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Name____________ Period______ Date______ Review for Protein Synthesis 1. Put the following terms in order from smallest to largest: Nitrogen base, chromosome, nucleotide, and gene Given the following pair of words, circle the one that is bigger. 2. chromosome/nucleotide gene/nitrogen base 3. A segment of DNA called a gene gives instructions for cells to assemble __________. Use the diagram below to answer the following question. 4. Circle two nucleotides. Label the three parts of a nucleotide. 5. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil are ____________. 6. Write the central dogma below. 7. Compare DNA and mRNA. List 4 characteristics for each. 8. What part of DNA determines our proteins? ______________________ 9. What is the purpose of transcription and where in the cell does it occur? 10. What is cell differentiation? 11. List 3 factors that regulate gene expression. 12. During Replication, a DNA strand that has the bases TACGCCCG produces a strand that has the bases13. Given a strand of DNA, CCGTAATC, what bases would compose the mRNA? 14. Where in the cell does translation occur? _________________ What happens during translation? 15. One codon codes for how many Amino Acids?__________ 10. Given the mRNA sequence, A C G C C G U A A U C A , determine how many amino acids long the protein will be. 11. What 2 types of RNA are involved in Protein Synthesis and describe their function. a. b. 12. What would the anti-codon of tRNA look like if the mRNA is CCG? 14. The monomers of proteins are _____________. 15. Use the codon chart below to decode the mRNA strand to determine which amino acids make up the protein. mRNA A C G C C G U A A U C A ______________________________________________________________ 15. The chain below represents three codons. Which of the following changes would be expected in the amino acid chain if the mutation shown below occurred? AUAAGGCUC AUAAGGCUA What about UUAAGGCUA? Or a deletion of the first nitrogen base? How many amino acids would be affected? 16. Circle the answer in the row that best fits the characteristics of DNA and RNA DNA double OR single stranded deoxy OR ribose sugar found in nucleus OR ribosome contains a phosphate group ACTG OR ACUG RNA Double OR single stranded Deoxy OR ribose sugar found in nucleus OR ribosome contains a phosphate group ACTG OR ACUG 17. Describe what is happening in the picture below. Hint: what are the steps? 18. Labe the parts in the picture above: mRNA, DNA, and Nucleotides. 19. Describe what is happening in the picture below. Hint: what are the steps? 20. Label the mRNA, tRNA, codon, anticodon, ribosome, protein, and amino acid. 21. Explain the process of transcription. 22. Explain how a protein is produced during translation. 23. If one nitrogen base is changed to another. How will it affect the amino acids? What if it codes for the same amino acid?