect object
pronouns
Stress pronouns
I
me
me
moi
You
te
te
toi
He / She
le / la
lui
lui / elle
We
nous
nous
nous
You
nous
vous
vous
They
les
leur
eux / elles
I want to
The determinant of the object So the right
replace a : is:
pronoun is :
Le, la, les or an equivalent
(possessive adjectives (mon),
demonstrative adj. (ce))
Un, une, des
DIRECT
OBJECT
Examples :
LE / LA /
LES
Je regarde la
mer.
me / te / nous
/ vous
Je la regarde.
EN
Il mange des
fruits.
Partitive (du, de la, de l’)
Il en mange.
Expression of quantity
EN
(numbers, trop de…, un verre
de…, etc…)
+
Il boit trop de
vin.
Il en boit trop.
expression of
quantity
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I want to
The
replace a : preposition
is:
à
It is :
So the right
pronoun is :
Examples :
Animate
(person,
animal, …)
LUI / LEUR
Il parle à
Pierre.
Animate
(person,
animal, …)
INDIRECT
OBJECT
de
me / te / nous
/ vous
DE
STRESSED
pronoun
Animate
(person,
animal, …)
Vous parlez de
Paul.
+
Inanimated
(thing,
idea,…)
Other
prepositions
Il lui parle.
Vous parlez de
lui.
Vous parlez de
votre examen.
EN
Vous en
parlez.
PREPOSITION
Il discute avec
Jacques.
+
STRESSED
pronoun
Il discute avec
lui.
http://www.class.uh.edu/mcl/ta/vandermaliere/Copiepronomsexplication.htm
Ier GROUPE
- E
- ES
- E
(90% de tous les verbes français)
- ER
- ONS
- EZ
- ENT
PARLER
je PARLE
tu PARLES
il, elle PARLE
nous PARLONS
vous PARLEZ
ils, elles PARLENT
IIème GROUPE
- IR
-
+ -ISS
IS
IS
IT
FINIR
- ISSONS
- ISSEZ
- ISSENT
je FINIS
tu FINIS
il, elle FINIT
nous FINISSONS
vous FINISSEZ
ils, elles FINISSENT
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comme des verbes en anglais en – ish
finir, punir, démolir, fleurir, polir
- dérivés des adjectifs
blachir, brunir, jaunir, rougir, pâlir, vieillir, grandir, grossir, maigrir
- d’autres verbes
choisir, obéir, réfléchir, remplir
-
1) -endre -ondre
verbes en –endre et – ondre
je vends
tu vends
il, elle vend
nous vendons
vous vendez
ils vendent
entendre, confondre, rendre, attendre, perdre,
répondre, descendre, défendre, tendre
MAIS!
PRENDRE
COMPRENDRE
APPRENDRE
je prends
tu prends
il, elle
prend
nous prenons
vous prenez
ils, elles prennent
2) - IR
a)
verbes en – ir (sans –iss)
DORMIR
je dors
tu dors
il, elle dort
nous dormons
vous dormez
ils dorment
courir, partir, sortir, servir, mentir, sentir
b)
mourir
je meurs
tu meurs
il, elle meurt
nous mourons
vous mourez
ils, elles meurent
venir, tenir
je viens (tiens)
tu viens (tiens)
il, elle vient (tient)
nous venons (tenons)
vous venez (tenez)
ils, elles viennent (tiennent)
c)
les verbes OUVRIR, COUVRIR, OFFRIR, SOUFFRIR se conjuguent comme les verbes du
1ergroup
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je couvre (ouvre, offre, souffre)
nous couvrons (ouvrons, offrons, souffrons)
3) -OIR
verbes en - oir
a)
apercevoir
recevoir
devoir
savoir
j’aperçois, nous apercevons, ils aperçoivent
je reçois, nous recevons, ils reçoivent
je dois, nous devons, ils doivent
je sais, nous savons, ils savent
b)
pouvoir
vouloir
valoir
je peux, nous pouvons, ils peuvent
je veux, nous voulons, ils veulent
je vaux, nous valons, ils valent
c)
falloir
pleuvoir
il faut
il pleut
http://fr.tsedryk.ca/grammaire/present_imperatif/IIIgr.htm
http://www.happychild.org.uk/freeway/french/index.htm -> Keren dan lengkap. Saking lengkapnya gak
muat dijadiin satu tabel doang. Haha..
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http://www.leconjugueur.com/uklestemps.php
Tableau de verbes français (French Verb Timeline)
Ce tableau vous aidera à comprendre les temps et les modes de verbes français.
(This timeline will help you understand French verb tenses and moods.)
M O D E
PERSONNEL*
Indicatif
F futur
U
T
U futur antérieur
R
IMPERSONNEL*
Subjonctif
Impératif
Conditionnel
Infinitif
Participe
(subjonctif)
(impératif) (conditionnel) inf. futur part. futur
PRÉSENT
subjonctif
impératif
imparfait
[imparfait
du subjonctif]
P passé composé
A
S [passé simple]
S
É plus-que-parfait
[passé
antérieur]
subjonctif passé
[plus-queparfait
du subjonctif]
conditionnel
infinitif
part. présent
cond. passé
imp. passé
inf. passé
F
U
T
U
R
participe
passé
[cond. passé
2]
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P
A
S
S
É
* Les modes personnels se conjuguent pour les différents sujets, tandis que les modes impersonnels n'ont
qu'une seule forme.
Les (parenthèses) indiquent des formes au présent des verbes qui peuvent aussi marquer le futur.
Les formes en [crochets] sont l'équivalent littéraire du verbe dans la boîte en dessus (par exemple, le passé
simple est l'équivalent littéraire du passé composé).
(*Personal moods have different conjugations for different subjects, whereas impersonal moods have only
one form.
The (parentheses) indicate present tense verb forms which are also used as future forms.
Verb forms in [brackets] are the literary equivalent of the verb form in the box directly above (e.g., the simple
past is the literary equivalent of the compound past).)
Présent
French Present Tense
The French present tense, called le présent or le présent de l'indicatif, is quite similar in usage to the
English present tense.
Le présent is used to express:
I.
Current actions and situations
Je suis fatigué.
Nous allons au marché.
II.
I am tired.
We are going to the market.
Habitual actions
Il va à l'école tous les jours.
He goes to school every day.
Je visite des musées le samedi. I visit museums on Saturdays.
III. Absolute and general truths
La terre est ronde.
L'éducation est importante.
IV.
Actions which will occur immediately
J'arrive !
Il part tout de suite.
V.
The earth is round.
Education is important.
I'll be right there!
He is leaving right away.
Conditions in si clauses
Si je peux, j'irai avec toi.
If I can, I will go with you.
Le présent has three different English equivalents. The English helping verbs to be and to do are not
translated into the French present tense.
I eat.
I am eating.
}
Je mange.
I do eat.
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If you want to emphasize the fact that something is happening right now, you can use the conjugated verb
être + en train de + infinitive:
I am eating right now.
I'm in the process of eating.
}
Je suis en train de manger.
To learn how to conjugate verbs in the présent and then to test yourself, please see these related lessons:
There are five main kinds of verbs in French: regular -ER, -IR, -RE; stem-changing; and irregular. Once you've
learned the rules of conjugation for each of the first three kinds of verbs, you should have no problem
conjugating regular verbs in each of those categories. The majority of French verbs are regular -ER verbs - see
the next page for a list of some common -ER verbs.
The verb form that ends in -ER is called the infinitive (in English, the infinitive is the verb preceded by the word
"to"), and -ER is the infinitive ending. The verb with the infinitive ending removed is called the stem or radical.
To conjugate -ER verbs, remove the infinitive ending to find the stem and add the endings in the table below.
French regular -ER verb conjugations
To conjugate an -ER verb in the present tense, remove the infinitive ending and then add the appropriate
endings. For example, here are the present tense conjugations for the regular -ER verbs parler (to speak),
donner (to give), and visiter (to visit):
Pronoun
parler > parl-
donner > donn-
visiter > visit-
je
Ending
-e
parle
donne
visite
tu
-es
parles
donnes
visites
il
-e
parle
donne
visite
nous
-ons
parlons
donnons
visitons
vous
-ez
parlez
donnez
visitez
ils
-ent
parlent
donnent
visitent
Regular -ER verbs share conjugation patterns in all tenses and moods.
There are five main kinds of verbs in French: regular -ER, -IR, -RE; stem-changing; and irregular. Once you've
learned the rules of conjugation for each of the first three kinds of verbs, you should have no problem
conjugating regular verbs in each of those categories. Regular -IR verbs are the second largest category of
French verbs- see the next page for a list of some common -IR verbs.
The verb form that ends in -IR is called the infinitive (in English, the infinitive is the verb preceded by the word
"to"), and -IR is the infinitive ending. The verb with the infinitive ending removed is called the stem or radical.
To conjugate -IR verbs, remove the infinitive ending to find the stem and add the endings in the table below.
French regular -IR verb conjugations
To conjugate an -IR verb in the present tense, remove the infinitive ending and then add the appropriate
endings. For example, here are the present tense conjugations for the regular -IR verbs choisir (to choose),
finir (to finish), and réussir (to succeed):
Pronoun
choisir > chois-
finir > fin-
réussir > réuss-
je
Ending
-is
choisis
finis
réussis
tu
-is
choisis
finis
réussis
il
-it
choisit
finit
réussit
nous
-issons
choisissons
finissons
réussissons
vous
-issez
choisissez
finissez
réussissez
ils
-issent
choisissent
finissent
réussissent
Regular -IR verbs share conjugation patterns in all tenses and moods.
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There are five main
learned the rules of
conjugating regular
- see the next page
kinds of verbs in French: regular -ER, -IR, -RE; stem-changing; and irregular. Once you've
conjugation for each of the first three kinds of verbs, you should have no problem
verbs in each of those categories. The smallest category of regular French verbs -RE verbs
for a list of some common -RE verbs.
The verb form that ends in -RE is called the infinitive (in English, the infinitive is the verb preceded by the word
"to"), and -RE is the infinitive ending. The verb with the infinitive ending removed is called the stem or radical.
To conjugate -RE verbs, remove the infinitive ending to find the stem and add the endings in the table below.
French regular -RE verb conjugations
To conjugate an -RE verb in the present tense, remove the infinitive ending and then add the appropriate
endings. For example, here are the present tense conjugations for the regular -RE verbs descendre (to
descend), perdre (to lose), and vendre (to sell):
Pronoun
Ending
descendre > descend-
perdre > perd-
vendre > vend-
je
-s
descends
perds
vends
tu
-s
descends
perds
vends
il
-
descend
perd
vend
nous
-ons
descendons
perdons
vendons
vous
-ez
descendez
perdez
vendez
ils
-ent
descendent
perdent
vendent
Regular -RE verbs share conjugation patterns in all tenses and moods.
French Past Perfect - Pluperfect
Plus-que-parfait
By Laura K. Lawless, About.com
The French past perfect, or pluperfect, is used to indicate an action in the past that occurred before another
action in the past. The latter can be either mentioned in the same sentence or implied.
Il n'avait pas mangé (avant de faire ses devoirs).
He hadn't eaten (before doing his homework).
J'ai fait du shopping ce matin ; j'avais déjà fait la lessive.
I went shopping this morning; I had already done the laundry.
J'étais déjà sorti (quand tu as téléphoné).
I had already left (when you called).
Nous voulions te parler parce que nous ne t'avions pas vu hier.
We wanted to talk to you because we didn't see you yesterday.
The pluperfect is also used in si clauses to express a hypothetical situation in the past contrary to what actually
happened:
Si tu m'avais demandé, j'aurais répondu.
If you had asked me, I would have answered.
Nous y serions allés si nous avions su.
We would have gone if we had known.
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Passé simple
French Simple Past
The passé simple (simple past or preterite) is the literary equivalent of the passé composé, which means that
it is used only in formal writing (e.g., historical and literary writing) and very formal speech. In such writing
and speech, the passé simple is used alongside l'imparfait, just as in everyday speech/writing, the passé
composé and imparfait are used together.
You will probably never need to actually use the passé simple, but it is important and easy to recognize it. (My
high school French teacher told me that if a verb looked weird, it was probably in the passé simple. :-)
The passé simple of -ER verbs is formed by dropping the -er and adding the passé simple endings:
Singular
Plural
je
-ai
nous
-âmes
2nd person tu
-as
vous
-âtes
3rd person il
-a
ils
-èrent
1st person
Thus to conjugate parler, you would remove the -er to find the radical parl- and then add the appropriate
endings:
PARLER
Singular
Plural
1st person
je parlai
nous
parlâmes
2nd person tu parlas
vous
parlâtes
3rd person il
ils
parlèrent
parla
All -er verbs (including aller) are conjugated according to this pattern, except for irregularities in verbs that
end in -ger and -cer:
MANGER
LANCER
je
mangeai
nous
mangeâmes
je
lançai
nous
lançâmes
tu
mangeas
vous
mangeâtes
tu
lanças
vous
lançâtes
il
mangea
ils
mangèrent
il
lança
ils
lancèrent
Because a g or a c followed by an a would make a hard g or c sound (like in gave or cave), an e has to be
added after the g and the c has to change to a ç in the imparfait du subjonctif to keep the g soft (like in gel)
and the c soft (as in cell). These are known as spelling-change verbs.
Regular -IR and -RE verbs have the following endings:
Singular
Plural
je
-is
nous
-îmes
2nd person tu
-is
vous
-îtes
3rd person il
-it
ils
-irent
1st person
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Remove the -ir or -re and add the passé simple endings to get:
FINIR
RENDRE
je
finis nous
finîmes
je
rendis nous
rendîmes
tu
finis vous
finîtes
tu
rendis vous
rendîtes
il
finit
finirent
il
rendit
rendirent
ils
ils
Passé composé - French Compound Past Tense
The most common French past tense
By Laura K. Lawless, About.com
The passé composé is the most common French past tense, often used in conjunction with the imperfect. The
passé composé can express any of the following:
An action completed in the past
As-tu étudié ce weekend ?
Did you study this weekend?
Ils ont déjà mangé.
They have already eaten.
An action repeated a number of times in the past
Oui, j'ai mangé cinq fois hier.
Yes, I did eat five times yesterday.
Nous avons visité Paris plusieurs fois.
We've visited Paris several times.
A series of actions completed in the past
Quand je suis arrivé, j'ai vu les fleurs.
When I arrived, I saw the flowers.
Samedi, il a vu sa mère, a parlé au médicin et a trouvé un chat.
Saturday he saw his mother, talked to the doctor, and found a cat.
Related lesson: Repeating auxiliary verbs
The passé composé has three possible English equivalents. For example, j'ai dansé can mean
1.
2.
3.
I danced (simple past)
I have danced (present perfect)
I did dance (past emphatic)
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French Imperfect ~ Imparfait
Usage
Uses |
The French imperfect (imparfait) is a descriptive past tense which indicates an ongoing state of being or a
repeated or incomplete action. The beginning and end of the state of being or action are not indicated, and the
imparfait is very often translated in English as "was" or "was ___-ing."
The imperfect can indicate any of the following:
I.
Habitual actions or states of being
Quand j'étais petit, nous allions à la plage
chaque semaine.
When I was young, we used to go to the
beach every week.
L'année dernière, je travaillais avec mon père. I worked with my father last year.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Physical and emotional descriptions: time, weather, age, feelings
Il était midi et il faisait beau.
It was noon and the weather was nice.
Quand il avait 5 ans, il avait toujours faim.
When he was five, he was always hungry.
Actions or states of an unspecified duration
Je faisais la queue parce que j'avais besoin de
billets.
I stood in line because I needed tickets.
Il espérait te voir avant ton départ.
He was hoping to see you before you left.
Background information in conjunction with the passé composé
J'étais au marché et j'ai acheté des pommes.
I was at the market and I bought some
apples.
Il était à la banque quand il l'a trouvé.
He was at the bank when he found it.
Wishes or suggestions
Ah ! Si j'étais riche !
Oh, if only I were rich!
Si nous sortions ce soir ?
How about going out tonight?
Conditions in si clauses
Si j'avais de l'argent, j'irais avec toi.
If I had some money, I would go with you.
S'il voulait venir, il trouverait le moyen.
If he wanted to come, he would find a way.
VII. The expressions être en train de and venir de in the past.
J'étais en train de faire la vaisselle.
I was (in the process of) doing the dishes.
Il venait d'arriver.
He had just arrived.
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French Imperfect ~ Imparfait
Conjugations
The imperfect of all verbs—regular and irregular—is formed by dropping the -ons ending from the present
indicative nous form of the verb and adding the imparfait endings:
je
-ais
nous
-ions
tu
-ais
vous
-iez
il/elle/on
-ait
ils/elles
-aient
Être is the only irregular verb in the imperfect. It has an irregular stem ét- but uses the same endings as all
other verbs. Examples of regular and irregular verbs in the imperfect:
parler
finir
rendre
aller
être
je
parlais
finissais
rendais
allais
étais
tu
parlais
finissais
rendais
allais
étais
il
parlait
finissait
rendait
allait
était
nous
parlions
finissions
rendions
allions
étions
vous
parliez
finissiez
rendiez
alliez
étiez
ils
parlaient
finissaient
rendaient
allaient
étaient
As in many other tenses, verbs which end in -cer and -ger have minor spelling changes in the imperfect:
MANGER
LANCER
je mangeais
nous mangions
je
lançais
nous lancions
tu mangeais
vous mangiez
tu
lançais
vous lanciez
il
ils
il
lançait
ils
mangeait
mangeaient
lançaient
Because a g or a c followed by an a would make a hard g or c sound (like in gave or cave), an e has to be
added after the g and the c has to change to a ç to keep the g soft (like in gel) and the c soft (as in cell).
Note: verbs whose imparfait root ends in an i will end up with double i in the nous and vous form of the
imparfait:
étudier
nous étudions
imparfait root = étudiThus:
j'
étudiais
nous étudiions
tu étudiais
vous étudiiez
il
ils
étudiait
étudiaient
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Le Passé - French Past Tenses
One of the most striking differences between French and English is in verb tenses. Learning how to use the
various past tenses can be very tricky, because English has several tenses which either do not exist in or do
not translate literally into French - and vice versa.
During the first year of French study, every student becomes aware of the troublesome relationship between
the two main past tenses. L'imparfait [je mangeais] translates to the English imperfect [I was eating] while le
passé composé [j'ai mangé] literally translates to the English present perfect [I have eaten] but can also be
translated as the English simple past [I ate] or the emphatic past [I did eat].
It is extremely important to understand the distinctions between passé composé and imparfait in order to use
them correctly and thus express past events accurately. Compare the uses of these two tenses in the following
table.
Imparfait
I.
II.
An ongoing action with no specified
completion
Passé composé
vs One or more events or actions that
began and ended in the past
J'allais en France - I was going to France
Je suis allé en France - I went to France
Je visitais des monuments - I was visiting
monuments
J'ai visité des monuments - I visited
some monuments
A habitual or repeated action
vs A single event
Je voyageais en France tous les ans - I traveled
(used to travel) to France every year
J'ai voyagé en France l'année dernière I traveled in France last year
Je visitais souvent le Louvre - I often visited the
Louvre
J'ai visité Paris samedi - I visited Paris
on Saturday
III. Description/background info; set the scene
of how things were or what was happening
when... (to be + -ing usually indicates this)
+
J'étais à la banque quand...
- I was at the bank when...
... quand Chirac est arrivé.
- ... when Chirac arrived.
Je vivais en Espagne quand...
- I was living in Spain when...
... quand je l'ai trouvé.
- ... when I found it.
IV. General description of physical or mental
state of being
vs Change in physical or mental state
at a precise moment or for an
isolated cause
J'avais peur des chiens - I was afraid of dogs
V.
...when something happened,
interrupting the
description/background.
J'ai eu peur quand le chien a aboyé - I
was scared when the dog barked
Expression of the time of day or age in the past
Il était cinq heures du matin - It was five a.m.
C'était son anniversaire; il avait douze ans - It was his birthday; he was twelve.
Thus l'imparfait describes past situations, while le passé composé narrates specific events. In addition,
l'imparfait can set the stage for an event expressed with the passé composé (see III, above).
Compare the following passages:
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Quand j'avais 15 ans, je voulais être psychiatre.
Je m'intéressais à la psychologie parce que je
connaissais beaucoup de gens très bizarres. Le
week-end, j'allais à la bibliothèque et j'étudiais
pendant toute la journée.
Un jour, je suis tombé malade et j'ai découvert
les miracles de la médecine. J'ai fait la
connaissance d'un médecin et j'ai commencé à
étudier avec lui. Quand la faculté de médecine
m'a accepté, je n'ai plus pensé à la psychologie.
When I was 15, I wanted to be a psychiatrist. I
was interested in psychology because I knew a
lot of really weird people. On the weekends, I
used to go to the library and study all day.
One day, I got sick and discovered the wonders
of medicine. I met a doctor and started studying
with him. After the medical school accepted me, I
didn't think about psychology any more.
The following key words and phrases can help you figure out whether to use l'imparfait or le
passé composé:
L'imparfait
Le passé composé
d'habitude
usually
une/deux (etc.) fois
once/twice (etc.)
de temps en temps
from time to time
plusieurs fois
several times
autrefois
formerly
soudainement
suddenly
le week-end
on the weekends
un week-end
one weekend
le lundi
on Mondays
lundi
on Monday
tous les jours
every day
un jour
one day
normalement
usually
tout d'un coup
all of a sudden
souvent
often
en général
in general, generally
chaque semaine, mois,
année...
every week, month,
year
le soir
in the evenings
Note: There is a third tense, le passé simple, which technically translates to the English simple past tense, but
is now used primarily in writing, in place of the passé composé - learn more.
All About Si
Learn everything about the French word si
By Laura K. Lawless, About.com
The French word si can be an adverb or a conjunction. Either way, si has several meanings and is used in
numerous French constructions.
Si = if
Si is the French word for "if":
Je ne sais pas si je veux y aller
I don't know if I want to go
Dis-moi si ça te conviendra
Tell me if that will work for you
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Et si je ne suis pas fatigué ?
And if I'm not tired?
Si j'étais riche, j'achèterais une maison
If I were rich, I would buy a house
(lesson on si clauses)
Si = so
Si can be used as an intensifier:
Je suis si fatigué
I'm so tired
J'ai si faim
I'm so hungry
Je ne savais pas qu'il était si mignon
I didn't know he was so cute
Si = as, so
Si can make a comparison:
Il n'est pas si intelligent qu'il pense
He's not as smart as he thinks
Ce n'est pas si facile
It's not as easy as that, It's not that easy
Si = while, whereas
Si can put two clauses in opposition:
S'il est beau, sa femme est laide
Whereas he is handsome, his wife is ugly
Si tu es gentil, ton frère est méchant
You're kind, while your brother is mean
Si = however, no matter how
Si can be followed by a subjunctive clause to express a concession:
Si beau qu'il fasse, je ne peux pas sortir
No matter how nice the weather is, I can't go out
Si gentil que tu sois, je ne t'aime pas
However kind you are, I don't love you
Si = yes
Si means "yes" in response to a negative question or statement:
Tu ne vas pas venir ? Si (je vais venir)
You're not going to come? Yes (I am going to come)
N'as-tu pas d'argent ? Si, j'en ai
Don't you have any money? Yes, I do
Jeanne n'est pas prête. Si, si !
Jeanne isn't ready. Yes (she is / I am)!
Si = did I hear correctly, is this what you're asking?
If someone asks a question and you're not sure (or can't believe) you heard correctly, you can request
confirmation or clarification by repeating what you did hear with the word si:
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Si j'ai faim ?
(Are you asking) if I'm hungry?
(You couldn't really hear the question)
Si je veux quoi ?
You're asking if I want what?
(You're not sure you heard correctly; you heard "Do you want a free TV?")
Si j'ai combien d'enfants ?
You're asking if I have how many kids?
(You didn't hear "how many," or you heard "Do you have 7 kids?")
Et si = what if, how about
In informal French, et si is often tacked on the beginning of a suggestion (with the verb in the imperfect):
Et si on allait au ciné ?
How about going to the movies?
Et si tu amenais ton frère ?
Why don't you bring your brother?
Et si on parlait d'amour ?
What if we talked about love?
French future perfect
Futur antérieur
By Laura K. Lawless, About.com
The French future perfect is most commonly used like the English future perfect: to describe an action that will
have happened or will be finished by a specific point in the future.
J'aurai mangé à midi.
I will have eaten at noon.
Quand tu arriveras, il l'aura déjà fait.
When you arrive, he will already have done it.
Elle lui aura parlé demain.
She will have talked to him (by) tomorrow.
Dans un mois, nous serons partis.
In a month, we will have left.
There are three uses of the French future perfect that don't correspond to the English future perfect:
1. In subordinate clauses that begin with the conjunctions aussitôt que, dès que, lorsque, quand, une fois que,
and après que, the future perfect is used to express a future action which will be completed before the action in
the main clause. In English, a present tense or past tense would be used here.
Quand je serai descendu, tu pourras me le montrer.
When I have come down, you can show it to me.
Nous le ferons aussitôt qu'elle sera arrivée.
We'll do it as soon as she arrives / has arrived.
2. The future perfect can make simple assumptions regarding past events, where the English modal verb
"must" would be used in conjunction with the past perfect:
Pierre n'est pas ici ; il aura oublié.
Pierre isn't here; he must have forgotten.
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Luc est heureux ; il aura gagné.
Luc is happy; he must have won.
3. In historical narratives, the events of a person's life can be described with the future perfect even though
those events have long since passed. In English, these might be translated by a past tense or conditional:
Napoléon aura pris une décision importante.
Napoleon made / would make an important decision.
George Sand aura écrit le roman La Mare au Diable en quatre jours.
George Sand wrote / would go on to write the novel La Mare au Diable in four days.
Futur - French Future Tense
Conjugations
The future and conditional are, in my opinion, the simplest French tenses. There is only one set of endings for
each of them, and most verbs - even many which are irregular in the present tense - use their infinitive as the
root.
To form the future tense of -ER and -IR verbs, add the appropriate ending to the infinitive. For -RE verbs,
drop the final E before adding the ending.
Singular
Plural
1st person
je
-ai
nous
-ons
2nd person
tu
-as
vous
-ez
3rd person
il
-a
ils
-ont
The only irregular future conjugations occur in about two dozen verbs which have irregular stems but use the
same future endings listed above. Here are the French verbs with irregular conditional stems:*
Verb
Future stem
Similar verbs
acheter
achèter-
achever, amener, emmener, lever, promener
appeler
appeller-
épeler, jeter, projeter, rappeler
aller
ir-
avoir
aur-
devoir
devr-
envoyer enverressayer essaierêtre
ser-
faire
fer-
employer, ennuyer, nettoyer, payer
pleuvoir pleuvrpouvoir
pourr-
savoir
saur-
venir
viendr-
revenir, devenir, parvenir
voir
verr-
revoir
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vouloir
voudr-
*Notes:
1.
2.
The exact same verbs are irregular in conditional conjugations.
The future stem always ends in R.
Here are examples of -ER, -IR, -RE, and irregular verbs in the future tense:
parler
choisir
rendre
aller
je
parlerai
choisirai
rendrai
irai
tu
parleras
choisiras
rendras
iras
il/elle/on
parlera
choisira
rendra
ira
nous
parlerons
choisirons
rendrons
irons
vous
parlerez
choisirez
rendrez
irez
ils/elles
parleront
choisiront
rendront
iront
Futur - French Future Tense
Using the French Future
In French, there are two ways to express an event that will occur in the future: le futur and le futur proche.
Le futur is used for upcoming events. It is usually translated as will.
J'irai au magasin demain - I will go to the store tomorrow.
Ils mangeront sur l'avion - They will eat on the plane.
After après que (after), aussitôt que (as soon as), dès que (as soon as), espérer que (to hope that), lorsque
(when), quand (when), and une fois que (once), when the action of the verb is in the future, the future tense
is used in French, whereas in English the present tense is used.
Quand il arrivera, nous mangerons. - When he arrives, we will eat.
Je vous téléphonerai dès que je pourrai. - I'll call you as soon as I can.
Quand vs Lorsque
All about conjunctions
Le futur can also be used in si clauses.
Si j'ai le temps, je le ferai - If I have time, I will do it.
Je le ferai si j'ai le temps - I will do it if I have time.
In journalism and other factual narration, the future is often used even though the events are in the past.
Né en Martinique, Aimé Césaire étudiera à Paris et redécouvrira l'Afrique - Born in Martinique, Aimé Césaire
studied in Paris and rediscovered Africa.
Le futur is used for polite orders and requests, in place of the vous form of the imperative - learn more.
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Le futur proche is used when the upcoming event is to occur in the near future. It is usually translated as
going to. It is formed by simply conjugating the verb aller (to go) and adding the infinitive of the action that is
about to occur.
Je vais aller au magasin - I'm going to go to the store
Ils vont manger dans 5 minutes - They are going to eat in 5 minutes
The distinction between le futur and le futur proche is not always clear - there are many situations where you
can use either one.
French Demonstrative Adjectives
Adjectifs démonstratifs (halaman 49 Campus 1)
Demonstrative adjectives (this, that, these, those) are words which indicate a specific noun. In French,
they must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify:
singular plural
masculine


ce
ces
masc before vowel cet
ces
feminine
ces
cette
Ce becomes cet in front of a masculine noun that begins with a vowel or mute h (learn more): c' is
not a demonstrative adjective.
Ces is the only plural demonstrative adjective: cettes does not exist.
Ce prof parle trop.
This (That) teacher talks too much.
Cet homme est sympa.
This (That) man is nice.
Cet étudiant comprend.
This (That) student understands.
Cette fille est perdue.
This (That) girl is lost.
Ces livres sont stupides.
These (Those) books are stupid.
The singular demonstrative adjectives ce, cet, and cette can all mean this or that, depending on the context;
the plural ces can mean these or those. In order to distinguish between this and that, these and those, you
can use the suffixes -ci (here) and -là (there).
Ce prof-ci parle trop.
This teacher talks too much.
Ce prof-là est sympa.
That teacher is nice.
Cet étudiant-ci comprend.
This student understands.
Cette fille-là est perdue.
That girl is lost.
Ces fleurs-ci sont plus jolies que ces fleurs-là.
These flowers are prettier than those flowers.
French Possession
Learn the four ways to express possession in French
There are four grammatical constructions used to express possession in French:
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1.
2.
3.
4.
possessive
possessive
possessive
possessive
de
à
adjectives
pronouns
The following is a summary of the different French constructions used to express possession, with links to
detailed information.
Possessive de
The preposition de is used with a noun or a name in place of the 's or s' in English.
John's book - le livre de Jean
the girls' room - la chambre des filles
Possessive à
The preposition à is used with the verb être in front of stressed pronouns. This construction emphasizes the
ownership of the object.
The book is his - Le livre est à lui
It's a book of his - C'est un livre à lui
Possessive adjectives (lihat halaman 54 Campus 1)
Possessive adjectives are the words used in place of articles to indicate to whom or to what something
belongs. The English equivalents are my, your, his, her, its, our, and their.
It's his book - C'est son livre
Here's your book - Voici ton livre
Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns are the words which replace a possessive adjective + noun. The English equivalents
are mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs.
This book... is it yours or his ? - Ce livre... c'est le tien ou le sien ?
French Direct and indirect speech
Discours direct et indirect
In French, there are two different ways to express the words of another person: direct speech (or direct style)
and indirect speech (indirect style).
Direct speech is very simple: the exact words of the original speaker are reported in quotes.
Paul dit : « J'aime les fraises ».
Paul says, "I like strawberries."
Lise répond : « Jean les déteste ».
Lisa replies, "Jean hates them."
« Jean est stupide » déclare Paul.*
"Jean is stupid" Paul declares.
*Inversion with direct speech
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In indirect speech, the original speaker's words are reported without quotes in a subordinate clause
(introduced by que).
Paul dit qu'il aime les fraises.
Paul says that he loves strawberries.
Lise répond que Jean les déteste.
Lisa replies that Jean hates them.
Paul déclare que Jean est stupide.
Paul declares that Jean is stupid.
There are many verbs (called reporting verbs) that can be used to introduce indirect speech:
affirmer
to assert
ajouter
to add
annoncer
to announce
crier
to shout
déclarer
to declare
dire
to say
expliquer
to explain
insister
to insist
prétendre
to claim
proclamer
to proclaim
répondre
to answer
soutenir
to maintain
Indirect speech tends to be more complicated than direct speech, because it requires certain changes (in both
English and French). Go on to Part II.
French Indirect Speech
Discours indirect
Indirect speech is more complicated than direct speech, because it requires certain grammatical changes (in
both English and French).
1. Personal pronouns and possessives may need to be changed:
DS David déclare : « Je veux voir ma mère ». David declares, "I want to see my mother."
IS
David déclare qu'il veut voir sa mère.
David declares that he wants to see his mother.
2. Verb conjugations need to change to agree with the new subject:
DS David déclare : « Je veux voir ma mère ».
David declares, "I want to see my mother."
IS
David declares that he wants to see his mother.
David déclare qu'il veut voir sa mère.
3. In the above examples, there is no change in tenses because the statements are in the present. However, if
the main clause is in the past tense, the verb tense of the subordinate clause may also need to change:
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DS David a déclaré : « Je veux voir ma mère
».
David declared, "I want to see my mother."
IS
David declared that he wanted to see his
mother.
David a déclaré qu'il voulait voir sa mère.
The following chart shows the correlation between verb tenses in direct and indirect speech; use it to
determine how to rewrite direct speech as indirect speech or vice versa. Présent/Imparfait to Imparfait is by
far the most common - you don't need to worry too much about the rest.
Main verb
Subordinate verb may change...
Direct speech
A
U
P
A
S
S
É
«-» Indirect speech
Présent or Imparfait
Imparfait
Passé composé or Plus-que-parfait
Plus-que-parfait
Futur or Conditionnel
Conditionnel
Futur antérieur or Conditionnel passé Conditionnel passé
Subjonctif
Subjonctif
Au présent
no change
Inversion - Uses of French Inversion
In French, the normal order of words is subject (noun or pronoun) + verb: Il doit. Inversion is when the
normal word order is inverted to verb + subject and, in the case of a pronoun being inverted, joined by a
hyphen: Doit-il. There are a number of different uses of inversion.
I.
II.
Interrogation - Inversion is commonly used to ask questions.
Mangeons-nous de la salade ?
Are we eating salad?
A-t-il un ami à la banque ?*
Does he have a friend at the bank?
Incidental clauses - Inversion is required when using a short clause to offset speech or
thought.
A. Direct speech - Verbs like to say, to ask, and to think that set off direct speech.
B.
« Je vois, dit-il, que c'était une bonne
idée ».*
"I see," he says, "that it was a good idea."
« Avez-vous un stylo ? » a-t-elle demandé.
"Do you have a pen?" she asked.
Remarks, thoughts - Verbs like to appear and to seem used to set off remarks or
thoughts.
Ils ont, paraît-il, d'autres choses à faire.
They have, it appears, other things to do.
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Anne était, me semble-t-il, assez nerveuse.
Anne was, it seems to me, rather nervous.
III. Adverbs and adverbial phrases - When found at the beginning of a clause, inversion varies
according to the specific adverb.
A. Required inversion - After à peine, aussi, du moins, rarement, toujours (only with être),
and vainement
B.
C.
IV.
Toujours est-il qu'elles doivent lire ces
articles.
Nevertheless, they need to read these
articles./
The fact remains that they need to.../
Be that as it may, they still need to...
C'est cher ; du moins fait-il du bon travail.
It's expensive, (but) at least he does good
work.
Inversion or que - Must use one or the other after combien + adverb, peut-être, and
sans doute
Sans doute avez-vous faim/
Sans doute que vous avez faim.
Of course you must be hungry.
Peut-être étudient-ils à la bibliothèque/
Peut-être qu'ils étudient à la bibliothèque.
Maybe they're studying at the library.
Optional inversion - After the adverbs ainsi, en vain, and (et) encore
Ainsi a-t-elle trouvé son chien/
Ainsi elle a trouvé son chien.
That's how she found her dog.
En vain ont-ils cherché son portefeuille/
En vain ils ont cherché son portefeuille.
In vain, they searched for his wallet.
Miscellaneous - Inversion is optional in the following structures:
A. Relative pronouns - When a noun phrase follows a relative pronoun.
B.
C.
Voici le livre dont dépendent mes amis Luc
et Michel./
Voici le livre dont mes amis Luc et Michel
dépendent.
Here's the book upon which my friends
depend.
Here's the book that my friends depend on.
Ce qu'ont fait les enfants de Sylvie est
terrible./
Ce que les enfants de Sylvie ont fait est
terrible.
What Sylvie's kids did is terrible.
Comparisons - After the que in a comparison, especially with a noun phrase.
Il est plus beau que n'avait pensé la soeur
de Lise./*
Il est plus beau que la soeur de Lise n'avait
pensé.
He is more handsome than Lise's sister had
thought.
C'est moins cher que n'ont dit les étudiants
de M. Sibek./
C'est moins cher que les étudiants de M.
Sibek n'ont dit.
It's cheaper than Mr. Sibek's students said.
Emphasis - Subject and verb may be inverted to emphasize the subject (rare)
Sonnent les cloches./
Les cloches sonnent.
The bells are ringing.
A été indiquée la prononciation des mots
difficiles./
The pronunciation of difficult words has been
indicated.
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La prononciation des mots difficiles a été
indiquée.
*
Notes
1.
Third person singular - If the verb ends in a vowel, t- must be placed between the verb
and pronoun for euphony.
Parle-t-on allemand ici ?
Does anyone speak German here?
Peut-être a-t-il trouvé mon sac à dos.
Maybe he found my backpack.
2.
Incidental clauses and French punctuation
3.
Optional inversion - Generally speaking, use inversion for formality, avoid it for
familiarity (see I, III B, III C, and IV, above).
4.
Ne explétif - The ne used in comparisons (IV B)
5.
Pronouns only - Normally only pronouns can be inverted. When the subject is a noun,
you must add a pronoun for the inversion.**
Est-ce possible ?
Ce projet, est-ce possible ?
À peine est-il arrivé...
À peine mon frère est-il arrivé...
** Exceptions: In the following cases, a noun may be inverted, but the inversion is not
joined by a hyphen.
a. In direct speech (II A): If the verb is in the present tense, the noun/name and verb
can be inverted.
« Je vois, dit Jacques, que c'était une
bonne idée ».
"I see," Jacques says, "that it was a good
idea."
b. For formality (IV): noun clauses may be inverted to make the sentence more formal.
6.
Liaisons are required between inverted subjects and verbs.
French Relative Pronouns
Pronoms relatifs
Just as in English, a French relative pronoun links a dependent/relative clause (i.e., a clause that cannot
stand alone) to a main clause. Que, qui, lequel, dont, and où are the French relative pronouns. There are no
standard translations for these words; depending on context, the English equivalents are who, whom, that,
which, whose, where, or when.
Note that in French, relative pronouns are required, whereas in English, they are sometimes optional.
Que replaces the direct object (person or thing) in the dependent clause.
J'ai acheté le livre. Ma soeur l'a écrit. J'ai acheté le livre que ma soeur a écrit. - I bought the book (that) my
sister wrote.
Qui est le peintre ? Je l'ai vu aujourd'hui. Qui est le peintre que j'ai vu aujourd'hui ? - Who is the painter (that)
I saw today?
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Qui replaces the subject (person or thing) in the dependent clause. Note that qui does not always translate as
"who."
Je cherche l'artiste. Il étudie à Paris. Je cherche l'artiste qui étudie à Paris. I'm looking for the artist (who is)
studying in Paris.
Trouvez le chat. Il habite dans la cave. Trouvez le chat qui habite dans la cave. Find the cat that lives in the
basement.
Qui also replaces an indirect object (person only) after a preposition (except de - see dont), including
prepositions which are required after a given verb or expression.
C'est la femme avec qui je travaille. - That's the woman with whom I work. (That's the woman I work with.)
La fille à qui j'ai parlé est très sympathique. - The girl to whom I spoke is very nice. (The girl [that] I spoke
to...)
L'étudiant contre qui je me suis assis... - The student next to whom I sat... (The student [that] I sat next
to...)
Lequel or one of its variations replaces an object of a preposition (thing only; except de - see dont).
Le livre dans lequel j'ai écrit mon nom... - The book in which I wrote my name...
Les idées auxquelles j'ai pensé... - The ideas that I thought about...
More about lequel
Dont replaces the person or thing after de
Où est le reçu ? J'ai besoin du reçu. Où est le reçu dont j'ai besoin ? - Where is the receipt (that) I need?
C'est la femme. J'ai parlé de la femme. C'est la femme dont j'ai parlé. - That's the woman (that) I talked
about.
Dont also indicates possession
Voici l'homme. Sa valise est dans la voiture. Voici l'homme dont la valise est dans la voiture. - That's the man
whose suitcase is in the car.
Où is used for both place and time
La boulangerie où j'ai travaillé est à côté de la banque. - The bakery where I worked is next to the bank. (The
bakery [that] I worked at...)
Lundi, c'est le jour où nous faisons les achats. - Monday is the day that we do our shopping.
Prépositions - French Prepositions
Prepositions are words which link two related parts of a sentence. They are placed in front of nouns in order
to indicate a relationship between that noun and the verb, adjective, or noun that precedes it. These pages will
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help you to understand French prepositions. Click on the underlined prepositions for specific information about
meaning, usage, and more.
à
to, at, in
à côté de
next to, beside
après
after
au sujet de
about, on the subject of
avant
before
avec
with
chez
at the home/office of, among
contre
against
dans
in
d'après
according to
de
from, of, about
depuis
since, for
derrière
in back of, behind
devant
in front of
durant
during, while
en
in, on, to
en dehors de
outside of
en face de
facing, across from
entre
between
envers
toward
environ
approximately
hors de
outside of
jusque
until, up to, even
loin de
far from
malgré
despite
par
by, through
parmi
among
pendant
during
pour
for
près de
near
quant à
as for, regarding
sans
without
selon
according to
sous
under
suivant
according to
sur
on
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vers
toward
French Pronouns
Les Pronoms
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns. There are a lot of different kinds of pronouns, which can make it
very confusing to try to figure out what's what. This summary will give you an idea of the different kinds of
French pronouns and includes links to detailed lessons and quizzes.
Personal pronouns
Don't take it personally - personal simply means that these pronouns change according to the grammatical
person that they represent.
Subject Direct Object Indirect Object Reflexive Stressed
je
me*
me*
me*
moi
tu
te*
te*
te*
toi
il
elle
on
le
la
lui
se
lui
elle
soi
nous
nous
nous
nous
nous
vous
vous
vous
vous
vous
ils
elles
les
leur
se
eux
elles
*In the imperative, me and te sometimes change to moi and toi - learn more.
Impersonal pronouns
These aren't as cold as they sound - impersonal here simply means that these pronouns do not change
according to grammatical person; however, some of them change to agree in gender and number with the noun
that they replace.
Adverbials
replace à + noun or de + noun
Demonstratives
refer to a previously mentioned noun celui, celle, ceux, celles
Indefinite
Demonstratives
have no specific antecedent
ce, ceci, cela, ça
Indefinites
are unspecific
autre, certain, plusieurs...
Interrogatives
ask who, what, or which one
qui, que, lequel
Negatives
negate the noun that they replace
ne... personne, ne... rien...
Possessives
replace possessive adjective + noun
mien, tien, sien...
Relatives
link clauses
qui, que, dont...
Indefinite Relatives link clauses but are unspecific
y, en
ce qui, ce que, ce dont...
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Y - French Pronoun
French Adverbial Pronouns ~ Pronoms adverbiaux
The French adverbial pronouns y and en are so tiny that one might think their role in a sentence is not very
important, but in fact quite the opposite is true. They are both extremely important in French.
Y refers to a previously mentioned or implied place; it is normally translated by "there" in English. Y usually
replaces a prepositional phrase beginning with something like à, chez, or dans.
Are you going to the bank today? No, I'm going (there) tomorrow.
Tu vas à la banque aujourd'hui ? Non, j'y vais demain.
We're going to the store. Do you want to go (there)?
Nous allons au magasin. Tu veux y aller ?
He was at Jean's house. He was there.
Il était chez Jean. Il y était.
Note that "there" can often be omitted in English, but y can never be omitted in French. Je vais (I'm going) is
not a complete sentence in French; if you don't follow the verb with a place, you have to say J'y vais.
Y can also replace à + a noun that is not a person,* such as with verbs that need à. Note that in French, you
must include either à + something or its replacement y, even though the equivalent may be optional in English.
You cannot replace the noun with an object pronoun.
I'm responding to a letter. I'm responding (to it).
Je réponds à une lettre. J'y réponds.
Wrong: Je réponds, Je la réponds.
He's thinking about our trip. He's thinking about it.
Il pense à notre voyage. Il y pense.
Wrong: Il pense, Il le pense.
You have to obey the law. You have to obey it.
Tu dois obéir à la loi. Tu dois y obéir.
Wrong: Tu dois obéir, Tu dois l'obéir.
Yes, I attended the meeting. Yes, I attended (it).
Oui, j'ai assisté à la réunion. Oui, j'y ai assisté.
Wrong: Oui, j'ai assisté, Oui, je l'ai assisté.
I'm going to think about your proposal. I'm going to think about it.
Je vais réfléchir à votre proposition. Je vais y réfléchir.
Wrong: Je vais réfléchir, Je vais la réfléchir.
*À + person may only be replaced by an indirect object.
Note that y usually cannot replace à + verb.
I hesitate to tell the truth. I hesitate to tell it.
J'hésite à dire la vérité. J'hésite à la dire.
Wrong: J'y hésite.
I continue to read Balzac. I continue to read him.
Je continue à lire Balzac. Je continue à le lire.
Wrong: J'y continue.
Y is also found in the expression il y a
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En - French Pronoun
French Adverbial Pronouns ~ Pronoms adverbiaux
The French adverbial pronouns y and en are so tiny that one might think their role in a sentence is not very
important, but in fact quite the opposite is true. They are both extremely important in French.
En replaces the partitive article + noun or de + indefinite article + noun. It is equivalent to "some," "any," or
"one" in English.
Do you have any bread? Yes, I have some.
As-tu du pain ? Oui, j'en ai.
He wants an apple. He wants one.
Il a envie d'une pomme. Il en a envie.
I don't need an assistant. I don't need one.
Je n'ai pas besoin d'un aide. Je n'en ai pas besoin.
In a sentence with a modifier, such as an adverb of quantity or a number, plus noun, en replaces the noun and
the modifier or number is placed at the end of the sentence. Note that "of it" and "of them" are usually optional
in English, but en is required in French.
There are a lot of rooms. There are a lot (of them).
Il y a beaucoup de chambres. Il y en a beaucoup.
I don't have enough money. I don't have enough (of it).
Je n'ai pas assez d'argent. Je n'en ai pas assez.
I'd like two books. I'd like two (of them).
Je voudrais deux livres. J'en voudrais deux.
We bought 10 notebooks. We bought 10 (of them).
Nous avons acheté 10 cahiers. Nous en avons acheté 10.
En also replaces de + noun with verbs and expressions that need de. Again, in French, you must include either
de + something or its replacement en, even though "about/of it" is usually optional in English.
What do you think about my idea? What do you think (about it)?
Que penses-tu de mon idée ? Qu'en penses-tu ?
Wrong: Que penses-tu ?
What are the consequences of this decision? What are the consequences (of it)?
Quelles sont les conséquences de cette décision ? Quelles en sont les conséquences ?
Wrong: Quelles sont les conséquences ?
Note that en usually cannot replace de + verb.
I decided to accept his offer. I decided to accept it.
J'ai décidé d'accepter son offre. J'ai décidé de l'accepter.
Wrong: J'en ai décidé.
I forgot to wash the car. I forgot to wash it.
J'ai oublié de laver la voiture. J'ai oublié de la laver.
Wrong: J'en ai oublié.
Note that en is also a preposition.
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All about Faire
Everything you need to know about the irregular French verb faire
By Laura K. Lawless, About.com
Faire is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular in conjugation and literally means "to do" or "to
make." Faire is also used in numerous idiomatic expressions and in the causative construction.
To Do / To Make
Faire means "to do" and "to make" in most senses that these verbs are used in English:
Je fais la lessive - I'm doing the laundry
Je fais mes devoirs - I'm doing my homework
Je fais du bricolage - I do odd jobs / DIY
Je fais un gâteau - I'm making a cake
Je fais des projets - I'm making plans
Je fais des progrès - I'm making progress
Notes

When "to make" is followed by an adjective, it is translated by rendre:
That makes me happy - Ça me rend heureux

"To make a decision" is translated by prendre une décision:
I made a decision - J'ai pris une décision

Lesson on translating "to make"
Expressions with Faire
Faire is used in a number of idiomatic expressions, including some related to weather, sports, and math.
Il fait du soleil - It's sunny
Il fait froid - It's cold out.
Je fais du ski - I ski.
Je fais du golf - I golf.
Deux et deux font quatre - Two plus two equals (makes) four.
Je fais de l'autostop - I'm hitchhiking.
Il fait à sa tête - He acts impulsively.
Ça fait parti de notre projet - That's part of our plan.
Causative
The causative construction faire + infinitive is used to describe when someone/something has something done,
makes someone do something, or causes something to happen.
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Je fais laver la voiture - I'm having the car washed.
Il m'a fait laver la voiture - He made me wash the car.
Le froid fait geler l'eau - Cold makes water freeze.
Conjugations
Present tense
je fais
tu fais
il fait
nous faisons
vous faites
ils font
Present
Future
Imperfect
Present participle
je
fais
ferai
faisais
faisant
tu
fais
feras
faisais
il
fait
fera
faisait
nous
faisons
ferons
faisions
Auxiliary verb
avoir
vous
faites
ferez
faisiez
Past participle
fait
ils
font
feront
faisaient
Passé composé
Subjunctive
Conditional
Passé simple
Imperfect subjunctive
je
fasse
ferais
fis
fisse
tu
fasses
ferais
fis
fisses
il
fasse
ferait
fit
fît
nous
fassions
ferions
fîmes
fissions
vous
fassiez
feriez
fîtes
fissiez
ils
fassent
feraient
firent
fissent
Imperative
(tu)
fais
Faire is irregular and is one of the most common French verbs
(nous) faisons
(vous) faites
http://french.about.com/library/bl_timelinee.htm
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