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.com Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________ Student Exploration: Element Builder What Happens When Atoms Change? Part 1 Vocabulary: atom, atomic number, electron, element, isotope, mass number, neutron, nucleus, periodic table, proton, valence electrons Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. What are the three particles that make up an atom? _______________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the mass of each particle? ______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the charge of each particle? _____________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Predict how an atom will change if it gains or loses neutrons. ________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Predict how an atom will stay the same if it gains or loses neutrons. ____________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Elements are pure substances that are made up of one kind of atom. Pizza is not an element because it is a mixture of many substances. Water is a pure substance, but it contains two different kinds of atoms: oxygen and hydrogen. Iron is an element because it is composed of one kind of atom. Gizmo Warm-up Atoms are tiny particles of matter that are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The Element Builder Gizmo™ shows an atom with a single proton. The proton is located in the center of the atom, called the nucleus. 1. Use the arrow buttons ( ) to add protons, neutrons, and electrons to the atom. Press Play ( ). A. Which particles are located in the nucleus? _________________________________ B. Which particles orbit around the nucleus? __________________________________ 2. Turn on Show element name. What particle causes the element name to change? _________________________________________________________________________ Get the Gizmo ready: Activity A: Isotopes Use the arrows to create an atom with two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons. Turn on Show element name. Question: What are the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons? 1. Observe: Turn on Show element symbol and Element notation. Three numbers surround the element symbol: the mass number (4), electrical charge (no number is displayed if the atom is neutral), and the atomic number (2). 2. Investigate: Watch how the numbers change as you add or remove particles. A. Which number is equal to the number of protons in the atom? __________________ B. How can you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom? ____________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Analyze: An isotope is an atom that has gained or lost neutrons. You are going to use the Gizmo to investigate how an atom changes and stays the same when it forms an isotope. A. Set up your Gizmo to look like a Bohr model for Lithium (Li). Record the: # of p+ _______ # of n ________ # of e- ________ B. Click on the show element name, show element symbol, and element notation boxes to check your Bohr model. What is the atomic number? _________ What is the mass? ___________ Does this match the information on your Periodic Table? __________ If no, fix the Gizmo so your model is correct. If yes, move on to the next step. C. Remove a neutron from the model. Record the: # of p+ _______ # of n ________ # of e- ________ What is the atomic number? _________ What is the mass? ___________ What are TWO things that changed about the atom after it lost a neutron? ________ ___________________________________________________________________ What are FIVE things that stayed the same after the atom lost its neutron? _______ ___________________________________________________________________ D. Set up your Gizmo to look like a Bohr model for Oxygen (O). Record the: # of p+ _______ # of n ________ # of e- ________ E. Click on the show element name, show element symbol, and element notation boxes to check your Bohr model. What is the atomic number? _________ What is the mass? ___________ Does this match the information on your Periodic Table? __________ If no, fix the Gizmo so your model is correct. If yes, move on to the next step. F. Add two neutrons to the model. Record the: # of p+ _______ # of n ________ # of e- ________ What is the atomic number? _________ What is the mass? ___________ What are TWO things that changed about the atom after it lost a neutron? ________ ___________________________________________________________________ What are FIVE things that stayed the same after the atom lost a neutron? ________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Conclude: We use the atomic symbol to represent an atom. For an isotope, we use the atomic symbol followed by a hyphen and the new mass number. For example: The element Boron is B, and the isotope of Boron is B-10. A. Write the isotope notation for the isotope of Lithium that you formed. ________________ B. In three steps, write how you could you use this notation to complete a particle inventory for the isotope. Step 1: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Step 2: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Step 3: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ C. Using your steps, what is the particle inventory for the Lithium isotope? p+:_______, e-: ________, n: _______ D. Write the isotope notation for the isotope of Oxygen that you formed. _______________ E. Using your steps, what is the particle inventory for the Oxygen isotope? p+:_______, e-: ________, n: _______ F. How does your prediction in #4 and #5 on page 1 differ from the actual differences and similarities between an atom and its isotopes (C and F on Pgs. 3-4)? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________