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Map of Greece: What does the land look like around Greece? Greece is very hilly, without much farmland. How did they make money? Early on, Greece became a powerful civilization because of its central trade position on the Mediterranean, Ionian, and Aegean Seas. Greek Legend: Trojan War In 1200 B.C. the Greeks fought against Troy, supposedly because a Trojan prince captured Queen Helen of Greece. Did they win because of a horse? Early Greece- people live in city-states A city state is a strong city and its countryside that works together as a mini country How did Greece rule all of these people? Monarchy- rule by one strong leader and king Aristocracy- rule by the rich Oligarchy- rule by a few powerful men(usually military) Democracy- rule by the people, started in 600 B.C to protect all people under the laws (so the rich can’t overrule the poor) Tyrant- powerful people that seize government Direct Democracy- Every citizen votes for laws Benefits? Disadvantages? Who is a citizen? The first successful powerful democracy was in Athens, a city state The Golden Age of Greece!!- Greece Flourishes Pericles Rules Ancient Greece around 435 B.C. 3 Goals1. Strengthen Athenian Democracy 2. Strengthen Empire 3. Glorify Athens with Arts, Culture, Sculptures, Architecture, Theater Under Pericles Athens is at the TOP Delian League -Athens is part of this trade group- POWER - Athens makes big $ trading - Athens builds a powerful navy - Pericles uses $ from trade to glorify Athens through statues, buildings, art, culture - Parthenon is built to worship Athena, goddess of wisdom Culture Flourishes - Arts, Theater, Architecture, Sculpture, become a main part of Athenian life - Theater is key to development- Comedies and Tragedies reflected Greek Life Athenians look to Philosophers- lover of wisdom 1. Universe is orderly 2. Logic and Reason Socrates- Question Life Plato- The Republic-perfect gov’t, loved knowledge Aristotle- Scientist, Logic, Scientific Method, taught Alexander the Great Case study: 2 strong city-states What is a city-state? How do they compete with each other? Athens Sparta Government Democracy with a Oligarchy with law code Leadership by a few military leaders Education Wealthy boysMilitary educationgrammar, poetry, physical agility and history, math, strength major athletics emphasis Culture Arts, theater, Military service age music, 7-60, simplicity and architecture, stoicism sculpture Women Taught at home Encouraged to train how to raise militarily, had much children, cook, more freedom and and clean power in society Military Strong Navy Strong Army Peloponnesian War starts - mainly Athens (and allies) vs. Sparta ( and allies) - at first even, but then a plague hits Athens - Sparta begins to dominate and destroy Athen’s empire, wealth, and power - Sparta wins Peloponnesian War