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Energy Policy-Related Programs and Projects at Harvard
Overview: 2007-2008
Biofuels and Globalization Project
Under the direction of the Sustainability Science Program, this effort seeks to advance
basic understanding of the dynamics of human-environment systems; to facilitate the
design, implementation, and evaluation of practical interventions that promote
sustainability in particular places and contexts; and to improve linkages between relevant
research and innovation communities on the one hand, and relevant policy and
management communities on the other. The Biofuels and Globalizaton project examines
the trade, economic development, and environmental dimensions of the emerging global
biofuels industry. (Henry Lee, Robert Lawrence, and Ricardo Hausmann, Investigators)
The Center for Health and the Global Environment
The Center for Health and the Global Environment works to expand environmental
education at medical schools and to further investigate and promote awareness of the
human health consequences of global environmental change. Core programs related to
energy policy include the development of courses and curricula to educate professionals
and the public about the dependency of human health on the health of the environment;
annual courses on environment and human health held for members of Congress and their
staffs; the Scientists and Evangelicals Initiative, which works to develop relationships of
trust and mutual respect and understanding between leading members of the scientific
and evangelical communities; and the Media and Outreach project, which hosts numerous
activities designed for a wide range of audiences to increase awareness about human
health and global environmental change. (Eric Chivan, Director; Paul R. Epstein,
Associate Director)
The China Project
The Harvard China Project conducts peer-reviewed research related to China’s
atmospheric environment, to build knowledge underpinning strategies to address local air
quality and greenhouse gas emissions in concert. The Project pursues two collaborative
mandates: crossing disciplines and schools at Harvard, and partnering with Chinese
universities. It has built up advanced research capacities in atmospheric transport and
chemistry (both modeling and field measurement); general equilibrium modeling of
China’s economy, energy use, and emissions; pollution exposure assessment; health
impacts and valuation; household surveys; urban transport planning and emissions;
assessment of meteorological energy resources (wind and solar); and, ultimately,
integrating these areas to assess full costs and benefits of policy options. (Michael B.
McElroy, Chair; Chris Nielsen, Executive Director; Dale Jorgenson, James Hammitt,
Peter Rogers, and William Munger, Principal Investigators of component studies.)
Energy Technology Innovation Policy Group
The Energy Technology Innovation Policy research group (ETIP) aims to determine and
then seek to promote adoption of effective strategies for developing and deploying
cleaner and more efficient energy technologies, primarily in three of the biggest energyOverview: Programs and Projects -
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consuming nations in the world: the United States, China, and India. ETIP researchers
seek to identify and promote strategies that these countries can pursue, separately and
collaboratively, for accelerating the development and deployment of advanced energy
options that can reduce conventional air pollution, minimize future greenhouse-gas
emissions, reduce dependence on oil, facilitate poverty alleviation, and promote
economic development. ETIP staff and fellows this year are researching a range of topics
including the deployment of advanced coal technologies in China, the Indian coal sector,
Chinese energy consumption, and U.S. transportation policy. (Kelly Sims Gallagher,
Director; John Holdren and Henry Lee, Co-Principal Investigators)
Future of Energy Initiative
The Harvard University Center for the Environment (HUCE)’s Future of Energy
Initiative encourages interdisciplinary research and education about energy technologies,
consequences, and policy issues. The Center awards research seed grants, sponsors postdoctoral fellows and visiting scholars, supports student energy reading and discussion
groups, and holds a flagship “Future of Energy” speaker series to serve as a focal point
for the connection of scientific, engineering, and public policy discussion of energy
issues. (Daniel Schrag, Faculty Director; Jim Clem, Managing Director)
The Harvard Electricity Policy Group
The Harvard Electricity Policy Group (HEPG) provides a forum for the analysis and
discussion of important policy issues facing the electricity industry. Founded in 1993, its
objectives are to study, analyze and engage discourse on the problems associated with the
transition from monopoly to a more competitive electricity market. With the involvement
of scholars, market participants, regulators, policy makers, and advocates for various
positions and interests, HEPG seeks to foster more informed, highly focused open debate
in order to contribute to the wider public policy agenda affecting the electric sector.
Through research, information dissemination, and regular seminars, HEPG facilitates
discussion, which leads to the development of new ideas or to an expansion of the debate.
Participants include electricity industry executives from public power and investorowned utilities, independent power producers, consumer advocates, regulators, energy
officials from both state and federal governments, representatives of the environmental
and financial communities, and academics. (William Hogan, Research Director; Ashley
Brown, Executive Director)
Harvard Green Campus Initiative
The mission of the Harvard Green Campus Initiative (HGCI) is to make Harvard
University a living laboratory and learning organization for the pursuit of campus
sustainability. The business model of the HGCI is fundamentally entrepreneurial in its
approach as it continuously develops and sells new services to schools and departments
that want to both save money and reduce their environmental impacts. HGCI is a service
organization consisting of 19 professional staff and 40 part-time students that have been
trained and managed to work on building upgrades, building construction and design,
behavioral change, procurement practice, renewable energy, staff training, waste
reduction, ongoing environmental education, recycling, and more. (John Spengler and
Thomas Vautin, Co-Chairs; Leith Sharp, Director)
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Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements
Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements, launched in July 2007, helps
identify key design elements of a scientifically sound, economically rational, and
politically pragmatic post-2012 international policy architecture for global climate
change. The Project recently entered its second stage, which focuses on original
research, hosting two workshops in spring 2008—one in Cambridge and one in Venice,
Italy—for key scholars working on international climate change policy. (Robert Stavins
and Joseph Aldy, Co-Directors)
Populism and Natural Resources project
The Populism and Natural Resources project brings together a broad range of
international and Harvard-based researchers to examine the problems that countries face
in setting up a credible and stable regime for the exploitation of natural resources. One of
the most serious problems in expanding the supply of non-renewal resources in the
developing world are the recurrent contract renegotiations to which the sector is usually
subject during boom-bust cycles. Economists have developed substantial tools that have
helped us understand how to set up optimal contracts, design auctions, hedge risks,
provide insurance, and even how to address concerns on fairness, thus addressing the
very issues that have hindered successful long term contracts. In addition, economic
history can also provide important clues for bettering the institutional scheme that is
required to deal with the boom-bust cycle. The project provides a unique opportunity to
span the bridge between recent analytical developments and practical implications. The
project's first product will be a major volume that applies contract theory to natural
resource issues and offers case studies of the oil industry in Bolivia, Argentina, and
Venezuela. (William Hogan, Research Director)
Project on Managing the Atom
The Project on Managing the Atom (MTA) brings together scholars and practitioners
who conduct policy-relevant research on key issues affecting the future of nuclear
weapons, the nuclear proliferation regime, and nuclear energy. A major focus of MTA
research and policy engagement is how nuclear energy could be made as cheap, safe,
secure, and proliferation-resistant as possible—and how the problem of radioactive waste
can be successfully addressed. The Project sponsors an international group of resident
fellows and a bi-weekly research seminar. (John Holdren, Henry Lee, and Steven Miller,
Co-Principal Investigators; Matthew Bunn, Senior Research Associate; Martin Malin,
Executive Director)
Regulatory Policy Program
The Regulatory Policy Program serves as a clearinghouse for faculty work on regulation.
This past year, the Regulatory Policy Program made regulation and climate the focus of
its year-long seminar series. Current research examines the roles of alternative regulatory
instruments, including voluntary approaches, management-based strategies, and industry
self-regulation, in achieving policy goals. (Erich Muehlegger, Faculty Chair)
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Sociotechnical Imaginaries and Science and Technology Policy: A Cross-National
Comparison
Under the Program on Science, Technology, and Society, this two-year project, which
began in September 2007, aims to develop a new theoretical framework for
understanding the global politics of science and technology, by using case studies
focused on three specific technologies: nuclear power, stem cells and closing, and
nanotechnology. (Sheila Jasanoff, Director)
For more information, contact:
Louisa Lund
Program Director
Energy Policy Research Programs
(617) 495-8693
[email protected]
Date Prepared: July 31, 2008
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Harvard Energy Policy-Related Activities Detail, by Topic Area
2007-2008
Carbon capture and storage
 ETIP Research Fellow Jeff Bielicki presented on his ongoing work on his "Carbon
Sequesterer" model, which identifies the "supply curve" that results from matching
spatially heterogeneous sources of CO2 with spatially heterogeneous CO2 storage
sites. Bielicke developed this with colleagues at Los Alamos and Oak Ridge National
Laboratories. Bielicke spoke about his work before audiences at the Harvard Kennedy
School, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Columbia University, National Energy
Technology Laboratory, Princeton University, and the Garrison Institute.
 In February 2008, ETIP researchers John Holdren and Kelly Gallagher joined the 2008
Annual Meeting of the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University. There,
they reported on ETIP’s collaborative work with the CMI team at Princeton and
planned for activities in the coming year.
 ETIP Associate Jennie Stephens is continuing her work on the socio-political aspects
of emerging energy technologies -- particularly CCS -- in the United States. Having
won a grant from the NSF to study this, she recently published an article on this
subject in Technological Forecasting and Social Change (in press). Stephens presented
her work at the 2008 AAAS Annual Meeting in Boston.
 In June 2008 ETIP brought together a group of colleagues from industry, government,
academia, the media, and the civil sector to discuss "Public Perception of Carbon
Capture and Storage Technology."
Climate change, carbon pricing, trading, and international agreements
 In a Hamilton Project/Brookings Institution paper published in the Fall of 2007,
Robert Stavins argued that the United States should adopt a cap-and-trade system for
carbon emissions. Professor Stavins also discussed his work at a forum organized by
the Hamilton Project/ Brookings Institution analyzing his and a competing proposal.
 The Harvard Environmental Economics Program launched The Harvard Project on
International Climate Agreements (HPICA), which is working to help identify key
design elements of a scientifically sound, economically rational, and politically
pragmatic post-2012 international policy architecture for global climate change. In
the Spring of 2008, the Project entered its second stage, hosting a March 2008
workshop for key scholars and other thinkers working on international climate change
policy.
 In September 2007, Architectures for Agreement, edited by Project Directors Joseph
Aldy and Robert Stavins, was published by Cambridge University Press.
 The HPICA Directors gave six presentations on international policy architectures
around the United States, in Brussels, and in Bali at the Council of the Parties 13
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gathering.
 HPICA has been enlisted to advise the Danish Prime Minister in preparing for his role
as President of the Conference of the Parties 15 in December 2008, which is expected
to play an important part in reaching a post-Kyoto treaty.
 Twenty-five research projects are ongoing as part of “Stage 2” of the HPICA work.
The Project has held two research workshops at which researchers met to discuss and
refine their ideas.
 Gallagher, Collantes, Holdren, Lee, and Frosch of ETIP modeled the policy options
outlined in their Summer 2007 “Policy Options for Reducing Greenhouse-Gas
Emissions and Oil Consumption from the Transportation Sector” paper using the
National Energy Modeling System. Gallagher and Collantes presented briefings on
the members and staff in the House and Senate, US EPA staff, executives from Ford,
GM and UAW, and the ICCT and National Commission on Energy Policy. The
paper is available as a discussion paper, and is forthcoming in Energy Policy.
 In April 2008, Energy Policy Research Programs at Harvard hosted Shell’s Chief
Economist and other senior management for an invitation-only workshop on the Shell
energy future scenarios, “Scrambles vs. Blueprints.”
 Forest Reinhardt and Mikell Hyman of the Harvard Business School published a case
study on Global Climate Change and British Petroleum.
 ETIP worked with colleagues in China and India, and the Woods Hole Research
Center on a project examining “Win-Win” climate policies in the four rapidlydeveloping countries of China, India, Brazil, and Mexico. The resulting report was
presented at the Conference of Parties in Bali in December 2007, and to the Chinese,
Brazilian, and Indian governments in their respective capitols.
 Gallagher published a paper in Current History in November/December 2007 about
the magnitude and difficulty of tackling the climate change challenge in China, given
China’s heavy dependence on coal. Gallagher was also named to a task force cosponsored by the Brookings Institution, Council on Foreign Relations, and Asia
Society on U.S.-China Climate Relations. She was also appointed as an International
Task Force member for the China Council for International Cooperation on
Environment and Development on Innovation for Environmental Protection.
 A June 2008 conference on “Managing in a Global Era” at the Harvard Business
School featured discussions of ongoing research by HBS faculty, including “Energy
and Globalization in Historical Perspectives” by Rawi Abdelal and Tarun Khanna;
“The Rise of the Global Wind Industry,” presented by Richard Vietor; and “Markets
for Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” presented by Andre Perold and Forest Reinhardt.
 In April 2008, the Harvard Law School and Duke University jointly held a two-day
workshop on carbon trading schemes and the use of carbon offsets. Panelists and
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invitees provided a broad range of expertise, and included policy makers, offset
market participants, state officials, and academics.
 The Harvard Law School’s new Environmental Law and Policy Clinic began
providing placements and projects for law students, a number of which are energyfocused, including the preparation of a consumer’s guide to the purchase of
renewable energy; preparation of proposals for and testimony in support of legislative
reforms to improve access to renewable energy by consumers and municipalities;
analysis of the legal aspects of the use of tidal, wave, and solar energy for electricity
production; development of a model green label rule; and work on lawsuits involving
false environmental advertising and the right of regulators to deny air quality permits
to facilities that emit carbon dioxide.
 The Regulatory Policy Program at the Harvard Kennedy School pursued a year-long
theme in its New Directions in Regulation speaker series related to regulation and
climate change. Topics addressed included a discussion of EU emissions trading by
A. Denny Ellerman, a presentation by Robert Stavins of his proposal for a U.S. Capand-Trade system, an overview by Jody Freeman of the Harvard Law School of the
implications of the Supreme Court’s decision in Massachusetts v. EPA with regard to
global warming, a presentation and working paper by Ian Sue Wing and Marek
Kolodziej on the Regional Greenhouse gas Initiative, and a presentation by visiting
scholar Charles Kolstad on economics and climate change.
 The Center for Health and the Global Environment’s Evangelical partnership
travelled to Alaska to view the effects of climate change. Their partnership led to
their being named together in Time Magazine’s 2008 list of the world’s most
influential people.

The Center for Health and the Global Environment will release a report in July
entitled Healthy Solutions for the Low Carbon Economy: Guidelines for Investors,
Insurers and Policy Makers. The report examines the suite of energy choices
available­the “stabilization wedges”­through the health and environmental lens,
advancing the methodologies: 1. Net energy balance assessments; and 2. Life cycle
analyses of the potential health, ecological and economic consequences of proposed
technologies and practices. The report draws on precautionary tales passed down by
the insurance sector; namely the “long tails” of decades of health, liability and
insurance costs, from asbestos, tobacco, lead and industrial toxins. The aim is to
separate safe solutions to scale up today from those warranting further research before
they are widely adopted. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions 80% (or more) below
1990 levels with the aim of stabilizing the climate will require rapidly scaling up a
comprehensive set of safe measures, primed with a coordinated mix of financial and
policy instruments.
Energy and economic development: China and India
 The China Project published Clearing the Air: the Health and Economic Damages of
Air Pollution in China, edited by Mun Ho and Chris Nielsen (2007, MIT Press). This
five-year integrated study by Harvard and Chinese economists, engineers, and health
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scientists estimates the national health and economic damages of air pollution,
attributed by economic sector. It then uses the estimates to assess economy-wide
costs and benefits of market-based approaches to national emission control, notably
damage-weighted “green” taxes. The results suggest such policies could reduce
domestic air pollution, reduce health damages, and reduce China’s carbon trajectory
while, depending on use of revenues, sustaining its economic growth over the long
run (described as “an offer that a government cannot refuse” by The Lancet). In any
case, the study finds that the costs of such policies are modest compared to the
benefits.
 In 2008 the China Project is seed-funded to begin assessing costs and benefits of
national carbon control options in China, including general equilibrium effects
throughout the economy and potentially very significant co-benefits of avoided air
pollution damages from cleaner and more efficient energy supply. This initiative
integrates the Project’s two most powerful research capacities: 1) its economicengineering-health framework developed in Clearing the Air (above); and 2) its
atmospheric model of China, nested in Harvard’s global model and validated by
scientific observations; along with 3) detailed combustion emission inventories
developed at Tsinghua.
 ETIP Fellow Lifeng Zhao, ETIP Director Kelly Gallagher, and colleagues from the
Chinese Academy of Sciences wrote a follow-up paper to their December 2007
Energy Policy article, "Research, Development, Demonstration, and Early
Deployment Policies for Advanced-Coal Technology in China." The new paper
provides an economic assessment of advanced coal technologies in China and is
available from Energy Policy. More recently, Zhao traveled to Birmingham, Alabama
to meet with engineers at Southern Company to discuss their progress on technologies
that could have important implications for the Chinese coal industry.
 Following a successful in-use vehicle emissions testing project in Tianjin, in March
2008 ETIP began a similar project in cooperation with the Beijing authorities, led by
ETIP Research Fellow Hongyan He Oliver.
 The U.S.-China Strategic Economic Dialogue, led by U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry
Paulson and Vice Premier Wang Qishan, includes an environmental research
component structured by the national economic framework of Clearing the Air
(above). China Project economists Dale Jorgenson, Mun Ho, and Jing Cao led the
national cost and benefit assessment of China’s 2006-2010 energy saving and
pollution abatement policies. A “Summary for Policymakers,” signed by the heads of
the two countries’ EPAs, was released in December, 2007. The next phase of research
is expected to apply the model to prospective sulfur trading in China.
 A 2007 scientific article by China Project scientists Yuxuan Wang, Michael McElroy,
and partners used satellite observations and the Project’s air quality model to quantify
strong emission reductions from traffic restrictions during a test run for the Beijing
Olympics. The study gained news coverage in Science online, BBC World Service,
Financial Times, and NASA and European Space Agency publications.
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 A forthcoming article by China Project scientists Wang, McElroy, William Munger,
Chris Nielsen, and others uses high-precision observations from the Project’s station
north of the city to show how strongly meteorology, not just combustion, drives
summer ozone levels in Beijing. Accepted for publication in Atmospheric Chemistry
and Physics in advance of the Olympics, it is expected draw strong media attention.
 ETIP Research Fellow Ananth Chikkatur and Research Associate Ambuj Sagar are
deeply involved in a series of workshops convened by the Indian Planning
Commission and the Administrative Staff College of India to discuss a range of issues
relating to the coal and coal-power sectors in India. The second seminar in the series,
on coal mining technologies and socio-environmental issues, was held in January
2008 at the Indian Institute for Coal Management, Ranchi.
Energy security
 The Harvard Kennedy School completed its year-long energy and security faculty
search with the appointment of Matthew Bunn as an Associate Professor. Professor
Bunn’s research interests include nuclear theft and terrorism, nuclear proliferation
and measures to control it, and the future of nuclear energy and its fuel cycle. Before
coming to Harvard, Bunn served as an adviser to the White House Office of Science
and Technology Policy, as a study director at the National Academy of Sciences, and
as editor of Arms Control Today. He is the author or co-author of more than a dozen
books or major technical reports, and dozens of articles in publications ranging from
Science to The Washington Post. He is an elected Fellow of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science; a recipient of the American Physical
Society’s Joseph A. Burton Forum Award for “outstanding contributions in helping to
formulate policies to decrease the risks of theft of nuclear weapons and nuclear
materials”; and the recipient of the Hans A. Bethe Award from the Federation of
American Scientists for “science in service to a more secure world.”
 The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, in collaboration with
Securing America’s Future Energy, has developed an Oil ShockWave College
Curriculum--a complete package for use in college and university classrooms to
enable students to enact a scenario in which U.S. Cabinet members contend with a
simulated oil crisis. On April 28, 2008, a demonstration of the new curriculum was
held in the John F. Kennedy Jr. Forum with a group of former White House advisors
and senior government officials contending with a simulated oil crisis.
 On November 1-2, 2007, the Populism and Natural Resources project hosted a
workshop to explore the problem that countries face in setting up a credible and stable
regime for the exploitation of natural resources. Forty-seven participants from
academia, business, and government explored this question in depth, using methods
ranging from high-level economic models to case studies of the interaction between
government and the oil industry in Argentina and Bolivia.
At the workshop, paper authors responded to comments from discussants and the
other workshop members. Since the workshop, the authors have been revising their
chapters to incorporate insights gained in discussion. The resulting volume is under
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review with MIT Press.

Kelly Gallagher and Erich Muehlegger released a faculty working paper “Giving
Green to Get Green? Incentives and Consumer Adoption of Hybrid Vehicle
Technology”, which explores why consumers bought energy-efficient hybrid-electric
vehicles. The paper is under review at the American Economic Journal: Economic
Policy.
Local and institutional energy policy

The Kennedy School’s Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston and the Harvard
University Center for the Environment co-sponsored a workshop on “Green Cities,”
which was attended by numerous local government officials and by the Mayor of
Boston.
 Edward Glaeser, Director of the Rappaport Institute and of the Taubman Center for
State and Local Government, co-authored (with Matthew Kahn of UCLA) a working
paper on the “Greenness of Cities,” comparing the relative carbon impact of typical
energy-use patterns among residents of major American cities.
 The Institute of Politics hosted a panel of mayors at the Kenney School Forum.
Mayors from Albuquerque, Honolulu, Seattle, and Trenton gathered to discuss how
cities are responding to the climate crisis.
 In February 2008, Harvard University hosted the 21st annual campus energy
conference, sponsored by the International District Energy Association. The theme
focused on clean energy and sustainable campuses.
 President Drew Faust has formed a task force of faculty, students, and administrators
charged with examining Harvard’s greenhouse gas emissions and recommending a
University-wide greenhouse gas reduction goal. William C. Clark, Harvey Brooks
Professor of International Science Public Policy and Human Development at the
Harvard Kennedy School of Government, is chairing the Task Force.
 Professors Majid Ezzati (Harvard School of Public Health), John Spengler (Harvard
School of Public Health), and Matt Welsh (Harvard School of Engineering and
Applied Science) are collaborating on research funded by the Sustainability Science
Program at Harvard’s Center for International Development to understand the
continued use of biomass fuels in the process of urbanization, and its effects on local
environmental conditions, leveraging data from an ongoing project on air pollution
exposure in Accra, Ghana.
 Harvard earned an A-, the highest grade earned in 2008, on the Sustainable
Endowments Institute’s Green Report Card.
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Energy Markets
 The Harvard Electricity Policy Group (HEPG) held its Fiftieth Plenary Session in
Boulder, Colorado in February. HEPG also met at the beginning and end of the
academic year at the Harvard Kennedy School and held a December plenary in Los
Angeles. The group discussed timely issues affecting the industry including: the siting
of federal transmission corridors; risk allocation for generation and transmission
investment in an unbundled competitive market; market power mitigation; retail
procurement mechanisms; and the potential for nuclear power. As more global
agreement was reached on environmental impacts, HEPG turned to the review and
implementation of effective solutions to reduce emissions.
 In FY 08, 25 member entities comprised HEPG, including generation, distribution,
and transmission companies, independent system operators from New York,
California, New England, the Midwest, and PJM Interconnection (Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, and Maryland), and institutions and sector associations. Sessions were also
attended by regulators from Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Illinois, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Utah, Vermont, and
Ontario, as well as commissioners and senior staff of the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission.
 HEPG maintains an extensive web-based research library
(www.hks.harvard.edu/hepg) that consistently comes up first on a Google search of
electricity policy.
 Visiting CBG Research Fellows from ENEL Corporation worked with HEPG staff
and members throughout the country to study US issues with capacity markets and
US anti-trust laws governing retail access marketing that could be implemented in the
new Italian competitive market,
Nuclear energy
 The Program on Science, Technology, and Society began a two-year project on
“Sociotechnical Imaginaries and Science and Technology Policy: A Cross-National
Comparison.” One of three technologies to be examined in a cross-national
comparison is nuclear power.
 A new working group on the future of nuclear energy was established by Managing
the Atom Senior Research Associate Matthew Bunn. The group will meet regularly
to exchange ideas and engage a broader set of researchers in work focused on
managing the benefits and risks of nuclear energy.
 Managing the Atom Senior Research Associate Matthew Bunn and Belfer Center
Director Graham Allison began preparing the first draft of a report by an independent
panel commissioned by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DirectorGeneral Mohammed ElBaradei on the future of the IAEA, and launched a joint
project with Russian colleagues (led by Evgeniy Velikhov, President of the
Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy) on steps the U.S. and Russian governments
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can take to promote safe and secure growth of nuclear energy.
Technological innovation
 In January 2008, ETIP began a three-year project on Energy Research, Development,
and Deployment Policy, funded by a grant from the Doris Duke Charitable
Foundation.
 ETIP Director Kelly Gallagher updated the DOE Budget Authority for Energy
Research, Development, and Demonstration Database to incorporate the President’s
request for Fiscal Year 2009. ETIP worked with Matt Bunn and Laura Diaz Anadon
to write an analysis of the 2009 request.
 In November, HUCE organized a two-day, invitation-only workshop to discuss the
feasibility of climate engineering: using technological means to manipulate the Earth’s
atmosphere and reverse global warming. The 50 participants consisted of top climate
scientists, engineers, physicists, political scientists, historians, and economists,
including former Harvard President Lawrence Summers. The workshop was covered
in the New York Times, Science, and Nature.
 In mid-April 2008, ETIP convened a diverse group of representatives for a workshop
on the "Electrification of Energy" from major utilities, auto companies, regulatory
bodies, research institutes and academia to discuss the prospects for greater utilization
of electricity, predominately by the transportation and heating sectors. The discussion
touched upon a vast array of issues that are central to the questions of how society
could, if it should at all, significantly increase the use of electricity, and what would be
the implications of increased electrification. ETIP staff note the following take-aways
from the discussion: 1) the principal stakeholders have had very limited dialogue, 2)
major challenges await any significant movement toward electrification, 3) current
institutions and structures are inadequate for the task, though 4) collectively the
resources and will to transform the energy system do exist. A research agenda was
formulated at the workshop.
Transportation and biofuels
 ETIP researchers continued investigating the role of biofuels in reducing greenhouse
gases from the auto sector. In May, the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, Mr. Ed Schafer,
visited the Belfer Center for a talk on "The Environment and Biofuels," and later
ETIP co-PI Henry Lee and Professor Bill Clark spent some time briefing him on
ETIP’s work on biofuels.
 In January, ETIP Fellow Gustavo Collantes traveled to South America to gain insight
into current activities related to biofuel production in Brazil and Argentina
specifically, and to understand the potential implications of the expected expansion in
biofuel production. Based on his visit, he began work on a paper on certification of
low-carbon biofuels. Collantes also published a paper on CAFE and biofuels.
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 In September, the Sustainability Science Program hosted a day-long discussion which
addressed topics that included biofuels and economic development.
 In April, Henry Lee, Gustavo Collantes, and Rodrigo Wagner of the Harvard Kennedy
School briefed the EPA on HKS biofuels research, focusing on policy options for
encouraging biofuel production and consumption.
 The Biofuels and Globalization Project at the Harvard Kennedy School held a May
2008 Executive Session on Biofuels and Sustainable Development in San Servolo
Island, Italy, in cooperation with the Italian Ministry for Environment, Land, and Sea
and Venice International University. The off-the-record session brought together 30
scholars and practitioners from Latin America, Africa, Europe, and the United States.
 ETIP’s “Electrification of Energy” workshop (discussed in detail above in the
category “Technological Innovation,”) examined the potential for electrification of
transport.
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Energy Policy-Related Fellows at Harvard
2007-2008
Osvaldo Agripino de Castro Jr. is Professor of Regulation of Transports and Harbours
and Maritime Law at Fundação Getúlio Vargas (Rio de Janeiro) and Master in Law
Program of UNIVALI, Santa Catarina. Deck Officer Brazilian Merchant Marine
(1983/1987). B.A. Law School of State of Rio de Janeiro University; LLM.
Constitutional Law (1996); PhD in Law and Development (UFSC); Visiting Scholar at
Stanford Law School (2000). Author of Introduction to Law and Development:
Comparative Study to reform judicial system (Brazilian Bar Association, 2004, 864 p.)
among others publications about US/Brazilian Legal Systems, Comparative Law,
Maritime Law and Regulatory Law. Research interests: Regulation of Infrastructure
(harbours and transports). (M-RCBG Fellow)
Dr. Michael Burns is a project manager for South Africa’s Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research Sustainability Science Programme. Burns’ work focuses on the
practical implications of sustainability science in a developing world context and includes
an examination of the impact of the petroleum sector on the resilience of the Niger Delta
social-ecological system. (Giorgio Ruffolo Research Fellow in Sustainability Science)
Jeff Bielicki is a mechanical engineer pursuing a Ph.D. in public policy at Harvard. His
dissertation focuses on carbon capture and storage. Bielicki has worked as a mechanical
engineer at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the Laboratory of Laser
Energetics at the University of Rochester. (ETIP Fellow)
Altay Cengizer is the Ambassador from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic
of Turkey. His research focuses on how the solution of frozen conflicts will help more
secure energy politics to emerge. (Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Fellow).
Daniele Cesano is the Founder of CO2nnect, a project development consultancy based in
Italy and specializing in carbon markets and renewable energy, particularly bioenergy.
His research aims to identify and develop appropriate frameworks for the development
and dissemination of small-scale family agricultural systems in the semi-arid regions of
Brazil and Mozambique, to develop a replicable model that increases agricultural
productivity and promotes the production of biofuels. (Giorgio Ruffolo Research Fellow
in Sustainability Science)
Dan Chen is a doctoral candidate in environmental engineering at Tsinghua University,
currently resident at the Harvard China Project in the School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences. She is increasing the spatial resolution of an air quality model of China nested
in Harvard’s global atmospheric model, to improve estimation of energy-derived
emissions, air pollution concentrations, and impacts on human health and agriculture.
(China Project Fellow)
Dr. Ananth Chikkatur’s current research interests include implementing cleaner coal
technologies and advanced biomass gasifiers in India, rural electrification, and
international climate change. (ETIP Fellow)
Fellows -
1
Gustavo Collantes holds a PhD in transportation technology and policy from the
University of California at Davis. Until recently, he led the Policy and Business Strategy
track of the Hydrogen Pathways project at UC Davis. He is a member of the Public
Policy Committee of the Electric Drive Transportation Association and has advised staff
members of the U.S. Congress. (ETIP Fellow)
Mark Fagan’s work focuses on the creation of competitive markets. He has published
working papers and articles examining the role of small and medium size enterprises in
the economic development of China, the impact of electricity restructuring on electricity
prices in the United States, the results of rail freight deregulation in the United States on
market share in contrast to the European experience, and the institutional innovation
required to support technological innovation. Mr. Fagan is founding partner of the
management and consulting firm, Norbridge, Inc, and was Vice President at Mercer
Management Consulting. He holds a Masters degree in regional planning and
transportation from Harvard University. (M-RCBG Fellow)
Eichiro Fujii is the Manager of the Regional Planning Department of the Tokyo Gas
Company. His research interests focus on corporate alliances and firm restructuring in
the energy industry. (Program on U.S.-Japan Relations Associate)
Garth Heutel is an economist who studies the dynamic interactions between
environmental policies and economic issues. As an Environmental Fellow, Garth plans
to continue modeling and analyzing environmental policies using recently developed
computational methods. He will work with Richard Zeckhauser, the Frank Plumpton
Ramsey Professor of Political Economy at the Kennedy School of Government. Garth’s
first research project at Harvard will examine other cases of grandfathering in
environmental policies, such as the New Source Review policy of the Clean Air Act or
Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards for new automobiles. Garth plans to
develop a dynamic model of consumer choice of automobiles in the presence of these
policies and estimate the model to evaluate the impact of policy changes. He also plans a
study of the relationship between real business cycles and optimal environmental policy.
(Harvard University Center for the Environment Fellow)
Mun Ho has a Ph.D. in economics from Harvard University and is a senior researcher in
the Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Sciences and at Resources for the Future in
Washington, DC. He and Dale Jorgenson have led the China Project’s economic research
for fourteen years, working with numerous collaborators to develop, refine, and update a
34-sector general equilibrium model of the Chinese economy with emphasis on energy
use and emissions. He is the lead economist in the China Project’s integrated framework
for assessing total health and economic impacts of emission control options in China.
(China Project Fellow)
Godstime James is a doctoral candidate in the Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program at the
University of Missouri at Kansas City. His major discipline is Geosciences with an
emphasis on applied remote sensing and geographic information science. His dissertation
research focuses on human-environment interactions and socio-economic impacts in
coastal areas with emphasis on the impact of oil and gas exploration and extraction in the
Fellows -
2
Mangrove ecological zone in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. (Giorgio Ruffolo
Doctoral Fellow in Sustainability Science).
Juha Kiviluoma is a PhD candidate at Helsinki University of Technology. He is
employed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and received a one-year
Fulbright grant to work on his thesis in the U.S. Kiviluoma holds a MS in environmental
science and studies from the University of Helsinki. (ETIP Fellow)
Naoki Kobayashi is a Senior Engineer at the Tokyo Electric Power Company. His
research interests focus on the World Trade Organization, the harmonization of
regulatory standards, and energy companies. (Program on U.S.-Japan Relations
Associate)
Yu Lei recently received his Ph.D. in environmental engineering from Tsinghua
University and will now be a post-doctoral researcher in the Harvard China Project in the
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Among other research he has developed a
state-of-the-art, bottom-up emission inventory for non-power industrial sectors in China.
(China Project Fellow)
Jintai Lin has a Ph.D. in atmospheric chemistry from the University of Illinois-Urbana
Champaign and is a post-doctoral researcher in the Harvard China Project in the School
of Engineering and Applied Sciences. He works on the atmospheric science of the
Project’s integrated framework for assessing total health and economic impacts of
emission control options in China. (China Project Fellow)
Xi Lu is a doctoral candidate in the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences. He is using NASA and European meteorological databases developed for and
validated by hundreds of global air quality studies to quantify total wind and solar
resource potentials in the U.S., China, and the world. (China Project Fellow)
Kira Matus is a doctoral candidate in the Public Policy Program in the Sustainability
Science program at the Harvard Kennedy School of government. She is working with the
Green Chemistry Institute to explore the potential of green chemistry as a “leap-frog”
technology in the United States, India, and China. (Giorgio Ruffolo Doctoral Fellow in
Sustainability Science).
Jonas Meckling is a PhD candidate in International Relations at the London School of
Economics. His current research focuses on the role of European and US companies in
climate politics. He has worked for the European Commission on environmental issues
and has masters degrees from the London School of Economics and the University of
Oldenburg, Germany. (ETIP Fellow)
Reiko Nakamura is Professor of Economics at the National Graduate Institute for Policy
Studies. Her research interest is in the regional market approach to controlling
greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. and Asia-Pacific region. (Program on U.S.-Japan
Relations Associate)
Fellows -
3
Hongyan He Oliver's current research focuses on sustainable transportation, energy
security, and climate change in China, in particular, as well as technologies and policies
concerning vehicle emissions, energy efficiency, and alternative fuels. She holds a Ph.D.
from the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Stanford University (2005), a
Master's degree in environmental economics and policy (1999) and a Bachelor's degree in
environmental sciences (1996) from Beijing University. (ETIP Fellow)
Peng Ru is a Ph.D. candidate in public management at Tsinghua University, where he
also received his M.S. in public management and B.S. in thermal engineering. He is an
assistant researcher and assistant director of the Center for Science, Technology and
Education Policy at Tsinghua University (CSTEP) and is the vice president of All-China
Students Federation. (ETIP Fellow)
Guiseppe Tribuzzi holds a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Rome
University. He is currently Head of the Electricity Market Unit in the Regulatory Affairs
Department of the ENEL Corporation SpA. His research fellowship, to be sponsored by
ENEL, will focus on the definition of the electricity market scheme which can provide
ancillary services with the best quality standard and lowest prices. (M-RCBG Fellow)
Francesca Valente is the current Head of Regulatory Affairs and Antitrust Practices for
ENEL Energy SpA. She holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Law from the Libera Università
Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli, Rome. Also to be sponsored by ENEL,
her research will be concerned with the structure of relevant electricity markets in PJM
system in order to investigate the concentration index of market shares, in particular the
retail market. Also, to further analyze how retail sales of electricity work in PJM system,
making a comparison with the EU and Italian market. (M-RCBG Fellow)
Rui Wang recently received his Ph.D. in public policy from Harvard University, through
the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. His Ph.D. research models transportation
choice in Chinese cities. (China Project Fellow)
Yuxuan Wang has a Ph.D. in atmospheric chemistry from Harvard University, and is a
research associate and lecturer in the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. She developed a highresolution air quality model of China nested within Harvard global atmospheric model,
and is the lead scientist in the China Project’s integrated framework for assessing total
health and economic impacts of emission control options in China. (China Project
Fellow)
Lifeng Zhao’s research focuses on advanced coal technology and related policies that
promote the development and deployment of these technologies in China. Dr. Zhao holds
a Doctor of Engineering Thermophysics from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and
comes to the Kennedy School from the Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics at the
Chinese Academy of Sciences. (ETIP Fellow)
Yu Zhao recently received his Ph.D. in environmental engineering from Tsinghua
University and will now be a post-doctoral researcher in the Harvard China Project in the
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Among other research he has developed a
Fellows -
4
state-of-the-art, bottom-up emission inventory for the electric power sector in China.
(China Project Fellow)
Fellows -
5
Energy Policy-Related Seminars and Speakers at Harvard
2007-2008
Overview of seminars

The weekly Tuesday morning Energy Technology Innovation Program/Energy
Policy Research Program seminar series on energy policy showcased new research
by fellows and staff in the Energy Technology Innovation Policy research group and
by other Kennedy School faculty and fellows. (
http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/project/10/energy_technology_innovation_policy.
html)

The Harvard Environmental Economics Program’s weekly seminar on
environmental economics featured presentations by researchers from within and
outside Harvard on topics including forecasting electricity demand, regulating “stock
pollutants,” and the distributional impacts of carbon pricing.
(http://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/heep/)

A weekly Sustainability Science Fellows Seminar served as a forum to fellows to
present their research plans and work in progress.
(http://www.cid.harvard.edu/sustsci/events/seminars/sustsci_fellows_seminar.html)

The Harvard China Project Thursday seminar series hosts talks by external and
internal speakers 1-2 times a month during the academic year. These talks, normally
held in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, are designed to attract
students, researchers, and faculty across fields and schools at Harvard and
surrounding universities. ( http://chinaproject.harvard.edu/seminars/seminars-2008spring-term-schedule)

The Kennedy School’s Regulatory Policy Program seminar series focused on
questions of regulation and climate change throughout the year, featuring speakers
from within and outside Harvard on topics including New England’s Regional
Greenhouse Gas Initiative, climate and trade, the cost of proposed climate policies,
and the pros and cons of a carbon tax. ( http://www.hks.harvard.edu/mrcbg/rpp/seminars.html)

The Future of Energy speaker series hosted the President of Iceland, Olafur Ragna
Grimsson, to speak on the future of geothermal energy; Areva CEO Anne
Lauvergeon, on the future of nuclear energy; and Congressman Ed Markey, on
“Reclaiming U.S. Leadership in Global Warming,” and Susan Cischke of the Ford
Motor Company, on “Sustainable Mobility.”
(http://www.energy.harvard.edu/node/95)

The Harvard Energy Journal Club met weekly to review the latest technical
knowledge related to energy. Topics discussed included CO2 capture technology, the
geology of petroleum, advanced solar, climate skepticism, and geothermal energy.
(http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/hejc/)
Seminars and Speakers -
1
Chronological listing of speakers and topics
September 11, 2007: “Policy Options for Reducing Oil Consumption and Greenhouse
Gas Emissions from the U.S. Transportation Sector.” Kelly Sims Gallagher, Harvard,
and Gustavo Collantes, ETIP Fellow.
September 12, 2007: China Project Seminar: “Environmental and Safety Costs of Urban
Passenger Transport Modes in China.” WANG Rui, China Project Fellow.
September 19, 2007: Sustainability Science Fellows Seminar: “Resilience Theory:
Sustainability Analysis of the Petroleum Energy Economy.” Michael Burns, Giorgio
Ruffolo Research Fellow.
September 25, 2007: Future of Energy Series: “Geothermal Energy: Harnessing the Fire
Inside,” Olafur Ragnar Grimmson.
September 26, 2007: Sustainability Science Fellows Seminar: “Forging Strategies for
Adaptation to Climate Change and Poverty Reduction: The Role of Water-Efficient
technologies and Decentralized Biofuel Production in Semi-Arid Regions.” Daniele
Cesano, Giorgio Ruffolo Research Fellow.
September 28, 2007: Belfer Center Directors’ Lunch: “Arctic Natural Gas” Honorable
Brendan Bell, Minister of Industry, Tourism, and Investment, Northwest Territories,
Canada.
October 3, 2007: Sustainability Science Fellows Seminar: “Human-Environment
Interaction in the Mangrove Ecosystem of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.” Godstime
James, Giorgio Ruffolo Doctoral Fellow.
October 4, 2007: Belfer Center Directors’ Lunch: “Managing the Greenhouse Problem,”
Dr. Thomas C. Schelling.
October 9, 2007: ETIP Seminar Series: “Building a World that Buries Climate Change.”
Jeffrey Bielicki.
October 12, 2007: China Project Seminar: “The Economic Value of Air-PollutionRelated Health Risks in Chengdu, China.” Prof. James K. Hammitt, Director, Harvard
Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health.
October 15, 2007: “Powering the World: Trade-offs in Developing Tomorrow’s Energy
Infrastructure.” David Gee, Executive Vice President, AES Corporation.
October 17, 2007: Seminar in Environmental Economics and Policy. “Structural
Uncertainty and the Value of Statistical Life in the Economics of Catastrophic Climate
Change.” Martin Weitzman, Harvard University.
Seminars and Speakers -
2
October 22, 2007: New Directions in Regulation Seminar Series: “The EU Emissions
Trading Scheme,” A. Denny Ellerman, MIT.
October 23, 2007: ETIP Seminar Series. “The Fuel Economy-Biofuels Connection: Does
Low-Fossil Always Mean Low-Carbon?” Gustavo Collantes, Harvard.
November 6, 2007: ETIP Seminar Series. “Continental Scale Wind Power: Resources
and Variations in Production.” Juha Kiviluoma, ETIP Fellow.
November 6, 2007: Institute of Politics Forum “Global Climate Disruption: What Do We
Know, What Should We Do?” John Holdren, Harvard.
November 8, 2007: New Directions in Regulation Seminar Series. “Global Warming
Litigation: The Supreme Court’s Decision in Massachusetts v. EPA and its Implications.”
Jody Freeman, Harvard Law School.
November 9, 2007: China Project Seminar: “Impact of Rapid Environmental Changes on
Climate in China: An Overview of EAST-AIRE.” Prof. LI Zhanqing, Department of
Atmospheric and Ocean Science, University of Maryland.
November 20, 2007: ETIP Seminar Series. “The Rise of Market Mechanisms in Global
Climate Politics: Examining the Political Role of American and European Companies.”
Jonas Meckling, ETIP Fellow.
December 3, 2007: “Climate Change: Is Economics the Source of the Problem or the
Key to the Solution?” Charles Kolstad, University of California, Santa Barbara.
December 4, 2007: ETIP Seminar: “The Role of Scientists in the Science and Technology
Policymaking in China.” Peng Ru, ETIP Fellow.
January 11, 2008: Harvard Law School. “Climate Change, Petro-politics, and the Long
War of the 21st Century.” James Woolsey, former Director of the CIA.
February 5, 2008: ETIP Seminar “The Impact of Policies to Reduce Oil Consumption and
GHG Emissions in the Transport Sector: Insights from NEMS.” Kelly Sims Gallagher,
Harvard, and Gustavo Collantes, ETIP Fellow.
February 6, 2008. Seminar in Environmental Economics and Policy. “Giving Green to
Get Green? Incentives and Consumer Adoption of Hybrid Vehicle Technology.” Kelly
Sims Gallagher, Harvard, and Erich Muehlegger, Harvard.
February 6, 2008, “Prospects for a Nuclear Deal with Iran.” Gary Samore, Council on
Foreign Relations.
February 8, 2008. Atmospheric Sciences Seminar. “Hubbert’s Peak, the Coal Question,
and Climate Change.” David Rutledge, California Institute of Technology.
Seminars and Speakers -
3
February 8, 2008. China Project Seminar. “China Climate Policy and Opportunities for
Engagement.” Deboarah Seligsohn, World Resources Institute.
February 12, 2008. Energy Policy Research Programs. “Electricity Market Design.”
William Hogan, Harvard.
Feburary 14, 2008. China Project Seminar: “Understanding Emissions of Nitrogen
Oxides from China Using Satellite Observations.” Dr. WANG Yuxuan, China Project
Fellow.
February 14, 2008. Transportation and Infrastructure Study Group. “Locating LNG
Terminals in New England.” Susan Reid, Conservation Law Foundation.
February 15, 2008. Regulation and Global Climate Change Seminar. “Regional
Greenhouse Gas Initiative: Emission Leakage and the Effectiveness of Interstate Border
Adjustments.” Sue Wing, Boston University.
February 15, 2008. “The Path to Fusion Power.” Chris Llewellyn-Smith, Director
UKAEA Culham Division.
February 19, 2008: ETIP Seminar. “An Economic Assessment of Deploying Advanced
Coal Power Technologies in the Chinese Context.” Lifeng Zhao, ETIP Fellow.
February 22, 2008: HUCE Green Conversations Series. “Plan B.” Lester Brown.
February 22, 2008. “Energy: Beyond the Trends and Technologies.” Steven Koonin,
British Petroleum.
February 27, 2008: Energy and Natural Resources Program. “International Climate
Policy.” Michael Grub, Carbon Trust.
February 27, 2008: Seminar in Environmental Economics and Policy. “Consumer
Durable Goods and the Long-Run Demand for Electricity.” David Rapson, Boston
University.
March 4, 2008. ETIP Seminar Series. “Application Oriented R&D: Aphorisms and
Anecdotes.” Robert Frosh, ETIP Senior Research Associate.
March 4, 2008. “Japan and Asia’s Environmental and Energy Politics.” Miranda
Schreuers, Freie Universitat Berlin.
March 4, 2008. “A Third Way on Climate: investment, Development, and Global
Warming.” Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus.
March 6, 2008. HUCE Green Conversations Series. “SmartGrid Platforms.” Gridpoint
Technology.
Seminars and Speakers -
4
March 8, 2008. The Dubai Initiative. “The OPEC Disease.” Abderrahmane Cherif,
University of Chicago.
March 11, 2008. Energy Policy Research Programs Series. “Demand for Fuel Efficiency
and the Effects of Tighter Automotive Fuel Economy Standards.” Hunt Alcott, Harvard,
and Erich Muehlegger, Harvard.
March 12, 2008. Future of Energy Series. “Another Inconvenient Truth?” Anne
Lauvergeon, Areva.
March 18, 2008. Sustainability Science Fellows Seminar. “Green Chemistry – An
International Perspective.” Kira matus, Giorgio Ruffolo Doctoral Fellow.
March 18, 2008. ETIP Seminar Series. “Energy R&D and Policy.” Jack Johnston,
ExxonMobil.
March 18, 2008. China Project Seminar: “Smart Growth with Chinese Characteristics:
Transportation/Land Use Integration in Urban China.” Prof. Randall Crane, Professor of
Urban Planning and Associate Director, Institute of Transportation Studies, Department
of Urban Planning, School of Public Affairs, UCLA.
March 20, 2008. Regulation and Global Climate Change Seminar. “You’re Getting
Warmer! The Kyoto Path.” Jeffrey Frankel, Harvard.
April 1, 2008. ETIP Seminar Series. “Plug-in Electric Vehicles and the Power System.”
Juha Kiviluoma, ETIP Fellow.
April 8, 2008. Sustainability Science Fellows Seminar. “Biofuel Production, Community
Development and Private Sector Engagement: What Could other Countries learn from
Brazil?” Daniele Cesano, Giorgio Ruffolo Research Fellow.
April 8, 2008. “Let’s Get Serious about Climate Change Policy: What’s Really
Achievable at What Cost?” William A. Pizer, Resources for the Future.
April 10, 2008. “Organizing Carbon Capture and Storage.” Jeff Bielicki, ETIP Fellow.
April 10, 2008. “U.S. Energy Policy, Peak Oil, and Alternative Energy Sources.” John
Xuna.
April 15, 2008. Sustainability Science Seminar Series. “Impact of the Petroleum Sector
on the Resilience of the Niger Delta Social-Ecological System.” Michael Burns, Giorgio
Ruffolo Research Fellow.
April 15, 2008. ETIP Seminar Series. “Biofuel Production, Poverty Reduction and
Private Sector Engagement: What Can we Learn from the Brazilian Experience?”
Daniele Cesano, Fellow, Sustainability Science Program.
Seminars and Speakers -
5
April 16, 2008: Seminar in Environmental Economics and Policy. “Measuring the
Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing.” Gilbert Metcalf, Tufts.
April 17, 2008. Regulation and Global Climate Change Seminar. “An Analysis of U.S.
Carbon Pricing Legislation.” Gilbert Metcalf, Tufts.
April 17, 2008: China Project Seminar: “Reconciling China’s Economic Growth and
Control of Air Pollution and Carbon Emissions.” Chris Nielson, Executive Director, and
Dr. WANG Yuxuan and Dr. Mun HO, China Project Fellows.
April 28, 2008. “Oil Shockwave: Oil Crisis Executive Simulation.”
April 29, 2008. ETIP Seminar Series. “Coal Assessment and Extraction in India: Issues
and Prospects.” Ananth Chikkatur, ETIP Fellow.
April 29, 2008. Sustainability Science Seminar Series. “What is the Worth of
Mangroves in the Niger Delta?” Godstime James, Giorgio Ruffolo Doctoral Fellow in
Sustainability Science.
April 30, 2008. Energy Policy Research Programs workshop. “Scramble vs. Blueprints.”
Steven Fries and Roxanne Decyk, Royal Dutch Shell.
May 1, 2008. Weatherhead Center for International Affairs/Program on U.S.-Japan
Relations. “Managing Global Energy and Environmental Problems.” Riko Nakamura,
GRIPS; Eiichiro Fujii, Tokyo Gas Company, and Naoki Kobayashi.
May 5, 2008. The Future of Energy Series. “Sustainable Mobility: An Automaker’s
Perspective on Transportation Energy & Climate Policy.” Susan M. Cischke, Ford Motor
Company.
May 6, 2008. Energy Policy Research Programs Series. “Optimal Environmental Policy
under Economic Fluctuations.” Garth Heutel, HUCE Fellow.
May 8, 2008. China Project Seminar. “One Country, Two Systems, One Environment:
Environmental Cooperation Between Hong Kong and Guangdong.” Prof. Yok-Shiu F.
LEE, Department of Geography, Hong Kong University, and Profs. Carolos Wing-Hung
LO, Department of Management and Marketing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
May 13, 2008. ETIP Seminar Series. “Perceptions of and Discourse on Emerging
Energy Technologies for Climate Change Mitigation.” Jennie Stephens, ETIP Research
Associate.
May 15, 2008. China Project Seminar: “Environmental Regulatory Enforcement in
China: Changes in Regulatory Enforcement Styles Among Enforcement Officials in
Guangzhou.” Prof. Carolos Wing-Hung LO, Department of Management and Marketing,
Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Seminars and Speakers -
6
Selected Harvard Energy Policy-Related Papers and other Publications
2007-2008
Aldy, Joseph E. and Robert N. Stavins, eds. Architectures for Agreement: Addressing
Global Climate Change in the Post-Kyoto World. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2007.
Aldy, Joseph E. and Rober N. Stavins. “Climate Policy Architectures for the post-Kyoto
world.” Nature vol. 50, no. 3 (May/June 2008).
Cao, Jing. Essays on environmental tax policy analyses: Dynamic computable general
equilibrium approaches applied to China. Ph.D. dissertation, Kennedy School of
Government, Harvard University, 2007.
Cao, Jing, Richard Garbaccio, Mun S. Ho. Benefits and costs of SO2 abatement policies
in China. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 2008 (forthcoming).
Chikkatur, Ananth. “Cleaner Power in India: Towards a Clean-Coal-Technology
Roadmap.” Discussion Paper, Energy Technology Innovation Policy Research Group,
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Winter 2007/08.
Collantes, Gustavo. “The Dimensions of the policy debate over transportation energy:
The case of Hydrogen in the United States.” Energy Policy. (March 2008):1059-1073.
Energy: Old Challenges, New Opportunities. 2007 Energy Policy Forum, Walter M.
Higgins and William W. Hogan, Co-chairs. The Aspen Institute, 2007.
Gallagher, Kelly Sims. China Shifts Gears: Automakers, Oil, Pollution, and
Development. The MIT Press, 2006.
Gallagher, Kelly Sims and Erich Muehlegger. “Giving Green to Get Green: Incentives
and Consumer Adoption of Hybrid Vehicle Technology.” KSG Faculty Research
Working Paper Series, February 2008.
Gallagher, Kelly Sims; Collantes, Gustavo; Holdren, John P.; Lee, Henry; and Robert
Frosch. “Policy Options for Reducing Oil Consumption and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions
from the U.S. Transportation Sector.” ETIP Discussion Paper. Belfer Center for Science
and International Affairs, Summer 2007.
Gallagher, Kelly Sims. “Synthesis of Comments Received on ‘Policy Options for
Reducing Oil Consumption and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions from the U.S. Transportation
Sector.’” ETIP Discussion Paper. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs,
2008.
Guo, Xiaoqi and James K. Hammitt. Compensating wage differentials with
unemployment: Evidence from China. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2008
(forthcoming).
Papers/Publications - 1
Ho, Mun S., and Dale W. Jorgenson. Sector allocation of emissions and damage. Chapter
9 in Ho and Nielsen (2007, MIT Press, below).
Ho, Mun S., and Dale W. Jorgenson. Policies to control air pollution damages. Chapter
10 in Ho and Nielsen (2007, MIT Press, below).
Ho, Mun S., and Chris P. Nielsen, eds. Clearing the air: The health and economic
damages of air pollution in China. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007.
Hogan, William, Gribik, Paul R., and Susan L. Pope. “Market-Clearing Electricity Prices
and Energy Uplift.” December 31, 2007.
Holdren, John P. “Science and Technology for Sustainable Well-Being.” Science
(January 25, 2008): 424-434.
Hu, Yuan. Implementation of voluntary agreements for energy efficiency in China.
Energy Policy 35(11): 5541-5548, 2007.
Kukrika, Nicholas. “Vegetable Oil Based Biofuels in India: An overview of the value
chain and analysis of biofuels’ pro-poor potential.” ENRP Discussion Paper 2008-01.
Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of
Government, Cambridge, MA, January 2008.
Lee, Henry and Dan A. Shalmon. “Searching for Oil: China’s Oil Initiatives in the
Middle East.” KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series, March 2007.
Levy, Jonathan I., and Susan Greco. Estimating health effects of air pollution in China:
An introduction to intake fraction and the epidemiology. Chapter 4 in Ho and Nielsen
(2007, MIT Press, above).
Liu, Bingjiang and Jiming Hao. Local population exposure to pollutants from the electric
power sector. Chapter 6 in Ho and Nielsen (2007, MIT Press, above).
Nielsen, Chris P. and Mun S. Ho. Air pollution and health damages in China: An
introduction and review. Chapter 1 in Ho and Nielsen (2007, MIT Press, above).
Nielsen, Chris P. and Mun S. Ho. Summary for policy. Chapter 2 in Ho and Nielsen
(2007, MIT Press, above).
Nielsen, Chris P. and Mun S. Ho. Summary for research. Chapter 3 in Ho and Nielsen
(2007, MIT Press, above).
Rogers, Peter, and Sumeeta Srinivasan. Comparing sustainable cities—Examples from
China, India and the USA. Chapter in Sustainable urban development in China: Wishful
thinking or reality, edited by Marco Keiner. Munster: Verlagshaus Monsenstein und
Vannerdat, 2008.
Papers/Publications - 2
Stavins, Robert N. “Addressing climate change with a comprehensive U.S. cap-and-trade
system.” ENRP Discussion Paper 2008-01, Belfer Center for Science and International
Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of government, Cambridge, MA, 2008.
Wang, Rui. Autos, transit and bicycles: Transport choices in Chinese cities. Ph.D.
dissertation, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2008.
Wang, Yuxuan, Michael B. McElroy, J. William Munger, Jiming Hao, Hong Ma, Chris
P. Nielsen, and Yu Chen. Variations of O3 and CO in summertime at a rural site near
Beijing. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2008 (forthcoming).
Wang, Yuxuan, Michael B. McElroy, Randall V. Martin, David G. Streets, Qiang Zhang,
Tung-May Fu. Seasonal variability of NOX emissions over east China constrained by
satellite observations: Implications for combustion and microbial sources. Journal of
Geophysical Research 112, D06301, 2007.
Wang, Yuxuan, Michael B. McElroy, K. Folkert Boersma, Henk J. Eskes, and J. Pepijn
Veefkind. Traffic restrictions associated with the Sino-African Summit: Reductions of
NOX detected from space. Geophysical Research Letters 34, L08814, 2007.
Wei, Yi-Ming, Lan-Cui Liu, Ying Fan, and Gang Wu. The impact of lifestyle on energy
use and CO2 emission: An empirical analysis of China’s residents. Energy Policy
35(1):247-257, 2007.
Wing, Ian Sue and Marek Kolodziej. “The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative:
Emission Leakage and the Effectiveness of Interstate Border Adjustments.” Regulatory
Policy Program Working Paper Series, RPP-2008-03.
Zhao, Lifeng and Kelly Sims Gallagher. “Research, development, demonstration, and
early deployment policies for advanced-coal technology in China.” Energy Policy
(December 2007): 6467-6477.
Zhou, Ying, Jonathan I. Levy, James K. Hammitt, and John S. Evans. Population
exposure to pollutants from the electric power sector using CALPUFF. Chapter 7 in Ho
and Nielsen (2007, MIT Press, above).
Zhou, Ying and James K. Hammitt. The economic value of air-pollution-related health
risks in China: A contingent valuation study. Chapter 8 in Ho and Nielsen (2007, MIT
Press, above).
Papers/Publications - 3
Harvard External Speaking Highlights
2007-2008

The Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements (HPICA) Architectures for
Agreement frameworks were discussed at a standing-room-only side panel at the 13th
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Bali, Indonesia.

At another standing-room-only Bali Conference side event, Science, Technology, and
Public Policy Program Director John Holdren spoke on “Linking Climate Policy with
Development Strategy: Options for Brazil, China, and India,” summarizing the Phase
I report on this multi-year project.

John Holdren spoke at a number of other venues, including the following:

The first Informal Thematic Debate of the General Assembly,
United Nations in the Summer of 2007 (lead panelist).

The Clinton Global Initiative Annual Meeting.

The Harvard Kennedy School’s John F. Kennedy, Jr. Forum

The John H. Chafee Memorial Lecture on Science and the
Environment during the 8th National Conference on Science,
Policy and the Environment.

8th National Conference on Science, Policy and the Environment:
Climate Change: Science and Solutions, where he presented on
"Meeting the Climate-Change Challenge”

Investor Summit on Climate Risk, UN Headquarters, New York,
February 14, 2008. Holdren addressed the group on the topic of
"Global Climatic Disruption: Risks and Opportunities."

Washington International Renewable Energy Conference (WIREC
2008), March 4, 2008. Holdren gave a presentation to the plenary
session on research and development for renewable energy
technologies.

CBS's "The Late Show with David Letterman" on April 17, 2008,
where he spoke about climate science and policy. Holdren has also
been advising Letterman in an informal capacity on climate change
for the past year or so.

As President of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science (AAAS) in 2007, John Holdren gave the Presidential
Lecture, on the theme of "Science and Technology for Sustainable
Well-Being."
External speaking -
1

In a Hamilton Project/Brookings Institution paper published this fall, Professor
Robert Stavins argued that the United States should adopt a cap-and-trade system for
carbon emissions. He discussed his work at a forum organized by the Hamilton
Project/Brookings Institution analyzing his and a competing proposal. Kelly Sims
Gallagher served as a discussant on the technology policy panel at this event.

William W. Hogan presented the initial address of the plenary session of the 2007
assembly of the Club de Madrid on the topic of “Democratizing Energy: Geopolitics
and Power.”

Henry Lee spoke at the Lincoln Institute for Land Policy in October 2007 and again
in April 2008 on “Climate Change: Emerging Public Policy Issues.”

In March, John Holdren and Kelly Gallagher were asked by Harvard University
President Drew Faust to join her in Shanghai for a Harvard Alumni Association
event. There, Holdren and Gallagher both gave presentation before the assembled
audience and then met personally with several key individuals on Chinese energy
issues: Mr. WAN Gang, China's Minister of Science and Technology.

In March, China Project Executive Director Chris Nielsen and Fellows Dr. WANG
Yuxuan and Dr. Mun HO spoke at Tsinghua University and at Peking University in
Beijing on “Reconciling China’s Economic Growth with Control of Air Pollution and
Carbon Emissions.”

In May, China Project Executive Director Chris Nielson spoke at the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences on “Understanding China’s Air Quality and Carbon
Emissions…or Not.”

Kelly Gallagher has been traveling extensively giving talks on coal, climate change,
and China. Since just January, Gallagher has spoken at the following venues:

Dean's Lecture Series, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 4
March 2008.

The Rise of China: Global Challenges and Opportunities
Conference, Mount Holyoke College, Amherst, 7 March 2008.

China: Challenge and Change, The Ash Institute for Democratic
Governance and Innovation, Harvard Kennedy School, 10 April
2008.

U.S.-China Relations: A Synergetic Connection, The US-China
Peoples Friendship Association, 17-18 April 2008.

Roundtable on the Future of Climate Programming at the
Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Pocantico,
1 May 2008.
External speaking -
2

HEPG’s research director, Professor William Hogan, testified regularly before the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Matthew Bunn, Senior Research Associate, Project on Managing the Atom, presented
“Safety, Security, Safeguards: Enabling Nuclear Energy Growth,” to the Global
Nuclear Future Workshop at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
External speaking -
3
Illustrative Participation by Harvard Faculty and Staff on Energy-Policy Related
Boards, Committees, etc.
2007-2008
 Asia Society/Brookings Institution/Council on Foreign Relations. Kelly Gallagher
serves on a task force charged with identifying and promoting breakthroughs on U.S.China dialogue on climate change.
 Global Energy Assessment. Kelly Gallagher will serve as a Lead Author of the GEA
chapter on energy innovation. Lifeng Zhao was also invited to join the study.
 Harvard University. Professor William Clark will chair and Professor John P.
Holdren will sit on the President's task force charged with examining Harvard's
greenhouse gas emissions and charting a plan to reduce its carbon footprint.
 International Energy Agency. Kelly Gallagher was invited to be a reviewer for the
IEA's China National Development and Reform Commission report on China's Coal
Strategy, to be released in May 2008. Gallagher has already submitted extensive
comments on the draft.
 McKinsey & Company. Kelly Gallagher has been invited to join a review panel of
an update of McKinsey's global greenhouse gas emissions abatement cost curve,
which is a comprehensive mapping of all the opportunities to reduce global
emissions.
 National Commission on Energy Policy. John Holdren and Kelly Gallagher
continue their work with NCEP and participate in their regular meetings in
Washington, D.C. NCEP last met in April.
 Transportation Review Board, National Academy of Sciences. Kelly Gallagher
will join an Expert Task Group, under the heading "Incorporating Greenhouse Gas
Emissions into the Collaborative Decision Making Process," related to how the state
and local transportation planning process can address greenhouse gas emissions from
passenger vehicles.
 Transportation Review Board, National Academy of Sciences. Henry Lee is a
member of the committee on "Study of Potential Energy Savings and Greenhouse
Gas Reductions from Transportation" that is charged with reviewing policies and
strategies to affect behavior and improve fuel economy for passenger and freight
 U.S. National Academy of Sciences-Russian Academy of Sciences. Managing the
Atom Senior Research Associate Matthew Bunn is serving on a joint committee on
international approaches to the nuclear fuel cycle, designed to reduce the proliferation
risks of nuclear energy growth.
 Working Group for Investment in Reliable and Economic Electricity Systems.
HEPG Executive Director Ashley Brown served on the Blue Ribbon Panel on Cost
Allocation for the development of new transmission investment.
Boards and Committees - 1