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Transcript
Chapter 1 Name:______________________ THE ATMOSPHERE 1.1 THE AIR AROUND YOU 1. Weather is ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the Earth’s atmosphere?____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What makes conditions on Earth suitable for living?__________________________________ 4. List three ways it makes life livable? A._______________________________________________________________________ B.________________________________________________________________________ C.________________________________________________________________________ 5. List the gases in the atmosphere by order 1.________________________________________ _____________________________________ and briefly three of 2.______________________________________ three’s importance. ____________________________________ 3._______________________________________ _______________________________________ ________________________________________ _______________________________________ 6. What is water vapor?____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Is the amount of water vapor the same everywhere?___________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 1.2 - AIR QUALITY 1. Pollutants are__________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Name 4 places pollutants come from._______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are particles?_____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 1 4. Name two places particles come from and give an example of each. _______________________ __________________________________________ _______________________ __________________________________________ 5. How is photochemical smog made?________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. How can photochemical smog be harmful?___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Acid Rains is when _____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 8. How is acid rain harmful?________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Has air quality improved or gotten worse in the past 30 years? Why?_____________________, _______________________________________________________________________________ 1.3 AIR PRESSURE 1. Does air have Mass? (Weight)____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What other properties does air have?_______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3.What is density?(Formula)________________________________________________________ 4. What is air pressure?_____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is a barometer?____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. Explain how a mercury barometer work?___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. Using the picture below, explain how altitude affects air pressure? A._________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ B._________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 2 8. Where is air pressure greater, Mt. Everest or Death Valley? Why?_____________________, ____________________________________________________________________________ 1.4 –LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE 1. What are the four major layers of the atmosphere?__________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Layers of the Atmosphere EXOSPHERE________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ THERMOSPHERE___________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________ MESOSPHERE______________ ___________________________ __________________________ STRATOSPHERE____________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ TROPOSPHERE_____________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ 3 Chapter 2 - Weather Factors 1. Where does the Earth get most of our energy?____________________________________________ 2. This energy comes in electromagnetic waves which are classified according to what?____________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Name and describe some types of the electromagnetic waves. _______________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ ________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ ________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 4. Label the picture below and describe what happens to the sun’s rays as it hits the atmosphere. 1.________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ 2.________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ 3.________________ __________________ __________________ 4.________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ 4 5. What is the greenhouse effect?_________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2.2 Heat Transfer 1. Is matter (molecules) constantly moving?________________________________________________ 2. What is thermal energy?______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Air temperature is usually measured with what?___________________________________________ 4. Name and give an example of the scales used on a thermometer. _________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ _________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ 5. Name and describe the 3 types of heat transfer. _______________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ _______________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ ________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 6. Label the pictures below with conduction, convection, and radiation(2). 5 2.3 Wind 1. What causes the wind?_______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Wind speed is measured with a __________________________________________________ 3. Explain what wind-chill factor is.______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What are local winds and how are they caused?___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Label the pictures below: 6. Explain what global winds are._________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is the Coriolis Effect?___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Label the describe the global winds below. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 9. What is a jet stream?_________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6 2.4 Water in the Atmosphere 1. Label and describe the picture below. 1._____________________________________ 2._____________________________________ 3._____________________________________ 4._____________________________________ 5.____________________________________ 2. What is humidity?___________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is relative humidity?____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What instrument do you measure relative humidity with?____________________________________ 5. Describe how clouds form.____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What causes rain?__________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Describe Leeward and Windward: Leeward________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Windward______________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ ______________________________________ 7 8. List and describe the main types of clouds in the picture below. Cirrus__________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ alto-___________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ stratus_________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ cumulonimbus___________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ cumulus________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 2.5 Precipitation 1. Describe 5 common types of precipitation. ______________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ _______________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ______________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2. Describe what and how a rain gauge works. works._______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is a drought?__________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Chapter 3 - Weather Patterns Air Masses and Fronts 1. What is an air mass?_________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the following air masses: Tropical ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Polar ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Maritime ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Continental ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3. What are the 4 major types of air masses?________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the difference between Maritime Polar and Continental Polar?_________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Hot, dry air masses come from what type of air mass?______________________________________ 6. What moves Air Masses?_____________________________________________________________ 7. Label and describe the following air fronts A.___________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ B.___________________________ _________________________________________ __________________________________________ C.____________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ D._____________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 9 8. How is a cyclone different than a anticyclone?___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3.2 STORMS 1. What is a violent disturbance in the atmosphere?___________________________________________ 2. Describe the types of some Storms Below: Thunderstorms Forms - ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Lightning/Thunder -___________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Safety - ____________________________________________________ Tornadoes - ___________________________________________________________ Forms -_____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Safety - ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Hurricanes ___________________________________________________________ Forms - ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Eye of the Hurricane - _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Safety - ____________________________________________________ Winter Storms - ___________________________________________________________ Forms - ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Safety - ____________________________________________________ 3.3 FLOODS 1. What is a Flash Flood?______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why does a flash flood happen?______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What should you do during a flash flood?_______________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 10 3.4 PREDICTING THE WEATHER 1. What is the person called who studies/predicts weather?___________________________________ 2. Where do they get their information?____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is El Nino?____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Reading a Weather Map: 4. How do Isobars and isotherms differ?___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Label the figures below. Wind Speed – ___________________ Wind Direction - _________________ Cloud Coverage - ________________ Temperature - ____________________ 6. What is the Butterfly Effect?________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 4 Climate and Climate Change 4.1 What causes Climate 1. What is the difference between weather and climate?_____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 11 2. What two factors affect climate?______________________________________________________ 3.Temperature is affected by different things. Describe how each of the following affect the climate. Latitude -____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Altitude - ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Oceans/Lakes - ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Ocean Currents - _______________________________________________________________ 4. Precipitation is also affected by different factors. Describe how each of the following affect the temp. Prevailing Winds - _____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Mountain Ranges - _____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5. What is a microclimate?______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Is seasons a result of changes in the distance between the Earth and Sun?______________________ 7. Describe what causes the seasons._____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4.2 Climate Regions 1. What two things are used to classify climates?___________________________________________ 12 2. There are 5 major climate types. Describe each type below. 1. Tropical __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Wet - _____________________________________________________________ Wet and Dry - ______________________________________________________ 2. Dry __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Arid - ____________________________________________________________ Semiarid - _________________________________________________________ 3. Temperate Marine - ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Marine West Coast - ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Mediterranean - ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Humid Subtropical - ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Temperature Continental - _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Humid Continental - ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Sybaritic - ________________________________________________________ 5. Polar _________________________________________________________________ Ice Caps - ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Tundra - _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 6. Highlands _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4.3 Long-Term Changes in Climate 1. Can a climate change?_______________________________________________________________ 2. How do scientists find climate changes?_________________________________________________ 13 3. Describe 3 principle scientists use to see if the climate has changed? Plants/animals - ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Tree Rings - ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Pollen Records - ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. What is an Ice Age?_________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What is the climate like during an ice age?_______________________________________________ 6. When did the last ice age occur?_______________________________________________________ 7. What does and ice age do to the sea level?________________________________________________ 8. There are 3 explanations why we have major climate change. Describe each one below. Earth’s Position - _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Solar Energy - _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Movements of Continents - _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4.4 Global Changes in the Atmosphere 1. What is the Greenhouse Effect?________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are some of the Greenhouse Gases?__________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 14 3. How does global warning and greenhouse compare?________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What are 2 reasons scientists give for an increases temperature.______________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. List some of the possible effects of global warming?_______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What is the Ozone and what does it do?_________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How are humans affecting the ozone?___________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What are cholorfluorocabons?_________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What are some possible effects of ozone depletion?________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What are we doing about ozone depletion?______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 1 EARTH MOON and SUN 1.1 Earth in Space 1. What is Astronomy?_________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center is called what?__________________________ 3. What is the revolution of Earth?________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 15 4. One revolution around the sun is called what _____________________________________________ 5. Who made the first calendar?__________________________________________________________ 6. How many days are in a year?_________________________________________________________ 7. What is a leap year?_________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What causes the seasons?_____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Label the pictures below with the appropriate seasons. N. Hemisphere -_______________ S. Hemisphere - _______________ Month -______________________ N. Hemisphere -_______________ S. Hemisphere - _______________ Month -______________________ 10. What/When is a solstice?____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What is an equinox?________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Vernal - ______________________________________________________________________ Autumnal - ___________________________________________________________________ 1.2 PHASES, ECLIPSES, AND TIDES 1. How far away is the moon?___________________________________________________________ 2. What causes the phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides?____________________________________ 3. How long does it take the moon to revolve 1 time around the Earth?___________________________ 4. Why does the moon “shine.”__________________________________________________________ 16 5. What causes the phases of the moon?____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Label the picture below. A.______________________________ B._______________________________ C._______________________________ D.______________________________ E._______________________________ F._______________________________ G._________________________________ H.________________________________ 6. What is an eclipses?_________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Solar Eclipses - ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Lunar Eclipses - _______________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 7. What is the difference between the Umbra and Penumbra?___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is a tide and how often does it happen? ____________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 9. What causes the tides?___________________________ _______________________________________________ 17 1.3 ROCKETS AND SATELLITES 1. How does a rocket work?____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe each multistage or rockets 1 - ______________________________________ _________________________________________ __________________________________________ 2 - _______________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ 3._____________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 4._____________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ 3. What is a satellite?__________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Name a natural satellites?________________________________________________________ 5. What are artificial satellites and what are they used for?_____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6. What are geosynchronous orbits?______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What are Space Stations?___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Describe what a space shuttle is?_____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 18 1.4 EARTH’S MOON 1. How big is the moon?______________________________________________________________ 2.How would your weight differ on the moon?____________________________________________ 3. There are many theories of how the Moon came? Explain the most accepted. 1st__________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2nd_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3rd_________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4th_________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who invented the telescope and how is one made?________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Using a telescope, what did Galileo find on the moon? ___________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ___________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 19 THE SPACE RACE 6. What are some of the question the United Sates and the Soviet Union had about exploring the moon? A._________________________________________________________________________ B._________________________________________________________________________ C._________________________________________________________________________ D._________________________________________________________________________ 7. When was the first time we landed on the moon?________________________________________ 8. What 3 people were on the Apollo 11?________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Where did most of the information we know about the moon come from?_______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. List some facts they found about the moon. 1.________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2.________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3.________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4.________________________________________________________________ 5. ________________________________________________________________ 6.________________________________________________________________ Chapter 2 THE SOLAR SYSTEM OBSERVING THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1. The shape the stars make stay constant in the night sky. What are the shapes called?_____________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the “wandering stars” called that do not stay in the same shape._____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Who named these “wandering stars?”________________________________________________ 4. What did most Greek think the sky was.______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 20 5. What did they think the stars rotated around?________________________________________ 6. Explain what geocentric means.____________________________ ________________________________________________________ 7. Who was Copernicus?_______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is heliocentric?________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 9. Although Copernicus came up with heliocentric, who made it into a wide known belief?______ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What did Kepler discover about the planets rotations? What is this called path called?_______ _________________________________________________________________________________ 11. Explain the 2 reasons the planets rotate like the do. Inertia –______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Gravity - _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2.2 THE SUN 1. Where does the sun get its' energy?_________________________________________________ 2. Draw an example of Nuclear Fusion? 3. How hot does it need to get for nuclear fusion to occur?_________________________________ 4. Describe each layer of the sun starting with the inner layer and working out. Photosphere -_______________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Chromosphere - ______________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Corona - ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 21 5. Explain each of the following features that occur on the sun’s surface. Sunspots -____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Prominences - ___________________________________________________________________ Solar Flares - __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2.3 THE INNER PLANETS 1. What name is the inner planets given?__________________________________________________ 2. List and explain the 4 inner planets. ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ MERCURY - ____________________________________________________ Atmosphere - _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ VENUS Rotation - ___________________________________________ Atmosphere -________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 1._________________________________________________ EARTH 2._________________________________________________ 3._________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ MARS Canals - ____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Seasons - ___________________________________________ 22 2.4 THE OUTER PLANETS 1. Name the 4 outer planets.____________________________________________________________ 2. Name the common facts that all of these planets have in common. Common Name:_______________________________________________________________ 1.__________________________________________________________________________ 2.__________________________________________________________________________ 3.__________________________________________________________________________ 4.__________________________________________________________________________ 3. List and Describe each of the “Gas Giants.” JUPITER _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Atmosphere - __________________________________________ Moons - ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ SATURN ____________________________________________________ Rings - _______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Moons - ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ URANUS ______________________________________________________ Discovery - ____________________________________________ Moons -_______________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ NEPTUNE Discovery - ___________________________________________ Moons - _____________________________________________ 4. What is the name of the last “planet” and it’s moon?________________________________________ 23 5. When was it discovered?_____________________________________________________ 6. Do all astronomers think Pluto should not be considered a planet?_____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2.5 COMETS, ASTERIODS, AND METEORS 1. What is a comet?___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What happens when a comet comes close to the sun?____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Label the figure below of a comet. 4. How often does Halley’s Comet come by Earth?__________________________________________ 5. What are asteroids?_____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Where are most asteroids in our solar system located?_____________________________________ 7. What can happen when an asteroid hits Earth?________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is a meteoroid? Come from?____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What is the difference between meteors and meteorites?___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2.6 IS THERE LIFE BEYOND EARTH? 1. Life other than that on Earth would be called what?________________________________________ 2. When scientists talk about conditions needed by “life as we know it,” what do they mean?_________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 24 3. What is the “goldilocks condition?”_____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. List 2 places that have life on Earth that might not meet the “goldilocks condition.”______________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why do scientists believe there is water on Mars?_________________________________________ 6. Did the Viking spacecraft find life on mars? _____________________________________________ 7. What is the controversy about Mars meteorites about?_____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is Europa?___________________________________________________________________ 9. Why do scientists think there might be liquid water here?______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Do you think that there is life other than on earth? Why?__________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 3 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe 3.1 Tools of Modern Astronomy 1. What are patterns in the sky called?____________________________________________________ 2. What is visible light?________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. In the electromagnetic spectrum, how much is visible light?__________________________________ 4. What is the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the nest wave?______________________________________ 5. List 6 topics the electromagnetic waves contains. ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 25 6. What do telescopes do?______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Galileo made a refracting telescope. What type of lenses, glass, does it use?____________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. How does reflecting and refracting telescopes differ?______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. What are radio telescopes?___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What are some other objects telescopes observe?_________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What is an observatory?_____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Why are observatories built on mountain tops and away from cities?________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Why are some telescopes on satellites?_________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 14. What is a spectrograph?____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 15. How can you tell temperature and chemicals that a star is made of?___________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.2 Characteristics of stars 1. What is the nears star to us, and how long does it take to get there?____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the galaxy we live in called?____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the universe?________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Fill in the circles with the appropriate label – solar system, planets, universe, and galaxies.) 5. What is a light year?_______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ 26 6. Astronomers often use parallax to measure distances to nearby stars. What is a parallax?__________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7. List the 3 main characteristics used to classify a star and describe each. _______________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _______________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _______________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ 8. The brightness of a star as seen from earth is known as ____________________________________ 9. What is absolute magnitude?__________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What 2 characteristics are used in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram?__________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3 Lives of Stars 1. Label and describe each stage of a star. 1st______________________________________ _________________________________________ 2nd______________________________________ _________________________________________ 3rd_______________________ _________________________ ________________________ 3a__________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ __ 3b____________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ ____ 4th_______________________ _________________________ ________________________ 5th_____________________ _______________________ _______________________ 27 3.4 Star Systems Galaxies 1. What is a star system?________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe an eclipsing binary star._______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Are planets that revolve around stars common?__________________________________________ 4. What is the Milky Way?____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Name and describe each of the 3 kinds of galaxies. __________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _________________________ ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ________________________________________________ _________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ 3.5 History of the Universe 1. How do scientists study how the universe was made?_______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How are the galaxies moving?_____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe the big bang theory. 28 1st - ___________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ____ 3rd - ___________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ____ 2nd - _________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ____ 4th - ___________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ____ 4. Describe 2 possibilities that could happen in the future to the Universe._______________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 29
