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Review
The examination is scheduled for Tues., Dec. 4. The exam will have two sections,
that is, it will follow a format similar to the last examination. During the problem
solving part, you will again be provided with a sheet of equations that you may need
to solve a particular problem but you may be asked to derive an eqn. in one or more
instance. There will be more eqns. than you need. You will be expected to know
basic equations like the ideal gas law. If you set up the problem correctly you will
get major credit.
The review sheets follow. They are words and concepts that should be very familiar
to you. As before, I will take the multiple choice questions from these sheets. Also
the problem solving will be problems based on concepts taken from problems
assigned for homework, given on a quiz, and listed on the review sheets.
Definitions: (The meanings of these words and phrases should be very familiar.
A = Ao + RTln aA
critical point
triple point
Chemical Potential
Phase Diagram
(phase 1) = (phase 2) etc
A(phase 1) = A(phase 2) etc
Colligative properties
boiling pt. elevation constant
vapor pressure
vapor pressure lowering
freezing pt. depression
boiling pt. elevation
i = moles particles/mole solute
osmosis, reverse osmosis
osmotic pressure
molecular weight determination
vapor pressure lowering
Freezing point depression constant
Equilibrium Constant
Kp, Kc, Keq
Pressure Dependence of Gibbs Free energy activity of a pure solid or pure liquid
activities and the equilibrium constant
Standard States
Std. states for pure solids or liquids
Solvent and solute standard states
Molarity
Molality
Biochemists std state
Activity coefficient
mean ionic activity
Debye-Huckel Equation
ionic strength
mean ionic activity coefficient
reaction quotient
G and the reaction quotient
Acid Dissociation Constant
Base Dissociation Constant
Van’t Hoff’s Eqn.
G at equilibrium
pH = -log[H+]
buffer solution
conjugate acid and base
strong acid/base; weak acid/base
Henderson Hasselbach eqn.
glycolytic pathway and glycolysis
metabolism
function of ATP
function of NADH
Le Chatelier’s Principle
physiological conditions
Metabolic Regulation
fluid mosaic model
membrane transport
transmembrane potential
amphiphilic molecules
surfactants
hydrophobic
hydrophillic
membranes
lipid bilayer
transition temperature
headgroup
Equilibrium Dialysis
Protein binding site
Ka, association constant
Schatchard Eqn.
binding constant
protein
Donnan Effect
ATP hydrolysis
DSC
hydrocarbon tails
lipids
fractional saturation of sites
Kd, dissociation constant
Intrinsic dissociation constant
Double Reciprocal plot
identical binding sites
macromolecule
Donnan Potential
Calculations
Calculation of colligative properties or the Molar Mass from the Colligative Properties
including: freezing pt. depression, boiling point elevation, vapor pressure
lowering, osmotic pressure
Use of the definition of the Chemical Potentials, at equil the chemical potentials of a
species in all phases must be equal to each other
Processes move from a higher chemical potential to a lower one.
Expression for the molar Gibbs free energy, the chemical potential, of a gas
Calculation of the Equilibrium Constant from Gorxn or the reverse of this.
Calculating the Temp dependence of the equilibrium constant
Use of LeChatliers Principle
Relationship between Kp, Kc write expression for K in activities or Kp in partial pressures
Equilibrium Constant Calculations using ICE or Henderson-Hasselbach
Equilibrium Constant and G for coupled Eqns
Calculation of the activities or concentrations of the species present at equilibrium
Use of Debye Huckel, calculation of ionic strength, mean ionic activity,
Calculation of the mean ionic activity coefficient
Calculation of G at conditions other than at equilibrium, what is G at equilibrium
Calculation of Go and the equilibrium constant, and be able to find it at other temps.
Structure of Membranes
Explain the Donnan Effect.
Understand equilibrium dialysis and the use of the Schatchard Eqn.
Relationship for  when transmembrane potential is present
Understanding of how detergents work, lipid bilayers, fluid mosaic model
Equations and Constants
dE = TdS - P dV H=E+PV G=H-TS
A=E-TS dG = VdP - SdT + adna + bdnb
o
o
*
 =  + RT ln(p/p )
a = a + RT lnxa
 = o + RT ln a Pb = xbKb
'
*
Pb=mKb
Pa = xaPa
Tf = iKf m
b= iKbm
*
 = iMRT
ya = Pa/P
P = xBPA
a = x
P=Pb* + (Pa*-Pb*)xa
*
P = Pa + Pb + Pc + Pd + ….
aA = pA/pA
F = C-P+2
 = o + RT ln a  = o + RT ln(P/Po)
a = ao + RT lnaa
a = a* + RT lnxa
RT ln(ain/aout) + ZFV =   = (r +o + s -o ) + v RTln a+- Kp = Kc (RT) n Po -  n
m+- = (m+r m-s )1 / v
v=r+s
m+- = m [rr ss ]1 / v
a+- = a+r a-s
a+- = +- m+- +- = (+r -s )1 / v
log +- = -/ z+z- / AI½ A = 0.509
2
o
o
o
I = ½ i zi (mi /m ) G =H -TSo Go = - RT ln(K) G = Go + RT lnQ
ln[K(T2)/K(T1)] = -o/R (1/T2 - 1/T1) <x2 >=2Dt <d2 > = 6Dt D = kT/f
f = 6r
.Y[L] + KY = n[L] Y = ([PL]) /([P] + [PL]) Y/[L] = n/K - Y/K 1/Y = 1/n + K/(n [L])
Ki = ( i / (n-i+1)) K
R = 8.314 J/(mol K) R = 0.08206 L atm/(mol K) 1atm = 760 Torr 1 atm = 14.7 psi
1atm = 101325 Pa 1 bar = 105 Pa g = 9.81 m/s2 1L = 0.001 m3 K = oC + 273.15
k = 1.38 x 10- 2 3 J/K Nav = 6.023 x 10- 2 3