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Compare and contrast the key
characteristics and values of
the city-states of Athens and
Sparta.
Vocabulary: city-state, polis,
acropolis, agora, hoplite,
phalanx.
Identify: the Parthenon and
the Acropolis of Athens.
Identify forms of governing:
democracy, oligarchy,
monarchy, aristocracy, tyrant.
•Central focus was
the city-state or
polis.
•A town, city, or
surrounding village.
•Where we get the
word “politics.”
The Athenian Treasury – on
the acropolis.
•The country of
Greece is a
peninsula.
•The
Peloponnesus
looks like a
hand.
•Monotheistic or Polytheistic?
•Main gathering for the polis (city )was on a
hill, or acropolis.
•Acropolis was a fortified area on a hill.
•The most
famous acropolis
is in Athens.
•It features the
Parthenon.
•The Parthenon
above.
•Built by Phidias
and a team of
sculptures.
•This was a
temple dedicated
to Athena.
•Below the
acropolis was
the agora.
•The agora
was the open
marketplace.
•Hoplites –
soldiers with short
swords, a round
shield and a
thrusting spear.
•Phalanx – close
formation, wall of
shields.
•City- states – cities
that behaved like
independent nations.
•Mountains separated
them – developed
unique identities.
•Rarely joined
together.
•Athens – near
the sea.
•Involved in
trade.
•Strong navy.
•Encourages
free thought
and culture.
•Glorified mankind.
“Humanists.”
•Worldly and
rational.
•Exalted free
inquiry.
•Competitive
•Beauty of
the male
body.
•Left – the Boxer
and the Discus
Thrower.
•Knowledge is
supreme.
•Nobility of human
achievement.
•Democracy –
belief in the
individual’s rights.
•Vine and olive
products: olive
oils, and
olives.
•Monarchs – Kings
•Aristocracy –
government is run by a
small group of nobles.
Nobles owned the
land.
•Oligarchy – rule by a
few people.
•Tyrant – a single
individual who
seizes control.
•Direct
democracy – all
male citizens
have the right to
vote.
The tyrant Solon above
Date
Athenian Leaders
621 BC
Draco
594 BC
Solon
546 BC
Pisistratus
508 BC
Cleisthenes
Reforms
Writes first legal code.
Made contracts establishing property
rights.
Started debt slavery.
Outlawed debt slavery.
All citizens were allowed to participate
in the government Assembly.
Citizens were able to bring charges.
Exported grapes and olives.
Taxed rich farmers to fund a building
program.
Helped peasants buy farm equipment.
All citizens could submit a law.
Council of 500 chosen by lot.
Council advised the Assembly.
LEGISLATIVE – LAW MAKING
THE ASSEMBLY
Consisted of all male citizens over 20 years old.
Made the laws and voted policy and taxes.
THE COUNCIL OF 500
Chosen by lot to serve one year. Proposed laws to
the Assembly.
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
NINE ARCHONS AND A
COMMANDER IN CHIEF
JUDICIAL BRANCH
Elected annually by the
Assembly.
Consisted of member of the
Assembly who were chosen by
lot. They tried all law cases.
Directed policy and the armed
forces.
Other Officials – chosen by lot
to serve one year.
JURIES
•How many
branches are there
in the US
government?
•Do we also
possess some form
of democracy?
•Sparta – landlocked. Strong
army.
•Military state.
•Isolated, does
not encourage
foreigners or
trade.
•Spartan baby
washed with
wine.
•Examined by
council of
Elders.
•Left to die if
sickly.
A Spartan Phalanx
•8 – Sent to the agoge
where 13 years of
training began . Beaten,
forced marches
barefoot.
•Housed with the other
boys.
•No reaction to pain.
•12 – 1 cloak to wear.
•Slept on reeds. Did
not bathe.
•Given little foodtaught to steal.
•16 – first kill a Helot.
•If a Spartan male
passed his
military training,
then he became a
Spartan soldier
and a privileged
citizen of Sparta.
•Land and rights.
SPARTAN SOCIAL CLASSES
Lakedaemonians or SPARTANS
1/20th of the population. They alone had political
privileges. Very conservative, slow to change.
Nobility.
PERIOECI
“The Dwellers Around” – People who had been
Spartan allies or surrendered to them.
They could carry on trade and manufacturing.
HELOTS
Bound to the soil. They had no rights in Sparta.
•The Helots were
enslaved by the
Spartans.
•They outnumbered
the Spartans 20-1.
A hoplite head piece above.
•They had to give
half their crops to
the Spartans.
•Spartan men always
trained for war. They
were not allowed
another type of job.
•Spartans believed
that outsiders would
ruin their system of
training or soften
their men.
•30 – Spartan
married.
•Women received
physical training.
•At 60, a man
could retire.
*Oligarchy*
2 Kings – who led the Spartan armies on campaign.
5 Ephors
They had unlimited power. They were elected each year and
they were responsible for the education of the youth and the
conduct of all citizens.
Council of Elders – 2 Kings and 28 Citizens over the
age of 60
Made decisions about the laws that would be voted on by the
male assembly. The assembly would vote, not discuss or
debate an issue.
•The only time the
Greek city states of
Athens and Sparta
united, was when
the Greek
peninsula was
threatened during
the Persian War.