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Transcript
What is Judaism? Objective: To comprehend and discuss the origins and doctrine of Judaism. Essential Question: How has Judaism influenced the world today ? Origins of Judaism … In 1800 BC nomadic Hebrews from Canaan migrate to Egypt & enslaved Moses leads them out of Egypt to Sinai Peninsula He hears the voice of God God made a covenant- Hebrews accept God as ruler of Heaven and Earth and in return are “Chosen People” Set up state in Palestine The Patriarchs: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (“Israel”) – origins of the Hebrew The Kingdom of Israel 1025 BC after migrate from Sinai Peninsula form state of Israel (Ancient Israel is located in Palestine) Area suffered from frequent invasions Kingdom greatest under 2 great kings: David & Solomon David- great military leader; made Israel powerful Solomon his son known for wisdom – Jerusalem into a great capital Conquest Heavy tax on people increase discontent Once Solomon dies revolts Foreign invasion → exile of Hebrews 500 BC Persians conquer allow Hebrews to return to Israel – rebuild Solomon's Temple After Persian- Greek then Roman rule The Diaspora: AD 70 Jews revolted against Roman rule – many Jews killed Jews forced out of Palestine Scattered communities keep traditions The Torah & Ethical World View The Torah— the first five books of the Hebrew Bible Set out duties owed to God – conduct Ethical worldview-people and their rulers should lead moral lives Religious teachers/ prophets remind of consequences if stray from law Rulers not regarded as Gods Individuals responsible for own actions Today, Jews are… A nation in Diaspora (dispersed) 15 – 16 million in worldwide population United by a common heritage (an “ethnic” religion), divided in contemporary practice: Orthodox: Modern Chasidic (Ultra Orthodox) Reformed (18th century Germany) Conservative – moderates, response to reform Reconstructionalism (20th century America) As a way of life, Judaism is based on… 613 commandments found in Torah (“Written Law”) Talmud (“Oral Law”) – commentary of ancient rabbis that elaborates on how to apply God’s Law in everyday life through: Dietary rules (Kashrut/Kosher) Dress and other symbols Prayer and devotion to the one God The Temple and Temple rites Observance of Holy days Proper social relations between male and female, in business, judicial rulings, etc. High Religious Holidays The Jewish Holidays: High Holidays: Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) Sukkot, the “Festival of Booths” (fall harvest festival) Simchat Torah – celebrating Torah Chanukah, the “Festival of Lights” More Holy Days… Purim (“Lots”) – a carnival (commemorates events told in book of Esther) Pesach (“Passover”) – commemorates the exodus from Egypt (events told in Exodus) Shavuot (“weeks,” Pentecost) – commemorates receipt of Torah at Sinai Other, minor festivals Shabbat (Sabbath, 7th day, on Saturday) – the “Day of Rest” How is Judaism related to Christianity? Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of Christianity but is not a part of it Jesus was Jewish, as were his followers and the Apostles Jews do not believe that Jesus was anything more than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago – Jews still await their messiah The Jewish messiah would not be divine. He would be a political figure who restores the Hebrew monarchy and causes peace to reign on Earth Jews are not concerned about salvation and the “world to come” Sources: http://lds.org/scriptures/bc/scriptures/co ntent/english/biblemaps/images/03990_000_bible-map9.pdf http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VTH 5SWDFq4