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Lesson 1
Mental Disorders
Do you experience sadness, anxiety, and fear?
How long do these feelings usually last?
Lesson 1
Mental Disorders
For some people these feelings persist for a long time and affect a
person’s behavior or daily activities.
This may indicate that he or she is suffering from a mental
disorder.
Lesson 1
Lesson Objectives
In this lesson, you’ll learn to:
Distinguish types of mental disorders.
Identify situations requiring professional mental health
services.
Identify and describe the types of mental disorders that
affect our society.
Lesson 1
What Are Mental Disorders?
Mental Disorders
20 percent of the U.S. population—54 million people—are
affected by some form of mental disorder.
Fewer than 8 million people with mental disorders actually
seek treatment.
Of the 20 percent of children and adolescents who suffer from
mental health problems, only one-third receive the help they
need.
Lesson 1
What Are Mental Disorders?
Seeking Treatment for Mental Disorders
People are reluctant to seek treatment for
mental/emotional problems because of:
Embarrassment or shame.
Stigma or a negative label.
Misconceptions and stereotypes.
Many mental and emotional disturbances
involve imbalances in brain chemistry and
require medical attention.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Broad Classification of Mental Disorders
Organic Disorder
Functional Disorder
It is caused by a physical illness or an injury that
affects the brain.
Possible causes:
Brain tumors
Infections
Chemical imbalances
Exposure to drugs and toxins
Injuries resulting in brain damage
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
People with anxiety disorders often arrange their lives to avoid
situations that make them feel anxious or fearful.
There are four main types of anxiety disorders:
1. Phobias
2. Obsessive-compulsive disorders
3. Panic disorders
4. Post-traumatic stress disorders
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Phobia
A phobia is a strong and irrational
fear of something specific.
People with phobias:
Do everything they can to avoid the
object of their fear.
May be unable to live a normal life.
May remain prisoners in their own
homes.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder is trapped in a
pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors.
Obsessive refers to persistent, recurrent, and unwanted
thoughts that prevent people from attending to normal daily
activities.
Compulsive refers to repeated, irresistible behaviors.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Panic Disorder
A person with a panic disorder has sudden, unexplained feelings
of terror.
These panic attacks may occur at any time or place, but most are
triggered by a particular object, condition, or situation.
Symptoms of panic attacks include trembling, pounding heart,
shortness of breath, and dizziness.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder is common after a personal
assault, natural or human-made disasters, accidents, and
military combat.
Symptoms may include flashbacks,
nightmares, emotional numbness,
sleeplessness, and guilt.
It may arise weeks or months after
the event that caused it.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Mood Disorders
The emotional swings of a mood disorder are extreme in both
intensity and duration.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Two Types of Mood Disorders
Clinical Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Clinical depression affects a person’s ability to:
Concentrate.
Sleep.
Perform at school or work.
Handle everyday decisions and challenges.
Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or despair last for
more than a few weeks and interfere with daily
interests and activities.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Eating Disorders
Factors that can lead to an eating disorder are:
Psychological pressures.
Possible genetic factors.
Obsession with body image
and thinness.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Physical Health Complications of Eating Disorders
A person who suffers from an eating disorder can experience a wide
range of physical health complications, including:
Serious heart conditions.
Kidney failure, which may lead to death.
It is therefore critical that a person with an eating disorder get
help immediately.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Conduct Disorders
Children and adolescents who act out their impulses toward
others in destructive ways may have a conduct disorder.
They may project an image of
toughness, but people with
this disorder usually have low
self-esteem.
Without treatment, they will be
unable to adapt to the
demands of adulthood.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder in which a person
loses contact with reality.
Symptoms of schizophrenia include delusions, hallucinations,
and thought disorders.
Causes of this condition may be a combination of genetic
factors and chemical and structural changes in the brain.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Personality Disorders
Personality refers to an individual’s unique traits and
behavior patterns.
People afflicted with these disorders think and behave in
ways that make it difficult for them to get along with others.
Counseling, and sometimes medication, are recommended
as treatment.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Types of Personality Disorders
Antisocial
Personality Disorder
They tend to be irritable,
aggressive, impulsive, and
violent.
Borderline
Personality Disorder
In many cases, they are
unable to show remorse for
their behavior.
Passive-Aggressive
Personality Disorder
Lesson 1
Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. Compare and contrast the characteristics of schizophrenia
and antisocial personality disorder.
Click Next to view the answer.
Lesson 1
Quick Review - Answer
A. A person with schizophrenia is not usually a threat to other
people, whereas a person with an antisocial personality
disorder is frequently at odds and maybe violent toward
others.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 1
Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. Define the term mental disorder, and explain how organic
and functional disorders differ.
Click Next to view the answer.
Lesson 1
A.
Quick Review - Answer
A mental disorder is an illness of the mind that can affect
the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person,
preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and
productive life.
Organic disorders are caused by a physical illness or an
injury that affects the brain.
Functional disorders have a psychological cause and do not
involve brain damage.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 1
Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. What do clinical depression and bipolar disorder have in
common?
Click Next to view the answer.
Lesson 1
Quick Review - Answer
A. Both clinical depression and bipolar disorder are mood
disorders. People with bipolar disorder sometimes exhibit
symptoms of clinical depression.
Click Next to attempt another question.
Lesson 1
Quick Review
Analyze the following situation.
Although scientific evidence shows that mental disorders are
medical conditions, the stigma attached to these illnesses persists.
Why do you think this is so?
Lesson 1
What Are Mental Disorders?
Mental Disorders
20 percent of the U.S. population—54 million people—are
affected by some form of mental disorder.
Fewer than 8 million people with mental disorders actually
A mental disorder is
seek treatment.
an illness of the mind that
can affect the
thoughts,
Of the 20 percent of children and adolescents
who
suffer from
feelings,
andthe
behaviors
of
mental health problems, only one-third
receive
help they
a person, preventing him
need.
or her from leading a
happy, healthful, and
productive life.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
People with anxiety disorders often arrange their lives to avoid
situations that make them feel anxious or fearful.
An anxiety
There are four main types ofdisorder
anxietyisdisorders:
a
condition in which
1. Phobias
real or imagined
fears are difficult to
2. Obsessive-compulsive disorders
control.
3. Panic disorders
4. Post-traumatic stress disorders
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder is common after a personal
assault, natural or human-made disasters, accidents, and
military combat.
A post-traumatic
Symptoms may include flashbacks,
stress disorder is a
nightmares, emotional numbness,
sleeplessness, and guilt. condition that may
develop after exposure
to a terrifying
event
It may arise weeks or months
after
the event that caused it. that threatened or
caused physical harm.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Mood Disorders
The emotional swings of a mood disorder are extreme in both
intensity and duration.
A mood disorder
is an illness, often with
an organic cause, that
involves mood
extremes that interfere
with everyday living.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Conduct Disorders
Children and adolescents who act out their impulses toward
others in destructive ways may have a conduct disorder.
They may project an image of
toughness, but people with
this disorder usually have low
self-esteem.
Without treatment, they will be
unable to adapt to the
demands of adulthood.
A conduct
disorder is a pattern
of behavior in which
the rights of others
or basic social rules
are violated.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Broad Classification of Mental Disorders
Organic Disorder
Functional Disorder
It has a psychological cause and does not involve brain
damage.
Possible causes:
Heredity
Stress
Emotional conflict
Fear
Ineffective coping skills
Disturbing events in childhood or in the recent past
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Two Types of Mood Disorders
Clinical Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is marked by:
Extreme mood changes.
Extreme energy levels.
Extreme behavior.
Adults may behave normally between episodes of
extreme emotion.
Teens tend to alternate rapidly between the two
extremes with few clear periods of wellness between
episodes.
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Types of Personality Disorders
Antisocial
Personality Disorder
They tend to engage in highrisk activities, and many
have poor self-esteem.
Borderline
Personality Disorder
Although they fear
abandonment, they
frequently lash out violently
at the people they need most.
Passive-Aggressive
Personality Disorder
Lesson 1
Types of Mental Disorders
Types of Personality Disorders
Antisocial
Personality Disorder
Borderline
Personality Disorder
Passive-Aggressive
Personality Disorder
They are often uncooperative.
They resent being told what
to do, yet they rely on others’
direction.
They are angry over issues
of control.