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Transcript
Name _______________________ Date ___________ period_______ Study Guide for the Test on Ocean Chemistry, Topography and Waves 2016 _D___ 1. wavelength _C___ 2. crest _B___ 3. trough _A___ 4. wave height 5.Many tsunamis are caused by ______________________________ ( tides or Earthquakes ) 6. A tsunami starts when a huge volume of ____________________ is displaced. ( Water or air ) 7. Ocean water is composed of ______ dissolved salts. ( 75% or 3.5% } 8. An increase in ocean salinity can increase _Density___, creating deep water currents. ( wavelength or density ) 9. The size of a wave in the open ocean depends on _________________________________________________. ( particle motion or the strength of the wind ) 10. An object floating in the open ocean will _______________________________________________________. ( move towards the shore as the waves come in or remain in approximately the same place ) 11.Describe how a wave breaks on the shore (put the step in order) Moving water molecules hit the ocean floor and the top of the wave falls over the now slower moving bottom. The top of the wave breaks and water moves toward shore 12. Continental shelf ___A__ how it was created ___Edge of the continent made of granite__________________ 13. Deep sea trench ____C__ how it was created Subduction zone w/ ocean crust going under continental crust 14. Mid ocean ridge __D___ how it was created Divergent plate boundary oceanic crust moving apart 15. Abyssal plain __G___ how it was created Flat ocean floor due to accumulation of sediment 17 16. 18. Pacific Artic Pacific Atlantic 19. a. Atlantic Ocean Waves Indian Southern Southern Ocean b. Pacific Ocean 20. c. Indian Ocean d. Arctic Ocean 21. The size of a wave is NOT affected by the (strength of the wind, salinity of the water) 22. As a wave nears shore the wave height increases and the wavelength _Decreases__. Ocean Chemistry 23. Salinity is a measure of how much __Salt (Sodium Chloride, NaCl)___ there is in water. 24. Which salt is the most abundant in sea water? _Sodium_ Chloride 25. What area of the ocean will have the lowest salinity _Near the mouth of a river (the deepest parts of the ocean, a bay at the mouth of a river) Tides 26. The daily rise and fall of water on Earth’s coastlines are called __Tides___________ 27. The __Gravity___ of the Moon__ and the _Sun__ causes tides on Earth. 28. A tide with the LEAST difference between high and low tides is known as a Neap tide. 29. . A tide with the GREATEST difference between high and low tides is known as a Spring tide. Currents 30. A large stream of moving water that flows through an ocean is known as a _Current_.In the 31. Surface currents are caused by _____Wind____. 32. Northern Hemisphere currents curve to the right because of the Coriolis Effect_ 33. A large powerful warm surface current in the Atlantic Ocean that affects the climate of land in its path is the _Gulf____ ____Stream_____ 34. If you were floating in a raft in the Gulf Stream, you and the raft would _________________________________. ( move with the current or not move with the current ) 35. What causes deep cold currents to form near the poles? (The sinking of freshwater from melting icebergs, The sinking of dense cold water with high salinity) 36. A ___Density ____ current typically carries cold dense water from the poles toward the equator. 37. The movement of cold, nutrient-rich, water, deep ocean water to replace warm water at the surface is called __Upwelling___ 38. Slow-moving, cold currents may rise to the surface. This ____ of cold water carries food particles to the surface, resulting in areas of good fishing. ( upwelling or tide ). 39. Deep currents are caused by differences in the Salinity__ of ocean water. 40. Compare and contrast waves and currents. Include surface waves, surface currents, tsunamis, and deep curre Waves Both Two main kinds Electromagnetic Mechanical Water Waves Mechanical-Made of H2O Transverse 1. Crest 2. Trough 3. Amplitude 4. Frequency-Hz Energy moves forward the molecules move in little circles Form longshore drift currents at the beach Currents Waves and surface currents are created by friction from the wind. Found in and over the same parts of the ocean Two main kinds Surface Currents-Rivers of water within the ocean 1. Found at the surface of the water 2. Formed by wind Density Currents- Flow from areas of high density to areas of low density 1. Salinity makes water denser 2. Occur at or near the bottom of the ocean 3. UpwellingDensity hits land or another obstacle, brings dead stuff and other nutrients up and lots of fish eat it.