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Transcript
Unit 6 Vocabulary – Evolution TERM DEFINITION Adaptation An alteration in an organism’s characteristics that better enables it to survive in its environment Anatomical Homologies Similar anatomical structures that exist between species and can be identified as a link to a common ancestor Ancestry An organism’s lineage of descendants Biodiversity The total variation of species within a given ecosystem Biogeography Study of past and present geographical distribution of species Charles Darwin Scientist who identified the process of natural selection; Darwin studied finches on the Galapagos Islands Developmental Homologies Embryonic similarities between organisms of different species Evolution A change in the gene pool of a population that results in a successive change over time Fitness The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce Fossil Record The total number of fossils, and their locations in rock formations and sedimentary layers which provides information about those organisms Gene Flow The movement of genes into and out of a population due to interbreeding between different populations Gene Pool The total number of alleles for each gene that is available within a population Genetic Drift Random changes in the frequency of alleles within a gene pool; greater effect on small populations Genetic Variation The variety of gene combinations that exist within a population Gradualism The theory that species evolve slowly and gradually over extended periods of time Homology Two characteristics that are similar because they originated from a common ancestor Limiting Factor A biotic or abiotic environmental factor that restricts the growth of a population Migration A response to changes in an ecosystem that results in entire populations moving from one ecosystem to another Molecular Homologies DNA and RNA similarities between organisms Natural Selection A mechanism of evolution. The process that results in the survival or reproductive fitness of an individual or group that is best adapted to their environment (survival of the fittest). Overpopulation More organisms in an area than an ecosystem can support Population All of the organisms of one species within a particular ecosystem Recombination The process by which genetic material from different individuals becomes combined Reproductive Success An organism’s ability to pass on its genes Speciation An evolutionary event that results in the formation of a new species Stasis Describes a long period of time in which little or no change occurs within a species Vestigial Structure The remnants of a structure that is no longer needed