Download The Post-Classical Review - White Plains Public Schools

The Post-Classical Review
WHAP/Napp
The Time Period:
 600 – 1450 C.E.
 Defined by what rises out of the collapse of the Classical Civilizations and by the
interactions – both positive and negative – that develop between these new states
 Tremendous growth in long-distance trade
-The caravans of the various Silk Routes
-The multi-ethnic Indian Ocean sailors
-The trips across the Sahara to West Africa
-Continued trade in the Mediterranean all occur from 600 – 1450 C.E.
 These 850 years were also defined by a long period of decentralization in Western
Europe, and expansion of the trading empires of the Middle East and China
 Remember interaction!
The Rise of Islam:
Dates: _____________________________
Key Characteristics: ________________________________________________________
Similar to: _________________________________________________________________
Followers Called: ____________________
Importance of Muhammad: __________________________________________________
Qu’ran (recitation; also spelled Koran): ________________________________________
Muslims believe that salvation is won through submission to the will of _________
The Five Pillars of the Faith:
1. ________________________________
2. ________________________________
3. ________________________________
4. ________________________________
5. ________________________________
Jihad (“To Struggle”): ______________________________________________________
Common History With: _____________________________________________________
View of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus: __________________________________________
“Seal of the Prophets”: ______________________________________________________
View: All people are _________ before God
Two Groups: Shia and Sunni
Sunni: ____________________________________________________________________
Shia: _____________________________________________________________________
Mecca: ___________________________________________________________________
Muhammad and Conflict with Leaders of Mecca: _______________________________
Hijra (Hegira) in 622 C.E.: __________________________________________________
630 Return and Destroyed Pagan Shrines Except the: ___________________________
Hajj: ____________________________________________________________________
“Dar al Islam”: ___________________________________________________________
Abu Bakr: _______________________________________________________________
Caliph: __________________________________________________________________
Theocracy: _______________________________________________________________
Caliphate: ________________________________________________________________
Lack of Clear Succession: ___________________________________________________
First Four Caliphs: __________________________________________________________
Ali: _______________________________________________________________________
Hasan Relinquished Making Way for: __________________________________________
Umayyad Dynasty’s Capital: __________________________________________________
Conflict With These Empires: _________________________________________________
Official Language: __________________________________________________________
“Encouraged” to Convert to Avoid It: __________________________________________
Jizya: _____________________________________________________________________
Expanding as Far as (Think Africa and Europe):_________________________________
But Charles Martel: _________________________________________________________
The Dome of the Rock: _______________________________________________________
Shi’ite (Shia) and Sunni Split: _________________________________________________
Shia and Ali: ________________________________________________________________
Sunni View: _________________________________________________________________
Decline: _____________________________________________________________________
Abu al-Abbas:________________________________________________________________
Mawali or Non-Arab ____________________
Starting Date – Abbasid Dynasty: _______________________________________________
Except Spain: ________________________________________________________________
Dates – Abbasid Dynasty: ______________________________________________________
Defeated by: ___________________________
Abbasid Golden Age: _________________________________________________________
Abbasid Capital: ________________________
Importance of Trade: _________________________________________________________
Introduced Idea of Credit: _____________________________________________________
Manufacturing and Steel: ______________________________________________________
Mohammad al-Razi and Medical Encyclopedia: ___________________________________
Mathematical Contributions Particularly in this Field: _____________________________
Battle of Talus River in 751 C.E. and Papermaking:________________________________
Crossroads of Trade: _________________________________________________________
Preserving Western Culture: ___________________________________________________
Battle for Levant (Present-day Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon) and European Rediscovery:
_____________________________________________________________________________
Interaction and Diffusion: ______________________________________________________
Often Tolerant: _______________________________________________________________
Sufis as Effective Missionaries: __________________________________________________
Qu’ran and Women: ___________________________________________________________
Still a Patriarchy: ______________________________________________________________
Veil: _________________________________________________________________________
Internal Struggles and Civil War: ________________________________________________
Turkish Slaves or Mamluks: _____________________________________________________
External Foes: _________________________________________________________________
Mongols: _____________________________________________________________________
Eventually the Ottoman Turks: __________________________________________________
Developments in Europe and the Byzantine Empire:
Time Period/The Middle Ages: __________________________________________________
The Byzantine Empire or Formerly: _____________________________________________
Language of Byzantine Empire: ________________
Architecture: ________________________________
Byzantine Christianity: ___________________________________
Byzantine Emperors and Power: ________________________________________________
Silk Production (Learned from): ___________________________
Justinian: ____________________________________________________________________
Justinian Code: _______________________________________________________________
Hagia Sophia: ________________________________________________________________
Head of Orthodox Church: _____________________________________________________
Disagreement between Churches: ________________________________________________
1054 C.E.: ____________________________________________________________________
*But remember: In the Byzantine East, political emperors were in control of both politics
and the church, and church practices were localized, but not political authority. In the
Western Europe during the Middle Ages, centralized power existed in the Church, thereby
decentralizing political power. Opposite!
Cyril and Methodius: __________________________________________________________
Russian Prince Vladimir from Kiev: _____________________________________________
Cultural Differences/ Russia and Western Europe: _________________________________
The Franks: _________________________________________________________________
King Clovis: _________________________________________________________________
Charles Martel and the Battle of Tours in 732: ____________________________________
Carolingian Dynasty: _________________________________________________________
Pepin and the Pope: __________________________________________________________
Charlemagne: _______________________________________________________________
Holy Roman Empire Upon the Coronation of Otto the Great (962): __________________
Treaty of Verdun after the death of Charlemagne and his son, Louis: ________________
Vikings: ____________________________________________________________________
Normans (Or North-Men Or Vikings in France): __________________________________
The Norman William the Conqueror in 1066 and England:__________________________
Magyars: ___________________________________________________________________
Feudalism: __________________________________________________________________
Fief: ________________________________________________________________________
Manor: _____________________________________________________________________
Manorialism: ________________________________________________________________
Lords: ______________________________________________________________________
Vassals: _____________________________________________________________________
Knights: ____________________________________________________________________
Chivalry: ___________________________________________________________________
Serfs:_______________________________________________________________________
Three-Field System: __________________________________________________________
Primogeniture: ______________________________________________________________
Three-Field System: __________________________________________________________
Middle-Class Merchants or Burghers: ___________________________________________
Hanseatic League – Alliance of Trading Cities: _____________________________________
From Romanesque Architecture to Gothic Cathedrals: ______________________________
Crusades: ____________________________________________________________________
Heresies: _____________________________________________________________________
Inquisition: __________________________________________________________________
Scholasticism or Medieval Theology/Philosophy: ___________________________________
Thomas Aquinas and Faith and Reason are Not in Conflict: __________________________
The Bubonic Plague: ___________________________________________________________
Magna Carta: _________________________________________________________________
Joan of Arc: __________________________________________________________________
Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453): _______________________________________________
Bourbons Unified France: ______________________________________________________
Queen Isabella and Ferdinand: __________________________________________________
Spanish Inquisition: ___________________________________________________________
Urbanization: ________________________________________________________________
Tartars (a group of Mongols) and Russia: ________________________________________
Czar (Tsar): _________________________________________________________________
Ivan the Terrible: _____________________________________________________________
Patriarchy in Medieval Europe: _________________________________________________
Developments in Asia:
T’ang Dynasty: ________________________________________________________________
Song Dynasty: _________________________________________________________________
Yuan Dynasty: ________________________________________________________________
Ming Dynasty: ________________________________________________________________
Zheng He: ____________________________________________________________________
T’ang and Song Golden Age: ____________________________________________________
Printing in China: _____________________________________________________________
Civil Service Examinations: _____________________________________________________
Meritocracy: _________________________________________________________________
Canals: ______________________________________________________________________
Paper Money: ________________________________________________________________
Tribute System: ______________________________________________________________
Hangzhou: __________________________________________________________________
Gunpowder: _________________________________________________________________
Chinese Junks: _______________________________________________________________
Champa Rice from Vietnam: ___________________________________________________
Empress Wu Zhao: ___________________________________________________________
Foot Binding: ________________________________________________________________
Patriarchy in China: __________________________________________________________
Spread of Buddhism in China: __________________________________________________
Neo-Confucianism: ____________________________________________________________
Filial Piety: ___________________________________________________________________
Geography of Japan: ___________________________________________________________
Japan and Cultural Diffusion: ___________________________________________________
Yamato Clan (the First and Only): _______________________________________________
Shinto: _______________________________________________________________________
Kami: _______________________________________________________________________
Prince Shotoku: _______________________________________________________________
Taika Reforms: ________________________________________________________________
Selective Borrowing: ___________________________________________________________
Japanese Rejected Civil Service Examination: ______________________________________
Feudalism in Japan: ____________________________________________________________
Yoritomo Minamoto as Shogun: _________________________________________________
Daimyo: ______________________________________________________________________
Samurai: _____________________________________________________________________
Code of Bushido: ______________________________________________________________
Patriarchy and Japanese Feudalism: _____________________________________________
Korea and China: _____________________________________________________________
Vietnam and China: ___________________________________________________________
Delhi Sultanate (1206): _________________________________________________________
Hinduism and Islam (Differences): _______________________________________________
Sultan: ______________________________________________________________________
Timur Lang (Tamerlane): ______________________________________________________
Then Back to the Sultanate: _____________________________________________________
The Mongols: _________________________________________________________________
The Steppes: __________________________________________________________________
Genghis Khan (Chinggis Khan): _________________________________________________
The Mongol Empire: ___________________________________________________________
The Golden Horde: ____________________________________________________________
The Pax Mongolica: ___________________________________________________________
Diffusion and the Mongols: _____________________________________________________
Mongols and Religious Toleration: ______________________________________________
Mongols and Psychological Warfare: _____________________________________________
Kublai Khan: _________________________________________________________________
Mongol Impact on Russia: ______________________________________________________
Mongol Empire and Bringing the World Closer Together: ___________________________
Developments in Africa:
Kush and Meroë: ______________________________________________________________
Axum: _______________________________________________________________________
Eastern Coast of Africa and Indian Ocean Trade: __________________________________
Swahili: ______________________________________________________________________
Sub-Saharan Africa: ___________________________________________________________
Ghana: _______________________________________________________________________
Mali: ________________________________________________________________________
Mansa Musa: _________________________________________________________________
Songhai: _____________________________________________________________________
Trans-Saharan Trade: _________________________________________________________
The Importance of the Camel: __________________________________________________
The Importance of the Caravan: ________________________________________________
Islam and Diffusion: ___________________________________________________________
Timbuktu: ____________________________________________________________________
Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage to Mecca: ______________________________________________
Sonni Ali: ____________________________________________________________________
Oral Literature: ______________________________________________________________
Benin: _______________________________________________________________________
Developments in the Americas:
The Maya: ____________________________________________________________________
Pyramids: ____________________________________________________________________
Maya and Math/Science: _______________________________________________________
Decline: _____________________________________________________________________
The Aztecs: ___________________________________________________________________
Tenochtitlán: _________________________________________________________________
The Aztecs and Tribute: ________________________________________________________
Human Sacrifice: ______________________________________________________________
Aztec Women: ________________________________________________________________
The Inca Empire: _____________________________________________________________
Lack of Domesticated Animals: _________________________________________________
The Incas and Welfare: ________________________________________________________
Machu Picchu: _______________________________________________________________
The Incas and Roads: __________________________________________________________
Terrace Farming: _____________________________________________________________
Quipu: ______________________________________________________________________
Polytheism: __________________________________________________________________
Interactions Among Cultures:
Indian Ocean Trade: ___________________________________________________________
Arabs Dominating the Trade: ____________________________________________________
Using the Monsoons: ___________________________________________________________
Silk Road: ____________________________________________________________________
Carried More Than Silk: ________________________________________________________
Hanseatic League: _____________________________________________________________
To Establish Common Trade Practices and Fight Off Pirates: _________________________
Trade and Diffusion: ___________________________________________________________
The Expansion of Religion and Empires: __________________________________________
*Another way to encapsulate this period: a time fueled by conquest and religious
expansion.
Pope Urban and the Crusades: ___________________________________________________
The Effects of the Crusades: _____________________________________________________
Urbanization: _________________________________________________________________
*Some cities grew not just because of a general population increase, but because they were
intentionally established as centers of civilization…Every time an empire built a new city to
flaunt itself, it drew thousands of people.
*When civilizations built universities, this drew people from around the empire and
naturally increased cultural diffusion.
Pilgrimages: __________________________________________________________________
Technology and Innovations:
Islamic World (Innovators and Movers of Ideas):
 Paper mills (from China)
 Universities
 Astrolabe and sextant
 Algebra (from Greece)
 Chess (from India)
 Modern Soap Formula
 Guns and Cannons (from China)
 Mechanical Pendulum Clock
 Distilled Alcohol
 Surgical Instruments (Syringe etc.)
China (Inventions):
 Gunpowder Cannons
 Movable Type
 Paper Currency
 Porcelain
 Terrace Farming
 Water-Powered Mills
 Cotton Sails
 Water Clock
 Magnetic Compass
 State-Run Factories
Changes and Continuities in the Role of Women
Europe
 Strict and Patriarchal Social Divisions
 Could Inherit Land but Property Belonged to Husband
 Could Bring a Court Case but Not Participate in Decision
 Christian Monogamy
 Education Limited to Upper Class Males
 Did Not Recognize Illegitimate Children
 Veiling of Upper Class
Islam
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Equality in Religion
Received Half Inheritance of Male
Testimony Had Less Weight
Concubines and Seclusion in Harems
Literate society
All Children Are Seen As Legitimate
Veiling in Public
India
 Strict Patriarchal Caste System
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China
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Child Marriages
Practice of Sati for Widows
Education Limited
Purdah: Veiling or Seclusion
Strict Confucian Social Order and Guidelines for Virtuous Behavior
Access to Dowries and Owned Businesses
Widow to Remain with Son; No Property if Remarried
Silk Weaving as Female Occupation
Concubines in Seclusion in Harems
Literate Society, but State Education Limited to Men
Foot Binding
Sample Essay Questions
1. With the exception of the Americas, the major world civilizations were encountering
each other more often. Choose one of the pairs below and describe in what ways
they interacted and to what extent each benefitted from such contacts.
Mongols and Russians
Chinese and Japanese
East African city-states and Muslims
2. This era was marked by different forms of treatment of women and the different
roles they played in society. Choose two different cultures below and compare and
contrast the role and treatment of women in them.
China
Japan
Western Europe
Central America
3. Discuss the way in which forms of international and interregional economic
exchange took shape during these years.