Download IV. Diagramming Subjects and Verbs Diagramming shows how well

IV. Diagramming Subjects and Verbs
A. Diagramming shows how well you can analyze the parts of a sentence. Quickly
shows you what you know and what you do not know.
B. The steps of Diagramming
1. Draw a horizontal line divided by a short vertical line
2. Find the verb first and write it to the right of the vertical line
3. Find the subject and write it to the left of the vertical line
4. Read the subject and verb together to see if you have chosen sensible
answers
5. Retain all capitalization but omit punctuation marks
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V. Recognizing Compound Subjects and Verbs
A. Compound Subject: consists of two or more subjects connected by
1. “and”, “or”, or “nor”
Ex: Hugs and kisses are important to grandparents. (The two parts of the subj are
used with the same verb, are)
B. Compound Verb: consists of two or more verbs connected by
1. “and”, “or”, “nor”, or “but”.
Ex. The heart of the wise teacheth his mouth and addeth learning to his lips. (the two
parts of the verb are used with the same subject, heart)
C. A sentence may contain both a compound subject and a compound verb
1. Envy and strife are unnecessary and bring disconnect.
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VI. Locating Complements
A. A complement is needed to complete a thought if the subject and verb cannot.
B. Locate the complement by asking the questions:
1. Who? Whom? or What? (after the verb)
Ex: Mr. Smith is our favorite teacher.
(Mr. Smith is what? Mr. Smith is
teacher. Teacher is the complement.)
C. Compliments cannot be in a prepositional phrase.
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VII. Recognizing Sentences and Fragments
A. A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. Always has a
subject and a predicate(verb).
B. A fragment is a separated sentence part that does not express a complete thought
VII. Correcting Fragments
A. The easiest way to correct a fragment is to rejoin it to the sentence from which it
has been separated.
Ex: The missionary took flying lessons. To be able to fly into remote villages.
(fragment)
Corrected: The missionary took flying lessons to be able to fly into remote villages.
VIII. Correcting Run-on Sentences
A. A run-on sentence is two or more sentences written incorrectly as one sentence.
Page 76 “Recognizing Parts of Speech”
I.
Eight parts of speech
A. Verb: a word that shows action, links a word to the subject, helps another
verb, or indicates existence.
B. Noun: a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
C. Pronoun: word that takes the place of a noun
D. Adjective: word that modifies a noun or a pronoun. Answers the questions
“what kind, which one, how many, how much or whose”
E. Adverb: word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Answers
the questions “where, when, how, how often, to what extent”
F. Preposition: word that shows how a noun or pronoun is related to some
other word in the sentence.
G. Conjunction: word that joins words or groups of words.
H. Interjection: is an exclamatory word that is not related to the other words in
a sentence
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II.
Recognizing Action Verbs
A. An action verb expresses physical or mental action.
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III. Recognizing Linking Verbs
A. A linking verb does not express action. It links a word in the predicate to the
subject
B. The verbs am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been are forms of the verb “be.”
These “be” verbs may be used as helping verbs as well as linking verbs.
C. The verbs taste, feel, smell, sound, look, appear, become, seem, grow,
remain, stay may be used as action verbs as well as linking verbs, depending
on the sense of the sentence.
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IV.
Recognizing Helping Verbs
A. A helping verb helps the main verb to make a statement.
B. A verb phrase is a main verb and its helping verbs.
C. A verb phrase is sometimes interrupted by adverbs. The adverb not is a
common interrupter.
D. The subject of an interrogative sentence usually interrupts the verb phrase.
HELPING VERBS
am
were have do
shall may
is
be
has
does will
might
are
being had did
should must
was been
would can
could
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V.
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VI.
Distinguishing Verbs from Verbals
A. To distinguish verbs from verbals, remember two things
1. A verb has a subject; a verbal does not
2. A verbal functions as a noun, adjective, or adverb.
B. A participle is a verbal used as an adjective to modify a noun or a pronoun. A
participle has an ending similar to a verb (-ing, -d, -ed, -t, or –en,), but
functions as an adjective in the sentence.
Using Principal Parts I
A. All verbs may be classified as regular or irregular verbs, depending on the
way that the past and past participle are formed
B. Regular verbs- form the past and past participle by adding –ed, -d, or –t to
the present
Ex: use, used, (have) used ; start, started, (have) started ; mean, meant,
(have) meant
C. Irregular verbs- form the past participle in irregular ways other than by
adding –ed, -d, or –t to the present
Ex: go, went, (have) gone ; ride, rode, (have) ridden ; burst, burst (have)
burst
D. Both regular and irregular verbs form the present participle by adding –ing to
the present
Ex: talk, talking ; burn, burning ; carry, carrying
E. Sometimes spelling changes must be made before adding –ing or –ed to
verbs.
1. For verbs ending in silent e, drop the e before adding –ing.
a. Save, saving
b. Exceptions: canoeing, and hoeing
2. For verbs ending in y preceded by a consonant, change the y to i
before adding –ed.
a. Spy, spied, spied
b. Hurry, hurried, hurried
3. For verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel,
usually double the final consonant before adding –ed or –ing.
a. Flip, flipping, flipped, flipped
b. Plan, planning, planned, planned
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VII.
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IX.
Using Principal Parts II
A. Past is different from past participle. Never use helping verbs with the past,
always use them with the past participle.
B. Do not use incorrect forms such as: attackted, brung, busted, clumb,
drownded, drug (for dragged), et, aten, growed, snuck, stoled, throwed,
thunk.
Using Verb Tenses
A. The tense of a verb indicates the time expressed by the verb. (Tense means
time). The verb changes to express six different tenses
1. Present tense: I see (He sees)
2. Past tense: I saw
3. Future tense: I shall (or will) see
4. Present perfect tense: I have seen (He has seen)
5. Past perfect tense: I had seen
6. Future perfect tense: I shall (or will) have seen
B.When writing, select one tense and do not change to a different tense without good
reason
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X.
Using Sit and Set Correctly
A. The verb sit means “to be seated.” Its principal parts are sit, sitting, sat, (have) sat. (never
requires an object)
7. Let’s sit near the front.
8. The monkey sat on the limb
B. The verb set means “to put or place something.” Its principal parts are set, setting, set,
(have) set. (usually requires an object)
1. set the bowl on the table
2. They are setting the props in place.
XI.
Using Rise and Raise Correctly
A. The verb rise means “to go up” or “to get up.” Its principal parts are rise, rising, rose,
(have) risen. (never requires an object)
1. The dead in Christ shall rise first.
2. He has risen as He said.
B. The verb raise means “to lift something” or “to push up something.” Its principal parts
are raise, raising, raised, (have) raised. (usually requires an object)
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1. Each morning we raise the windows.
2. Our neighbors are raising vegetables.
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XII.
Using Lie and Lay Correctly
A. The verb lie means “to recline.” Its principal parts are lie, lying, lay, (have) lain.
(never requires an object)
1. Do not lie down on the job.
2. The lion is lying in wait.
B. The verb lay means “to put or place something.” Its principal parts are lay, laying,
laid, (have) laid. (usually requires an object)
1. Lay your book on the table.
2. We are laying new carpet in the den.
XIII.
Using Other Troublesome Verbs Correctly
A. Bring indicates movement towards you, take indicates movement away from you.
B. Can refers to ability, may refers to permission.
C. Learn means “to obtain knowledge” while teach means “to give instruction”
D. Let means “to allow” while leave means “to go away from” or “to cause to remain”
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