Survey
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* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Interactions Within Communities Obtaining Energy • All living ____________ need a constant supply of _____________. • The ___________ that fuels most life comes from the __________. • Plants use the sun and _____________ to break down this energy and use it for ________________ to survive. • People and ______________ use the sun and food to break down this energy, through a __________ process, and use it for fuel to survive. Producers • _____________ that use an outside energy source like the Sun to make molecules for fuel are called _____________. • Most producers contain ______________, which is a chemical required for ___________________. • _____________ plants are ______________________________. • Some producers do not contain ________________ and do not use energy from the ________________________. • Instead they make ________________________ molecules through a process called ________________________. • Some of these _______________ can be found near volcanic vents on the _____________ floor. Consumers • ______________ that cannot make their own molecules for energy are called ______________. • ______________ obtain energy by eating other_______________. • ______________ are the _____________________ of the world. • Examples include _____________, deer, and _________________. • _______________ are animals that eat other ________________. • Examples include _____________, spiders, and ______________. Consumers Cont. • _______________ eat mostly ___________________ and animals. • Examples include ___________, humans, and _______________. • _______________ consume waste and ______________ organisms. • Examples include _____________, bacteria, and ____________. • Decomposers help _____________ once-living matter by breaking it down into simple, ________________ substances. • These substances might serve as food for ___________________, be absorbed by plant roots, or ______________ by other organisms. 1 Food Chains • ___________ includes the study of how organisms depend on each other for ______________. • A food ___________ is a simple model for feeding _______________ in an ecosystem. • For example, ______________ are food for deer, and ____________ are food for mountain lions. Symbiotic Relationships • Not all __________ among organisms involve _________________. • Many organisms live _______________ and share ______________ in other ways. • Any close ___________ between species is called ______________. Mutualism • _______________ are made up of an alga or ________________ that lives within tissues of a fungus. • Through ___________, the cyanobacterium or alga supplies _______________ to itself and the fungus. • The ________________ provides a protected ________________ in which cyanobacterium or alga can live. • _____________ organisms _____________ from the relationship. • A _________________________ relationship in which both organisms benefit is called _______________. Commensalism • The sea anemone has gently _______________, tube-like tentacles that contain a mild ________________. • Anemones use their ________________________ to capture shrimp, _____________________, and other small animals to eat. • The _________________ clown fish can swim among the __________________ without being harmed. • The anemone’s ______________ protect the clownfish from ________________. • In this ______________ the clown fish benefits but the sea anemone is not helped or _______________. • A _______________ relationship in which one organism benefits and other is not affected is called __________________________. Parasitism • _______________________ are common in ______________. 2 • • • • This roundworm attaches itself to the inside of the puppy ___________________ and feeds on nutrients in the puppy ________________________. The puppy may have ___________ pain, bloating, and _________________. If the infection is _____________, the puppy might ___________. A ______________ relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called _________________________. Niches • One _____________ may contain hundreds or even ________________ of species. • A ______________ log in a forest can be home to many species of insects, including ________________ that eat decaying wood and ants that feed on termites. • Other species that live on or under the rotting log include _______________, centipedes, spiders, and _________________. • You might think that the _______________ for resources would make it impossible for so many species to live in the same ___________________. • However, each _____________ has different ______________ for survival. • As a result, each __________ has its own ________________. • An organisms niche is its role in its environment-how it obtains __________ and shelter, finds a mate, cares for its young, and avoids ______________. Niches Cont. • Special ______________ that improve survival are often part of an organism’s ________________________. • Milkweed plants contain a _________________ that prevents many ___________________ from feeding on them. • _________________________ butterfly caterpillars have an _________________________ that allows them to eat milkweed. • Monarchs can take ________________ of a food ___________________ that other species can not. • Milkweed _________________ also helps protect monarchs from ____________________. • When the caterpillars eat ____________________________, they become slightly _____________________________. • Birds avoid eating ________________ because they learn that the caterpillars can adult ________________ have an awful taste and can make them sick. 3 Predator and Prey • An organisms ________________________ includes how it avoids being eaten and how it finds or ______________________ its food. • _________________ are consumers that capture and eat other ________________________. • The _______________________ is the organism that is captured by the _______________________. • The presence of __________________ usually increases the number of different species that live in an _____________________. • ___________ limit the size of prey _______________________. • As a result, food and other _____________ are less likely to become scarce, and ______________________ between species is reduced. Cooperation • Individual organisms often ____________________ in ways that _______________ survival. • For example, a _________________ deer that detects the presence of wolves or _______________ will alert the other deer in the herd. • Many insects, such as ________________ and honeybees, live in social _____________________. • Different ______________________ perform different tasks required for the survival of the entire ____________________. • ________________________ ants protect workers that go out of the nest to gather ____________________. • Worker ants feed and care for ant _______________ that hatch from eggs laid by the ____________________. • These _______________________ actions improve survival and are part of the specie’s ________________. 4