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After the Democracy: Athens under Phocion (322/1 – 319/8 B.C.)
After the Democracy: Athens under Phocion (322/1 – 319/8 B.C.)

... also a few ancient historians who offer some insight into the events of this period. Diodorus is a useful resource. He examines the causes of the Lamian War and gives a detailed list of the Greeks that joined the fight for freedom and autonomy. He also provides a reasonable account of the struggle ...
Democracy`s Dignity
Democracy`s Dignity

... basic needs and egalitarian paternalism alike. Democracy without secure dignity is at best a fragile construct. At worst it is a façade masking the despotism of entrenched and unaccountable elites. Like equality and liberty, dignity stands in a reciprocal relationship to democracy, sustaining and s ...
- ShareILL
- ShareILL

... sometimes differed on how precisely it should be managed. Radical democracy is a term sometimes applied by modern historians to Athenian government after Ephialtes’ reforms in 462/1; but it should be admitted that xvi ...
PDF - UWA Research Repository
PDF - UWA Research Repository

... From the mid-fifth century the Athenian democracy paid every citizen who volunteered as a juror for each day of service. This system of civic pay had the effect of reducing the loss in earnings ordinary citizens incurred by participating in government. Since the popular courts were a powerful instit ...
Paper - Yale Law School
Paper - Yale Law School

... (Sowell 1980) enabling the actions of fellow citizens to be effectively coordinated (cf., North and Weingast 1989, Weingast 1997) Collective action in defense of dignity is facilitated when mutual responsibility is a matter of common knowledge among citizens; that is: I know it, and you all know it ...
Pericles
Pericles

... The Alcmaeonids owned cast tracts of land in Attica and were reputed to be extremely wealthy however, they were generally excluded from the inner circle of nobility because of their curse (agos) His father was Xanthippus, a rising politician and general during the Persian Wars who was ostracised in ...
Socrates: His Life and Times
Socrates: His Life and Times

... assembly's hopes by holding out the lure of Persian gold. In 411 they succeeded in having the assembly members turn over all power to a group of four hundred men, hoping that this smaller body would provide better guidance for foreign policy in the war and improve Athens’ finances. These four hundre ...
Socrates
Socrates

... spirit, although he explicitly claimed that it never urged him on, but only warned him against various prospective events. Many of his contemporaries were suspicious of Socrates's daimonion as a rejection of the state religion. It is generally understood that Socrates's daimonion is akin to intuitio ...
Introduction - Princeton University Press
Introduction - Princeton University Press

... enjoys the rare privilege of, on his own, embodying a whole “age,” condensing within his name the peak of Athens’s glory and the flowering of the first democracy in history. We know him from a bust made in the Roman period: the impenetrable face seems to defy the efforts of any historian. What angle ...
e Council of the Areopagus
e Council of the Areopagus

... a governmental institution that met on that hill (Aeschin. .). is institution was very ancient, existing long before democratic government. Its history, which recedes back into mythological pre-history, follows closely the political history of Athens, and shows the ongoing tension between democr ...
The Discourse of Kingship in Classical Athenian Thought
The Discourse of Kingship in Classical Athenian Thought

... holder of a superior understanding of the polis, inherited from Euripidean tragedy, could be put; they also position the kings they use in a curious space between myth and history. ...
The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes
The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes

... into four tribes,9 that at the head of each was a king' (phylobasileus),IO and that each tribe was subdivided into three ridings (trittyes, 'third parts')11 and twelve naukrariai. 12 There is no evidence that Athens in that age had an assembly of the people: to claim that, we have to extrapolate fro ...
THE POLITICAL EXPERIENCE OF ANCIENT GREEK TRAGEDY
THE POLITICAL EXPERIENCE OF ANCIENT GREEK TRAGEDY

... Athenian tragedy may be democratic in both form and content, the criticisms that have been laid upon Goldhill by other authors, such as Rhodes and Carter, are not without credence. Rhodes attacks Goldhill on the grounds that many of the institutional and structural arguments Goldhill makes in favou ...
conclusion - The University of Michigan Press
conclusion - The University of Michigan Press

... of the term). Overall, it places greater emphasis on the continuities that prevailed from the time of Cylon to that of Hippias and Hipparchus and on the discontinuities that emerged thereafter. Without wishing to minimize the signiµcance of Solon and the Peisistratids, it is deeply unlikely that eit ...
Athenian Identity and Civic Ideology
Athenian Identity and Civic Ideology

... non), will be much the same as the past, or at least similar-if they judge this account useful, that is quite enough [for me]. It is as a possession for all time rather than as an entry into the contest (agonisma) for current listening pleasure that I wrote" (1.22.4)·18 This is a heady claim: those ...
Gadfly on Trial: Socrates as Citizen and Social Critic
Gadfly on Trial: Socrates as Citizen and Social Critic

... jurors must weigh my opponent’s lying words against my reputation and you should judge me accordingly. If there are nasty rumors about me floating around, these are the product of my opponent’s slanders. Now Socrates at first seems to be playing by the usual rules. When responding to the “old charge ...
The political and jurisdictional structures in Homer
The political and jurisdictional structures in Homer

... Asking for the origins of democracy quickly generates more questions. Why do the masses play an important part in Greek political culture? How did this culture evolve? Was citizen-rule an alternative to other forms of leadership, or a basic political principle? These questions eventually concern the ...
The Constitutional Debate in Herodotus
The Constitutional Debate in Herodotus

... Let us begin with the narrative context of the debate. The debate occurs after Cambyses has died and the Magus, pretending to be Cambyses’ brother Smerdis, has assumed the throne. In our first glimpse of the Magus’ rule, Herodotus explains that (perhaps surprisingly) many non-Persians are content wi ...
Thucydides and Civil War: the Case of Alcibiades
Thucydides and Civil War: the Case of Alcibiades

... Alciibiades not ambitious but great-souled – in once sense of the word: he is intolerant of dishonor (Posterior Analytics (97b15-26). Every major appearance of Alcibiades in the History begins with him protesting against being dishonored. He opposed the 50 years peace on its merits –but also because ...
Did the Ancient Greeks Know of Collective Tyranny?
Did the Ancient Greeks Know of Collective Tyranny?

... awareness of collective tyranny in order not only better to understand the evolution of Greek political thought, but also to avoid misunderstandings in assessing the character of certain regimes. Dynasteia is a state-theoretical notion that may help us further on. Our enquiries into this notion sh ...
Plato`s Protagoras: Myth and Democracy on Trial
Plato`s Protagoras: Myth and Democracy on Trial

... Sophism to themselves, fearing if others obtained it, they would lose 'their superiority. Plato forms an interesting irony. The Spartans were the quintessential 111ilitary state with no interest in philosophy. In connecting the Spartans to Sophisnl, Plato implies Sophism has no relevance in a wise A ...
I.F. Stone Breaks the Socrates Story:
I.F. Stone Breaks the Socrates Story:

... This obsession with the trial of Socrates is not mine alone. Scholars and historians have been puzzled by it for centuries, and still are. What’s the puzzle? The Athens of Socrates’s time has gone down in history as the very place where democracy and freedom of speech were born. Yet that city put So ...
the classical agora
the classical agora

... democratic urge were being sown. Whatever the intention, the northwest corner of the Agora was being reshaped into a public space by a ‘deliberate effort to enlarge the area of the public square’. Architectural developments (Buildings C & D) in the southwest corner of the Agora also occurred during ...
PERICLES
PERICLES

... “The reason for this was that Pericles, because of his position, his intelligence, and his known integrity, could respect the liberty of the people and at the same time hold them in check. It was he who led them, rather than they who led him........” (Thucydides 2. 65) ...
home_files/LeMoine_Foreigners as Liberators_website copy
home_files/LeMoine_Foreigners as Liberators_website copy

... democracy to swing in the opposite direction, towards tyranny (701a). The Stranger’s judgment ...
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Direct democracy



Direct democracy (also known as pure democracy) is a form of democracy in which people decide (e.g. vote on, form consensus on) policy initiatives directly. This differs from the majority of modern Western-style democracies, which are indirect democracies.
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