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Map of Greece:
 What does the land look like around Greece?
 Greece is very hilly, without much farmland. How
did they make money?
Early on, Greece became a powerful civilization
because of its central trade position on the
Mediterranean, Ionian, and Aegean Seas.
Greek Legend: Trojan War
In 1200 B.C. the Greeks fought against Troy,
supposedly because a Trojan prince captured Queen
Helen of Greece. Did they win because of a horse?
Early Greece- people live in city-states
 A city state is a strong city and its countryside
that works together as a mini country
How did Greece rule all of these people?
 Monarchy- rule by one strong leader and king
 Aristocracy- rule by the rich
 Oligarchy- rule by a few powerful men(usually
military)
 Democracy- rule by the people, started in 600 B.C
to protect all people under the laws (so the rich
can’t overrule the poor)
 Tyrant- powerful people that seize government
Direct Democracy- Every citizen votes for laws
 Benefits? Disadvantages?
 Who is a citizen?
 The first successful powerful democracy was in
Athens, a city state
The Golden Age of Greece!!- Greece Flourishes
Pericles Rules Ancient Greece around 435 B.C.
3 Goals1. Strengthen Athenian Democracy
2. Strengthen Empire
3. Glorify Athens with Arts, Culture,
Sculptures, Architecture, Theater
Under Pericles Athens is at the TOP
 Delian League
-Athens is part of this trade group- POWER
- Athens makes big $ trading
- Athens builds a powerful navy
- Pericles uses $ from trade to glorify Athens
through statues, buildings, art, culture
- Parthenon is built to worship Athena,
goddess of wisdom
 Culture Flourishes
- Arts, Theater, Architecture, Sculpture,
become a main part of Athenian life
- Theater is key to development- Comedies
and Tragedies reflected Greek Life
 Athenians look to Philosophers- lover of wisdom
1. Universe is orderly
2. Logic and Reason
Socrates- Question Life
Plato- The Republic-perfect gov’t, loved knowledge
Aristotle- Scientist, Logic, Scientific Method,
taught Alexander the Great
Case study: 2 strong city-states
 What is a city-state? How do they compete with
each other?
Athens
Sparta
Government Democracy with a Oligarchy with
law code
Leadership by a few
military leaders
Education
Wealthy boysMilitary educationgrammar, poetry, physical agility and
history, math,
strength major
athletics
emphasis
Culture
Arts, theater,
Military service age
music,
7-60, simplicity and
architecture,
stoicism
sculpture
Women
Taught at home
Encouraged to train
how to raise
militarily, had much
children, cook,
more freedom and
and clean
power in society
Military
Strong Navy
Strong Army
Peloponnesian War starts
- mainly Athens (and allies) vs. Sparta ( and allies)
- at first even, but then a plague hits Athens
- Sparta begins to dominate and destroy Athen’s
empire, wealth, and power
- Sparta wins Peloponnesian War