Download Interactions Within Communities

Interactions Within Communities
Obtaining Energy
• All living ____________ need a constant supply of _____________.
• The ___________ that fuels most life comes from the __________.
• Plants use the sun and _____________ to break down this energy and use
it for ________________ to survive.
• People and ______________ use the sun and food to break down this
energy, through a __________ process, and use it for fuel to survive.
Producers
• _____________ that use an outside energy source like the Sun to make
molecules for fuel are called _____________.
• Most producers contain ______________, which is a chemical required for
___________________.
• _____________ plants are ______________________________.
• Some producers do not contain ________________ and do not use energy from
the ________________________.
• Instead they make ________________________ molecules through a
process called ________________________.
• Some of these _______________ can be found near volcanic vents on the
_____________ floor.
Consumers
• ______________ that cannot make their own molecules for energy are
called ______________.
• ______________ obtain energy by eating other_______________.
• ______________ are the _____________________ of the world.
• Examples include _____________, deer, and _________________.
• _______________ are animals that eat other ________________.
• Examples include _____________, spiders, and ______________.
Consumers Cont.
• _______________ eat mostly ___________________ and animals.
• Examples include ___________, humans, and _______________.
• _______________ consume waste and ______________ organisms.
• Examples include _____________, bacteria, and ____________.
• Decomposers help _____________ once-living matter by breaking it down
into simple, ________________ substances.
• These substances might serve as food for ___________________, be
absorbed by plant roots, or ______________ by other organisms.
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Food Chains
• ___________ includes the study of how organisms depend on each other
for ______________.
• A food ___________ is a simple model for feeding _______________ in
an ecosystem.
• For example, ______________ are food for deer, and ____________ are
food for mountain lions.
Symbiotic Relationships
• Not all __________ among organisms involve _________________.
• Many organisms live _______________ and share ______________ in
other ways.
• Any close ___________ between species is called ______________.
Mutualism
• _______________ are made up of an alga or ________________ that
lives within tissues of a fungus.
• Through ___________, the cyanobacterium or alga supplies
_______________ to itself and the fungus.
• The ________________ provides a protected ________________ in
which cyanobacterium or alga can live.
• _____________ organisms _____________ from the relationship.
• A _________________________ relationship in which both organisms
benefit is called _______________.
Commensalism
• The sea anemone has gently _______________, tube-like tentacles that
contain a mild ________________.
• Anemones use their ________________________ to capture shrimp,
_____________________, and other small animals to eat.
• The _________________ clown fish can swim among the
__________________ without being harmed.
• The anemone’s ______________ protect the clownfish from
________________.
• In this ______________ the clown fish benefits but the sea anemone is not
helped or _______________.
• A _______________ relationship in which one organism benefits and other
is not affected is called __________________________.
Parasitism
• _______________________ are common in ______________.
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This roundworm attaches itself to the inside of the puppy
___________________ and feeds on nutrients in the puppy
________________________.
The puppy may have ___________ pain, bloating, and
_________________.
If the infection is _____________, the puppy might ___________.
A ______________ relationship in which one organism benefits and the
other is harmed is called _________________________.
Niches
• One _____________ may contain hundreds or even ________________
of species.
• A ______________ log in a forest can be home to many species of insects,
including ________________ that eat decaying wood and ants that feed on
termites.
• Other species that live on or under the rotting log include
_______________, centipedes, spiders, and _________________.
• You might think that the _______________ for resources would make it
impossible for so many species to live in the same ___________________.
• However, each _____________ has different ______________ for
survival.
• As a result, each __________ has its own ________________.
• An organisms niche is its role in its environment-how it obtains __________
and shelter, finds a mate, cares for its young, and avoids ______________.
Niches Cont.
• Special ______________ that improve survival are often part of an
organism’s ________________________.
• Milkweed plants contain a _________________ that prevents many
___________________ from feeding on them.
• _________________________ butterfly caterpillars have an
_________________________ that allows them to eat milkweed.
• Monarchs can take ________________ of a food ___________________
that other species can not.
• Milkweed _________________ also helps protect monarchs from
____________________.
• When the caterpillars eat ____________________________, they
become slightly _____________________________.
• Birds avoid eating ________________ because they learn that the
caterpillars can adult ________________ have an awful taste and can make
them sick.
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Predator and Prey
• An organisms ________________________ includes how it avoids being
eaten and how it finds or ______________________ its food.
• _________________ are consumers that capture and eat other
________________________.
• The _______________________ is the organism that is captured by the
_______________________.
• The presence of __________________ usually increases the number of
different species that live in an _____________________.
• ___________ limit the size of prey _______________________.
• As a result, food and other _____________ are less likely to become
scarce, and ______________________ between species is reduced.
Cooperation
• Individual organisms often ____________________ in ways that
_______________ survival.
• For example, a _________________ deer that detects the presence of
wolves or _______________ will alert the other deer in the herd.
• Many insects, such as ________________ and honeybees, live in social
_____________________.
• Different ______________________ perform different tasks required
for the survival of the entire ____________________.
• ________________________ ants protect workers that go out of the
nest to gather ____________________.
• Worker ants feed and care for ant _______________ that hatch from
eggs laid by the ____________________.
• These _______________________ actions improve survival and are part
of the specie’s ________________.
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