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Transcript
Chapter 17 Sect 1 I. Italy’s Advantages -The years _1300__ to _1600__ saw an explosion of Creativity in Europe. -Historians call this period the Renaissance. - The term mean rebirth- in this case a rebirth of art and learning. - The Renaissance began in northern Italy and spread North. - Italy had three advantages: - Thriving cities - A wealthy merchant class - Classical heritage of Greece and Rome - Cities were places where people exchange new ideas. - The bubonic plague killed up to 60 percent of the population; this brought Economic changes - Wealthy Merchants began to pursue other interests such as art. - Merchants were the wealthiest, most powerful class, and they dominated politics. - Individual Achievement was to become an important Renaissance theme. - Florence came under the rule of the Medici family. - They made a fortune in Trade and Banking. - The Medici family aided the Renaissance by supporting the arts. - Renaissance scholars wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans. - Italian artists and scholars drew inspiration from the ruins of Rome that surrounded them. - In 1453, Byzantine scholars fled to Rome with ancient Greek manuscripts. II. Classical and Worldly Values - As scholars studied these Greek works, the became increasingly influenced by classical ideas - The study of Classical texts led to humanism, which focused on human potential and achievements. - Humanist popularized the study of subjects common to Classical education. - The basic spirit of Renaissance society was secular- worldly and concerned with the _Here and now. - Renaissance popes beautified Rome by spending huge amounts of money for art. - All educated people were expected to create art. - A man who excelled in many fields was praised as a “universal man”, later called a “Renaissance men.” - Most Renaissance women had less influence than medieval women had. III. Renaissance Revolutionizes Art - As the Renaissance advanced, artistic styles changed. - They used a realistic style copied from classical models; Greek and Roman subjects also became popular. - In addition, artists like such as the sculptor and painter Michelangelo glorified the human body. - Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. A true “Renaissance.” - He filled his notebook with observations and sketches of new inventions. - Leonardo painted one of the best known portraits in the world, the Mona Lisa. - He also produce a famous religious painting, The Last Supper. - One of Raphael’s favorite subjects was the Madonna and child. - Although Renaissance society generally restricted women’s roles, a few Italian women became painters. IV. Renaissance Writers Change Literature - Dante wrote in the vernacular, his native language instead of classical latin. - In addition, Renaissance writers wrote either for self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subjects. - Francesco Petrarch was one of the earliest and most influential humanists. - The Italian writer Boccaccio is best known for the Decameron. - The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli also examines the imperfect conduct of human beings. - The Prince examines how a ruler can gain power and keep it despite his enemies. - To succeed in such a wicked world, Machiavelli said a prince must be strong as a Lion and shrewd as a fox. - The women writers who gained fame in the Renaissance usually wrote about personal subjects, not politics. - Toward the end of the 15th century, Renaissance ideas began to spread North from Italy to countries such as France, Germany, and England. - Northern artists and thinkers would adapt the Renaissance ideals in the own ways.