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1.
Period
Date
Environmental Science Chapter 4-5 Study Guide
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Where do the following organisms get their energy?
 Plants? __________________________ Animals? ______________________________
 Volcanic vent bacteria? _______________________ Consumers? ______________________
 Herbivores? __________________________ Omnivores? _____________________________
 Producers? ___________________________ Carnivores? _____________________________
2.
Name two pioneer species: _________________________, ______________________________
3.
State 3 ways a fire help with succession? _______________________________________________________
____________________________________________, ___________________________________________
4
What percent of atmospheric gas is nitrogen? __________________________
5.
Name 3 fossil fuels that contain the carbon form plants and animals that died millions of years ago?
_____________________________, _______________________, _________________________
6.
Why is burning fossil fuels increasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere? ___________________
________________________________________________________________________________
7.
Are the following ecosystems examples of primary or secondary succession?
 New volcanic island? _________________ Newly uncovered glacier land? ___________________
 Asphalt parking lot? ____________________ Amazon rainforest? __________________________
 Forest fire? ________________ Tornado damage? _________________ Bare rock? ___________________
8.
Why are plants important in the carbon cycle? ________________________________________
9.
Why does succession happen? ____________________________________________________,
10.
Give 3 examples of primary succession: ______________________________________________
______________________________________, _______________________________________
11.
Give 3 examples of secondary succession: ___________________________________________
______________________________________, _______________________________________
12.
Name 3 materials you might find in the soil during primary succession: _____________________
_______________________________, ______________________________________
13.
What is found at the bottom trophic level of a food chain? ______________________________
14.
What term shows many possible feeding relationships in an ecosystem? ____________________
15.
What happens to energy consumed by organisms? _____________________________________
16.
Name 3 photosynthetic organisms. ___________________, ________________, ______________
17.
Give an example of a carbon sink: ___________________________________________
 What is it? _________________________________________________________________Where? _____________
18.
What kind of plants would you expect to find after 150 years of secondary succession in Georgia?
_____________________________________
19.
What is the largest carbon reservoir on earth? _____________________________________
20.
How are fossil fuels formed? ____________________________________________________
21.
How much energy is available for the next step up the energy pyramid for those consumers?_______
22.
What is the role of lichen in primary succession? ____________________________________
 What can it do? _______________________________________________________________
23.
What is the process called for making food using sunlight’s energy?______________________
24.
What is an organism called that breaks down dead organisms? ___________________________
25.
Succession used on new volcanic island or in the process of breaking down rock into soil? ______________________
26.
What do we use on our lawns that can upset the phosphorus and nitrogen cycles? _______________
27.
Final product of succession? __________________. 31. Eats only producers? _______________________
28.
Like a lion, eats only meat? ___________________ 33. Ultimate source of energy except deep oceans? ___________
29.
Underground carbon source from dead plants and animals? ____________________
30.
What 2 organisms is a lichen made out of? ________________, _______________
31.
What are all of the species of organisms living in an area not including the abiotic factors called? _________________
32.
What are all of the species of organisms living in an area including the abiotic factors called? _________________
33.
What is the place an organisms lives in an ecosystem called? _____________________________________________
34.
What is an organism’s role or place in an ecosystem called? ______________________________________________
35.
What are non-living things like air, water, rock, rain, temperature in an ecosystem called? ______________________
36.
What is the organisms of the same species living and breeding in an area called? ____________________________
37.
What are living organisms in an ecosystem called? _____________________________________________________
Answers can be used more than once, all answers are used.
Answer list: sun, plants and animals, hydrogen sulfide, animals, tornado damage, forest fire, flood damage,
primary, secondary, 10%, underground, Where carbon is stored out of the carbon cycle, can live on bare rock,
asphalt parking lot, glacier exposed land, new volcanic island, Takes carbon long underground and adds it to
today’s atmosphere, 78%, algae, fungus, plants, gas, coal, oil, limestone rock, rock chips, grass, decayed lichen and
bacteria, dust particle from the air, food web, lichen, where carbon is stored out of the carbon cycle, can be stored as
fats or sugar molecules, Allows carbon to enter an ecosystem through photosynthesis, New species make the
environment less suitable for the previous species, clears deadwood, releases seeds, encourages growth, mature oak
and hickory forest, limestone rock formations, remains of ancient plants and animals under pressure,
photosynthesis, decomposers, fertilizer, climax community, pioneer species, herbivores, carnivores, fossil fuels,
sun, niche, habitat, population, community, ecosystem. biotic factors, abiotic factors, grass, trees, bushes
 Be prepared to draw a food web of listed organisms, which way the arrows go, and know which ones
will be more numerous.