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AIM: How did Ancient Greece establish itself as a dominant power in the western world? DO NOW: What do you already know about Ancient Greece? Roots of Greek Civilization Minoan Culture – 3,000 B.C. Island of Crete Mycenaean Civilization– 2,700 B.C. Peloponnesian Peninsula Earliest developed culture on mainland Greece! Decline of Early Civilizations 1400 B.C.E Minoan civilization vanished Mycenaean’s came under attack (Dorians) As power faded, people abandoned their cities and trade declined ~ 1100 B.C.E Greek Values and the Great Legends Homer – poet, most likely lived about 750 BCE Credited for the works of The Iliad and The Odyssey Homer’s tales were passed on orally from one generation to the next. The Illyiad: • Chief source of information about the Trojan war • Achilles – the mightiest Greek warrior The Odyssey: • Tells of the many struggles between the struggles of the Greek hero Odysseus on his return home to his wife Penelope. Greek Mythology Greek gods and goddesses (polytheistic belief system) Twelve main Olympians Mount Olympus Ruled every aspect of human life Geography Shapes Ancient Greece Greece is located on peninsula in Southern Europe. The Balkan peninsula stretches south into the Mediterranean Sea. Covered with rugged mountains. No long rivers. Mild climate, hot summers. Geography Shapes Greece Polis: Greek city-state. Made up of a major city or town and its surrounding countryside. Mountains divided Greeks from one another. Seas provided a vital link to the outside world. Acropolis: high city, stood on top of a hill with a great marble temple dedicated to different gods or goddesses Asia Minor Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea +Marathon Ionian Sea Mediterranean Sea Governing the City-States Citizens: free residents Between 750 BC and 500 BC, different forms of government evolved in ancient Greece Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Tyranny Democracy Athens vs. Sparta SIMILARITIES -Direct Democracy -Only male citizens Involved in government -trade with other city-states -Education for the boys only -Boys/men served in the Military at 18 for 2 years -Women were not equal -Navy -Located by the water DIFFERENCES -same language -Olympics -city-states -located in Greece -same gods and religious beliefs -Military Oligarchy -Military society -Trade and travel not allowed -Military training for all boys -Girls to be trained to be mothers of soldiers -Women obey men but they could own property and had rights. -Army -Located inland DIFFERENCES Would you rather be an Athenian or Spartan? Speech Activity AIM: Should Greece be credited for the foundations of Western Civilization? Do Now: Based on what you already know about the Greek citystates, if you had to fight in a war with either Sparta or Athens, would you want to be in the Spartan army or the Athenian army? Support your answer with EVIDENCE! The Persian Wars The Expansion of the Persian Empire The Ionian Revolt The Battle of Marathon The Battle of Thermopylae The Battle of Salamis THREE MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE PERSIAN WARS 1) More than ever before Spartans, Athenians and residents of other Greek city-states referred to themselves collectively as “Greeks” 2) Greeks had new level of confidence 3) Athens enters a Golden Age Athens One of the most important ancient Greek city-states Birthplace of democracy Modern foundations – art, literature, philosophy democracy demokratia demo: the people kratia: power or rule rule by the people The Agora Agora = marketplace • Center of Athenian life – government buildings, temples, stoas (columned buildings) • Place for recreation Men socialized there Greek Achievements Architecture: Greek Columns: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian Parthenon Geography, Astronomy Equator, latitude and longitude, equinoxes, eclipses Medicine Hippocrates – Hippocratic Oath Zoology Evolution, natural selection Military Phalanx Achievements Engineering Lever, force Mathematics Euclid - Geometry, Pythagoras – Pythagorean Theorem Physics Atoms, protons, neutrons, repelling forces Theatre, poetry & drama Tragedies and comedies Sports Olympics Thinkers, Artists, Philosophers Herodotus – historian Socrates, Plato, Aristotle – philosophers Logic (rational thinking) and rhetoric (art of skillful speaking) Archimedes – inventor Pericles – father of democracy Homer – writer Phidias - sculptor The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization Video Activity Aim: Does Alexander deserve his reputation of ‘the great’? Aim: Was Alexander the Great a hero or Do Now: What a villain? characteristics do you associate with a hero? What characteristics do you associate with a villain? The Downfall – The Peloponnesian War Many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination. Sparta & other enemies of Athens formed the Peloponnesian League 431 B.C.E warfare broke out between Athens and Sparta – lasted 27 years The Peloponnesian War Sparta had the geographic advantage Pericles took in surrounding peoples to Athens – Overcrowding led to disaster Pericles died from plague – unfit successors Committed savage acts against each other Ex: Sparta allied itself with Persia The Peloponnesian War Spartans captured Athens, but did not destroy the city. For the next century, fighting continued to disrupt the Greek world By 359 BCE, Macedonia poised to conquer Greece Macedonia & Greece In 338 B.C.E the Macedonian army conquered Greece Athens & other Greek city-states lost their independence. However, Greek culture spread from the Mediterranean to the borders of India. *All because of Alexander ‘the Great’ Background Macedonia – rugged, mountainous kingdom Rulers were of Greek origin and kept ties with their Greek neighbors. Philip II – lived in Thebes and admired Greek culture 359 B.C.E gained throne of Macedonia Philip Conquers Greece 338 B.C.E – brought all of Greece under his control Bigger dream -> conquer the Persian empire. Did not achieve – he was assassinated at his daughters wedding. Alexander took the throne at 20 years old Alexander Builds an Empire With Greece subdued, he moved into Persia He then moved from victory to victory, marching through Asia Minor to Palestine and south to Egypt and east again to Babylon With much of the Persian empire under his control, he headed farther east to northern India Legacy Died at 32 years old – cause of death still questioned by historians Assimilation of Culture – local people absorbed Greek culture & in turn Greek settlers adopted local customs HELLENISM REGENTS BASED QUESTION Which leader is most closely associated with the accomplishments shown by The illustration? A) Charlemagne C) Alexander the Great B) Suleiman the Magnificent D) Mansa Musa Hero or Villain Activity 1.Independent Reading 2.Alexander Clips 3.Mini-debate Exit Was Alexander the Great a hero or a villain?
