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The Rise of Rome: Notes Creation Myth of Rome Romulus and Remus _________ sons of Mars (Roman god of War) Abandoned by their Uncle Amulius in the ________________ River to drown. Found and raised by a ________________ Found and raised by the Shepard Faustulus They kill Amulius Both built great __________________ Romulus _________________ Remus for making fun of his city Romulus populates the city of Rome with _________________ and criminals Romulus became the first king in 753 BC Mars carries him up to the heavens and he becomes the god Quirinius Geography of Rome Italy is a ________________________ 750 miles from north to south 120 miles from east to west Rome is the _______________________ of Italy A Favorable Location More land to ____________________ than Greece Did ______________________ divided Rome into many small city states Rome was built on ______ _____________ Easily ____________________________________ A good central location Mountains and Rivers of Rome Italy’s mountains did not ______________________ Italians like it did the ______________ Italy had more land to ______________ than Greece The Tiber __________________ helped Rome with farming and ______________________ Rome was built on ________________________ hills and was easy to defend Italy sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea which made it a ______________________________ between eastern and western Mediterranean countries Rome was far enough inland to be safe from _______________________ The Peoples of Italy Latin Moved in around 1500 to 1000 B.C. Indo-European people who spoke ______________ Settled on Latium _____________________ and Farmers Greeks Had settled during Greek colonization 750 B.C. to 550 B.C. Were mostly in the __________________ Occupied _________________ They influenced agriculture with the introduction of the __________ and olive tree They influenced culture with their _______________________, sculpture and literature Adopted their ____________________ Etruscans The _________________________________ had the greatest influence on the Romans They were located North of Rome in Etruria, they expanded into _________________ and came into control Rome and most of Latium They turned the Latin villages into the city of __________________ Romans adopted their dress, the __________________ and shirt cloak Also adopted their ___________________________ organization The Roman Republic Main Idea: The Romans were practical and skillful in politics and military matters Establishment of Roman Republic Early Rome was under the control of seven ____________________and several were Etruscans Establishment of Roman Republic The Romans overthrew the last Etruscan King in _________________ B.C, they established the Roman ____________________________ Republic: a form of government in which the ______________________ is ________________ a monarch and certain citizens have the _____________________ to vote. War and Conquest Rome was surrounded by __________________________ and for the next 200 years they fought continuous __________________________ 338 B.C. Rome _____________________ the __________________states, and then the Greek states Defeated the Greeks in 264 B.C. and virtually conquered all of Italy Roman Confederation Was _______________________ by Italy to rule Allowed some people- especially Latin's- to have ______________ Roman ___________________________ Most of the communities remained ________________ Allowed to run their own local affairs _______________________ if they provided soldiers to Rome Made it clear that Roman allies could become citizens Why was Rome Successful? Ancestors and History: To Ancient Romans, they believed that their ancestors were successful because a sense of duty, ___________________________ and discipline. Diplomacy: They extended Roman citizenship and allowed states to run their own ______________ affairs. They could be _____________________ when necessary, crushing _____________________ without mercy. Military: They were accomplished and ________________________ soldiers. Built fortified towns throughout Italy; also built _________________ that connected the empire. Brilliant Strategists: Built roads to connect towns that they conquered By doing this, Rome could _________________ troops quickly throughout the territory Practical: Not ideal government, but one that _______________________ to problems that arose Political Structure Rome was divided into two groups or orders Patricians ___________________________ land owners, Rome’s ruling class ____________________________ of the roman Republic Not a lot of people in this group Only ones could be ______________________ into office Plebeians Less wealthy landowners, ______________________farmers, craftspeople, and merchants They were the _____________________________ Made up the majority of the population Citizens and could __________________ Consuls: CEOs Chief ______________________ officers of the Roman Republic ____________________________ office Chosen every year _____________ years Ran the government Led the army into ________________________ Praetors/Judges In charge of _____________ __________ that applied to all Roman citizens Look over judicial affairs Could ____________________ or appoint a judge Senate Roman Senate: Select group of about _________ _____________________________ who served for life Approved laws, controlled __________________________ and made _______________________policy. Assemblies The Roman Republic also had several assemblies Centuriate assembly Most __________________________ Elected the ___________________ officials and ___________________________laws Organized in classes based on ____________________ ________________________ citizens always held the majority Council of Plebs Council of the __________________ Came into being as a result of the ________________________ between the two Roman social orders The Struggler of Orders Caught in the middle of the struggle between patricians and plebeians were ___________________ They were forbidden to _______________________ each other Plebeians resented this b/c since they served in the Roman ________________ that protected the republic they thought they deserved political and social ______________________ Led to the success of the ____________________________ In 287 B.C. the council of the plebs received the right to pass laws for all Romans All ____________ Roman citizens were now supposedly _____________________ under the law Roman Law Rome’s chief gift to the Mediterranean world was its system of laws Twelve Tables (450 B.C.) First ________________ of ______________ for Rome Written on _____________ tablets Roman developed a more sophisticated system of laws Applied to only Roman _______________ Problems arose when non-citizens had to be dealt with Law of Nations Natural law or ______________________ law based on reason Established standards of justice that applied to all people Legal Principles of Today Many legal ideas that we use now originated in Ancient Rome ________________________ until proven __________________________ People accused of a crime are allowed to ______________________ themselves before a judge A judge is expected to _____________________ evidence before reaching a legal _____________________.