Download lab 1 spring 2012

Week 1
Introduction to Anatomy
OBJECTIVES
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Anatomical Terminology
Planes of section
Body cavities
Abdominopelvic cavities
Organ & organ systems
Rat dissection
Objective 1
Anatomic Terminology
The language
of anatomy
Anatomical Position
In the anatomic position:
the body is erect
the feet are on the floor
toes forward
upper appendages are at the sides
palms forward
face forward
Regional Terms
Used to designate specific body areas
AXIAL
DIVISION
(Torso)
APPENDICULAR
DIVISION
(Limbs)
Directional Terms
Directional terms are
used to describe the
position of one
structure relative to the
position of another
structure.
Directional terms
always assume that the
body is in the
anatomic position.
Superior: above
Cranial (Cephalic):
toward the head
Inferior: below
Caudal:
toward the tail
Posterior:
behind
Anterior:
front
Dorsal:
backside
Ventral:
belly side
Some term associations:
Dorsal fin
Caudal
fin
(tail)
Medial:
toward the midline
Intermediate:
between a medial and
a lateral structure
Superficial (External)
Lateral:
away from the
midline
Deep (Internal)
Proximal:
toward the origin of a body part or attachment to the trunk
Distal:
away from the origin of a body part or its attachment to the
trunk
Appendages
Proximal
Distal
Posterior (Dorsal)
The head is ____________
superior to to the neck?
The brain is deep / internal to the skull.
Anterior (Ventral)
(Cephalic)
The stomach is medial to the spleen.
What is the position of the sternum
(breastbone) to the spine.
The sternum is anterior to the spine.
The posterior surface of the human leg is
its dorsal surface.
The region of the femur (thigh bone)
closest to the tibia (shin) is the
proximal or distal end of the femur.
?
(Caudal)
Note how some directional terms are applied
differently to quadrupeds…….
Superior = Above
Dorsal = Backside
Front
Behind
Anterior
Cranial
(Cephalic)
Posterior
Caudal
the tail
the head
Inferior = Below
Ventral = Bellyside
Objective 2
Planes (Sections)
An organism or organ
can be cut (sectioned)
along defined planes.
These planes are:
• Sagittal (para, mid)
• Transverse
• Frontal / Coronal
Side
Front
Frontal (Coronal):
Divides a structure into
anterior and posterior
portions.
Sagittal:
Divides a
structure into
right and left
portions.
Midsagittal:
Top
Transverse:
Divides a structure
into superior and
inferior portions;
Bottom
Also called a
horizontal or
cross section
Produces
equal right and
left portions.
Parasagittal:
Produces
unequal right
and left
portions.
Thorax cut in the 3 planes
Coronal (Frontal)
Section
Transverse (Horizontal)
Section
Superior view/looking down
Parasagittal
Section
Midsagittal would
show the heart
Brain cut in the 3 planes
Coronal (Frontal)
Section
Midsagittal Section
Transverse (Horizontal)
Section
Objective 3
Body Cavities
A body cavity is a space
within the body that
contains organs (viscera).
Dorsal
Cavity
Ventral
Cavity
See torso
There are two major body
cavities:
• Dorsal Cavity
• Ventral Cavity
Pelvic inlet
See Torso
Ventral Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Superior to the diaphragm
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Inferior to the diaphragm
Viscera there include the
heart, lungs, thymus gland,
trachea, esophagus
Abdominal Cavity
Pelvic Cavity
Viscera there include
The stomach, liver,
Gall bladder, spleen,
Pancreas, kidney,
Ureters, small
Intestine, and most
Of the large intestine
Viscera there include
The urinary bladder,
Internal organs of
Reproduction, urethra
(in women), and
Some portions of the
Large intestine
Objective 3
Abdominopelvic Regions
The abdomen is divided into 9 regions by four imaginary lines,
two vertical and two horizontal.
EPI = upon
GASTR = stomach
HYPO = below
beneath
CHONDRO = cartilage
LUMBAR = loins
ILIUM = upper pelvis
In which abdominopelvic region(s) does each organ reside?
Liver
Gall bladder
Vermiform
appendix
Spleen
Left
Kidney
Testis
Objective 4
ORGANS & ORGAN SYSTEMS
Can you identify these body systems?
What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.
Can you identify these body systems?
What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.
Can you identify these body systems?
What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.
Can you identify these body systems?
What is their function?
Name two organs in each system.
Objective 5
RAT DISSECTION
Many of the external and internal structures of the rat are quite similar in
structure and function to those of the human, so a study of the gross anatomy
of the rat should help you understand our own physical structure.
Yes The rat will be on the practical
Some structures you will be identifying:
Thoracic
Cavity
Abdominopelvic
Cavity
Different from human body:
Pay attention to:
- Thymus gland
- Respiratory Diaphragm
- Cecum & Large intestine
- Serous membrane
- Uterine horns
- Mesentery
Some additional terms . . .
Dorsal
side
Vental
side
Clean-up
• Dispose of rat, gloves, face masks, & used
tissue in the black garbage bag at the end
of the table.
• Clean dissection tools with Tool Cleaner
and return to center containers
• Clean dissection tray with Disinfectant
Spray Bottle, rinse, & dry and return to cart
• Clean lab bench with Disinfectant Spray
Bottle
Sample Questions
This injury occurred on which
anatomical region?
Antebrachial
This injury occurred proximal to the wrist
and distal to the elbow.
carpal
Sample Questions
Identify the indicated organ.
Pancreas
Identify the organ system it
belong to.
Endocrine - & - Digestive
Identify the specific ventral
cavity it resides in.
Abdominal
The pancreas is inferior to the
stomach and superior to the
colon.
?