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Name 1. Period Date Environmental Science Chapter 4-5 Study Guide ___ Where do the following organisms get their energy? Plants? __________________________ Animals? ______________________________ Volcanic vent bacteria? _______________________ Consumers? ______________________ Herbivores? __________________________ Omnivores? _____________________________ Producers? ___________________________ Carnivores? _____________________________ 2. Name two pioneer species: _________________________, ______________________________ 3. State 3 ways a fire help with succession? _______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________, ___________________________________________ 4 What percent of atmospheric gas is nitrogen? __________________________ 5. Name 3 fossil fuels that contain the carbon form plants and animals that died millions of years ago? _____________________________, _______________________, _________________________ 6. Why is burning fossil fuels increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere? ___________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Are the following ecosystems examples of primary or secondary succession? New volcanic island? _________________ Newly uncovered glacier land? ___________________ Asphalt parking lot? ____________________ Amazon rainforest? __________________________ Forest fire? ________________ Tornado damage? _________________ Bare rock? ___________________ 8. Why are plants important in the carbon cycle? ________________________________________ 9. Why does succession happen? ____________________________________________________, 10. Give 3 examples of primary succession: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________, _______________________________________ 11. Give 3 examples of secondary succession: ___________________________________________ ______________________________________, _______________________________________ 12. Name 3 materials you might find in the soil during primary succession: _____________________ _______________________________, ______________________________________ 13. What is found at the bottom trophic level of a food chain? ______________________________ 14. What term shows many possible feeding relationships in an ecosystem? ____________________ 15. What happens to energy consumed by organisms? _____________________________________ 16. Name 3 photosynthetic organisms. ___________________, ________________, ______________ 17. Give an example of a carbon sink: ___________________________________________ What is it? _________________________________________________________________Where? _____________ 18. What kind of plants would you expect to find after 150 years of secondary succession in Georgia? _____________________________________ 19. What is the largest carbon reservoir on earth? _____________________________________ 20. How are fossil fuels formed? ____________________________________________________ 21. How much energy is available for the next step up the energy pyramid for those consumers?_______ 22. What is the role of lichen in primary succession? ____________________________________ What can it do? _______________________________________________________________ 23. What is the process called for making food using sunlight’s energy?______________________ 24. What is an organism called that breaks down dead organisms? ___________________________ 25. Succession used on new volcanic island or in the process of breaking down rock into soil? ______________________ 26. What do we use on our lawns that can upset the phosphorus and nitrogen cycles? _______________ 27. Final product of succession? __________________. 31. Eats only producers? _______________________ 28. Like a lion, eats only meat? ___________________ 33. Ultimate source of energy except deep oceans? ___________ 29. Underground carbon source from dead plants and animals? ____________________ 30. What 2 organisms is a lichen made out of? ________________, _______________ 31. What are all of the species of organisms living in an area not including the abiotic factors called? _________________ 32. What are all of the species of organisms living in an area including the abiotic factors called? _________________ 33. What is the place an organisms lives in an ecosystem called? _____________________________________________ 34. What is an organism’s role or place in an ecosystem called? ______________________________________________ 35. What are non-living things like air, water, rock, rain, temperature in an ecosystem called? ______________________ 36. What is the organisms of the same species living and breeding in an area called? ____________________________ 37. What are living organisms in an ecosystem called? _____________________________________________________ Answers can be used more than once, all answers are used. Answer list: sun, plants and animals, hydrogen sulfide, animals, tornado damage, forest fire, flood damage, primary, secondary, 10%, underground, Where carbon is stored out of the carbon cycle, can live on bare rock, asphalt parking lot, glacier exposed land, new volcanic island, Takes carbon long underground and adds it to today’s atmosphere, 78%, algae, fungus, plants, gas, coal, oil, limestone rock, rock chips, grass, decayed lichen and bacteria, dust particle from the air, food web, lichen, where carbon is stored out of the carbon cycle, can be stored as fats or sugar molecules, Allows carbon to enter an ecosystem through photosynthesis, New species make the environment less suitable for the previous species, clears deadwood, releases seeds, encourages growth, mature oak and hickory forest, limestone rock formations, remains of ancient plants and animals under pressure, photosynthesis, decomposers, fertilizer, climax community, pioneer species, herbivores, carnivores, fossil fuels, sun, niche, habitat, population, community, ecosystem. biotic factors, abiotic factors, grass, trees, bushes Be prepared to draw a food web of listed organisms, which way the arrows go, and know which ones will be more numerous.