Download Release Test items 11th Grade Obj 2

Objective 2
Organization of Living Systems
B.4B – Investigate and identify cellular processes including homeostasis, permeability, energy
production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, and synthesis
of new molecules.
When a sea urchin egg is removed from the
Why are photosynthesis and cellular
ocean and placed in freshwater, the egg swells respiration often considered opposites
and bursts. Which of these causes water to
F Photosynthesis produces twice as
enter the egg?
many ATP molecules as cellular
F Coagulation
respiration does.
G Sodium pump
G Water is released during
H Active transport
photosynthesis and consumed during
J Osmosis
cellular respiration.
H Photosynthesis occurs during the
day, and cellular respiration occurs at
night.
J Oxygen is produced during
photosynthesis and used during cellular
respiration.
Which molecule provides most of the energy
Cholera-causing bacteria have a single
used to drive chemical reactions in cells?
flagellum that allows these bacteria to —
F DNA
A move
G RNA
B reproduce
H ATP
C excrete water
J ADP
D produce sugar
The box contains some facts about kidneys and
dialysis. Which of the following best explains
why dialysis works
F Dialysis reduces the size of proteins.
G Proteins are dissolved by urine.
H Dialysis filters proteins from solution.
J Proteins transport membrane fragments.
What process is shown above?
A Cellular ingestion
B Pseudopod formation
C Cell wall digestion
D Binary fission
11th Grade Science – page 1
Which of these best explains why a freshwater
aquarium would be a dangerous habitat for
saltwater fish?
A The tissues of the saltwater fish would absorb
too much acid.
B The organs of the saltwater fish would
produce too much protein.
C The organ systems of the saltwater fish would
consume too much energy.
D The cells of the saltwater fish would gain too
much water.
Which of these is a characteristic of body cells
that require large amounts of energy?
A They have a large number of mitochondria.
B They have a supplementary Y chromosome.
C They have a two-layer membrane.
D They have a storage area for albumin
proteins.
Saltwater fish remove extra salt from their body by active transport through the gills. What is the
result of this activity?
A The salt becomes more chemically active.
B Water balance is maintained in the blood.
C The rate of energy production is decreased.
D The cell membrane becomes less permeable to water.
11th Grade Science – page 2
B.6A – Describe components of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and illustrate how information for
specifying traits of an organism is carried in the DNA.
In DNA, which of the following determines the
All of the following are found in a DNA
traits of an organism?
molecule except —
F Amount of adenine
A carbon dioxide
G Number of sugars
B deoxyribose
H Sequence of nitrogen bases
C nitrogen
J Strength of hydrogen bonds
D phosphate
Which of the following best describes the question this set of procedures was designed to
answer?
A Can a substance from dead bacteria transform living bacteria?
B Can R bacterial cells survive heating?
C Can dead bacterial cells confer immunity to a living host?
D Can bacterial cells be isolated from a healthy host?
Coat color in mice varies greatly, ranging from
Which molecule is most responsible for
black to grizzly gray, black-and-white, spotted,
determining an organism’s eye color, body
or white. The nucleus from a body cell of a
structure, and cellular enzyme production?
grizzly-gray mouse is fused with an egg from a
A Complex starch
black mouse from which the nucleus has been
B Fatty acid
removed. The egg begins to divide and is then
C Carbohydrate
transplanted into a female white mouse. What
D Deoxyribonucleic acid
will be the most likely coat color of the
offspring?
F Black
G Black with white spots
H Grizzly gray
J White
11th Grade Science – page 3
In all plant and animal cells, the nucleus
contains long molecules of DNA. Which of the
following best describes the function of DNA?
F DNA provides the shape and structure of the
nucleus.
G DNA packages materials for transport through
the nucleus.
H DNA carries materials into and out of the
nucleus.
J DNA contains the blueprint for producing the
whole organism.
Erwin Chargaff studied the DNA of organisms
within a single species. Chargaff discovered
that the amount of adenine is about equal to
the amount of thymine. Which of these
explains why the ratio of adenine to thymine is
nearly 1:1?
A Adenine and thymine pair with each other.
B Adenine binds with phosphates, while
thymine binds with nitrates.
C Adenine and thymine are identical in
chemical composition.
D Adenine bases contain a form of thymine.
What do the results of this investigation indicate?
F This trait is determined by the Y chromosome.
G Red-eyed flies always produce red-eyed offspring.
H White-eyed flies have many phenotypes for eye color.
J This trait is carried only on the X chromosome.
11th Grade Science – page 4
B.6B – Explain replication, transcription, and translation using models of DNA and ribonucleic acid
(RNA).
If a cat has 38 chromosomes in each of its body
cells, how many chromosomes will be in each
daughter cell after mitosis?
F 11
G 19
H 38
J 76
Which of these represents the DNA segment
from which this section of mRNA was
transcribed?
A ACTAAG
B TCUTTG
C GAAUCU
D UCCTGA
If the template of a strand of DNA is
5’ AGATGCATC 3’, the complementary strand
will be —
F 3’ TCTACGTAG 5’
G 5’ CTACGTAGA 3’
H 3’ AGATGCATC 5’
J 5’ AGACGTCTA 3’
DNA passes information to RNA during the
process of —
F transcription
G active transport
H regeneration
J osmosis
The diagram above shows how an mRNA molecule is synthesized. What would be the most
likely result if a bacterial infection stopped the production of the RNA polymerase?
F A protein could not be manufactured.
G A lysosome would digest the cell.
H Osmosis would not occur in the cell.
J Dehydration could be prevented in the cytoplasm
Which of the following must occur before DNA replication can take place?
A Translation of DNA into amino acids
B Separation of the DNA molecule into codons
C Transformation of DNA into RNA
D Separation of the DNA double helix
11th Grade Science – page 5
B.6C – Identify and illustrate how changes in DNA cause mutations [and evaluate the significance of
these changes].
Mutations in DNA molecules can occur when —
F replication of DNA is exact
G a DNA enzyme attaches to an RNA codon
H RNA codons are replaced by DNA
nucleotides
J a change occurs in DNA nucleotide bases
The diagram above shows chromosomes in a
cell undergoing cell division. If one of the
chromosomes breaks during this process,
which of the following will most likely happen?
A Mutation
B Selection
C Duplication
D Segregation
The assembly of a messenger RNA strand that normally begins with UAC has been changed so
that the newly assembled messenger RNA strand begins with UAG. Which of the following will
most likely occur?
A The protein will be missing the first amino acid.
B The amino acids that make up the protein will all be different.
C The mRNA will become attached to a ribosome.
D The production of the protein will be stopped.
Which of the following is a change that could be passed on to an organism’s offspring?
F Damage to the DNA of gamete cells
G Damage to skin cells from exposure to sunlight
H Damage to DNA in the cytoplasm of cheek cells
J Damage to hair pigment cells with permanent dyes
Which of these best explains how mutation can
Sickle-cell anemia is a disorder resulting from
be beneficial to an organism? A Phenotypic
a mutation that leads to the production of an
change may create an advantage over other
abnormal protein. Which component of the
organisms.
DNA molecule provides instructions for the
B Recombined genetic material improves
production of the protein?
genotype stability.
A The phosphate groups
C Mitosis becomes a favored means of
B The sugar molecules
reproduction.
C The sequence of nitrogen bases
D Deoxyribose sugars develop into additional
D The bonds that hold the sugars to the bases
nucleotides.
11th Grade Science – page 6
A deletion of a DNA base from a gene affects an organism by—
F causing future gametes to have additional chromosomes
G changing the sequence of amino acids in a protein
H causing chromosome fragments to form long chains
J changing the structure of ribose sugar in nucleic acids
If one nucleotide is omitted or accidentally repeated in the process of DNA duplication, which of
the following is most likely to occur?
F Gene deletion
G Gene mutation
H Gene insertion
J Gene segregation techniques
11th Grade Science – page 7
B.8C – Identify characteristics of kingdoms including monerans, protists, fungi, plants and animals.
The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is most closely related to the —
F spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarki
G Asian flying frog, Polypedates leucomystax
H northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens
J African bullfrog, Pyxicephalus adspersus
Which of these classifications is most
The kingdom Animalia includes all of these
specific?
except —
A Family
A jellyfish
B Genus
B sponges
C Phylum
C amoebas
D Order
D roundworms
Which kingdom does this organism belong to?
A Fungi
B Archaebacteria
C Plantae
D Animalia
This organism most likely is a member of
which kingdom?
F Eubacteria
G Protista
H Animalia
J Plantae
11th Grade Science – page 8
B.10A – Interpret the functions of systems in organisms including circulatory, digestive, nervous,
endocrine, reproductive, integumentary, skeletal, respiratory, muscular, excretory, and immune.
A portion of the human excretory system is
represented in the diagram. The order in
which urine flows through the system is —
F urethra 


G ureter 


H kidney 


J bladder 


Which body system is directly responsible for
delivering nutrients to cells throughout the
body?
A Circulatory system
B Integumentary system
C Endocrine system
D Respiratory system
The diagram illustrates the parts of this flower.
Which of these parts are not directly involved
in sexual reproduction?
A Stigma and style
B Sepal and pedicel
C Anther and filament
D Receptacle and ovary
Red marrow is the principal tissue that
produces red blood cells in humans. In which
body system is red marrow found?
F Integumentary system
G Respiratory system
H Nervous system
J Skeletal system
According to this information, some organs of
the gastrointestinal tract —
The diagram represents a human arm. Which
A fit in more than one organ system
structure is most responsible for moving the
B perform only one function at a time
arm to a straighter position?
C supply the body with platelets
A Tendons of origin
11th Grade Science – page 9
B Biceps
C Radius
D Triceps
D produce soluble vitamins
11th Grade Science – page 10
B.10B – Compare the interrelationships of organ systems to each other and the body as a whole.
Nutrients from digested food move from the
When a person is frightened by a wild animal,
digestive system directly into the —
some organ systems immediately become
A circulatory system
active, while others are suppressed. Which of
B integumentary system
these systems is likely to be suppressed?
C excretory system
F Muscular system
D endocrine system
G Respiratory system
H Endocrine system
J Digestive system
How is the circulatory system related to the
How is the excretory system most likely to
digestive system?
respond when an animal is thirsty?
F The brain stem controls the heart rate.
F By relaxing the smooth muscles
G Blood carries nutrients to body cells.
G By retaining body fluids
H Stomach muscles contract and expand.
H By absorbing heat from lymph glands
J The pharynx is a passageway for air and
J By releasing hormones
food.
Because chewing begins the breakdown of
food before it is swallowed, digestion starts in
the mouth and throat. Which of the following
systems aids most in this early stage of
digestion?
A Immune system
B Excretory system
C Muscular system
D Respiratory system
11th Grade Science – page 11