Download Exam Review 2007-2008 When given a sentence, identify the parts

Exam Review 2007-2008
 When given a sentence, identify the parts of speech.
Example: Wait! Marcus and he excitedly ran after the cool kid!
Interjection: Wait! Proper Noun: Marcus
Conjunction: and
Adverb: excitedly
Action Verb: ran
Preposition: after
Adjective: cool
Common noun: kid
Pronoun: he
Article: the
 When given a sentence, identify types of phrases (gerund, infinitive, prepositional, or participial).
Example: Running is great exercise.
The gerund phrase is functioning as a noun. A gerund is a verb form used as a noun. It uses the –ing verb
ending. Gerunds can function as subjects, direct objects, predicate nominatives, or as an object of the
preposition.
Example: I had to go to the store.
The infinitive phrase is functioning as an object. Notice the signal word “to” prior to what looks like a verb.
Infinitives are verb forms. They can be used in sentences as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
Example: I went to the mall.
The prepositional phrase starts with “to”. Notice “mall” is the object of the preposition. Prepositions connect
nouns and pronouns to other words in a sentence and show their relationship. They can function as nouns,
adjectives, or adverbs. They will always have an object of the preposition (noun or pronoun).
Example: Walking to school, Ms. Stevens discovered an injured bird.
The participial phrase is describing Ms. Stevens. A participle ends in –ing or –ed. It is a verb form used as an
adjective. It will be near the noun or pronoun it is describing. A few prepositions are in, out, with, at, of,
around, near, down, beside, under, after, before, etc.
 When given a sentence, identify types of clauses (noun, adjective, or adverb).
Example: I gave whatever I could spare to Emily.
This is an example of noun clause. A subordinate clause functions as a direct object. Noun clauses can
function as subject, direct object, predicate nominative, or object of preposition.
Example: The dress, which is part of the school uniform, is maroon and white plaid.
This is an example of an adjective clause. An adjective clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or
pronoun in the independent clause. It usually comes right after the word it modifies and answers which one and
what kind.
Example: After we finish studying, I’ll order dinner out.
This is an example of an adverb clause. An adverb clause is a subordinate clause that functions as an adverb to
modify the independent clause. They answer how, when, where, or why.
 When given sentences, identify the statement that does or does not contain propaganda.
Example: Everyone loves the new Cisco IP Phone. Have you gotten yours?
This is an example of propaganda because of the word “Everyone”. Bandwagon.
Example: The Cisco IP Phone is gray.
This is just a fact. It does not contain propaganda.
*You won’t need to know the types, but you need to identify the statement that is trying to persuade you.*
 When given a sentence, identify types of sentences (simple, compound, complex, or sentence
fragment).
Example: The ghost of Mr. Ofster appears in the hall every morning and
terrorizes the students.
This is a simple sentence because it consists of a single independent clause or complete thought. It can have
more than one subject, and more than one verb and still be a simple sentence.
Example: Most of the girls disliked the subject, but the boys did.
This is a compound sentence because it contains two or more independent clauses. It will have either a
coordinating conjunction (and, or, but, so, nor, or yet) or a semi-colon.
Example: We didn’t think we could afford a new computer, until we saw the cost of repairs.
This is a complex sentence because it contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. The
dependent or subordinate clause can be located at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence.
Example: Although he was tired.
This is a sentence fragment because it is a subordinate or dependent clause.
 When given an excerpt from a poem, identify the figurative language or poetry terms being used
(simile, metaphor, personification, onomatopoeia, hyperbole, alliteration, idiom, or rhyme
scheme).
Simile: A figure of speech in which a comparison is made between two unlike things using like or as.
Example: He was like a human tree.
Metaphor: A figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things.
Example: He is a tiger.
Personification: Gives human characteristics to an inanimate object.
Example: The trees danced throughout the night.
Onomatopoeia: Words whose sounds imitate their suggested meaning.
Examples: buzz, hiss, and clang
Hyperbole: A figure of speech that uses a deliberate exaggeration.
Example: We walked 1000 miles that day.
Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
Example: The wild winter wonderland was a sight.
Idiom: An expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its basic elements.
Example: It is raining cats and dogs outside.
Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of rhymes used in a poem, usually marked by letters to symbolize
correspondences.
Example:
The days are short,
A
The sun a spark
B
Hung thin between
C
The dark and dark.
B
 When given an excerpt of a poem, identify the type of poetry (two-voice, concrete, haiku, or
limerick).
Two-Voice: Two-voice poetry is written for two people to perform. The poetry usually has two columns—one
for each person who is reading the poem.
Concrete: A poem whose meaning is conveyed through its graphic shape or pattern on the printed page.
Haiku: A major form of Japanese verse, written in 17 syllables divided into 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables.
Limerick: A kind of humorous verse of five lines, in which the first, second, and fifth lines rhyme with each
other, and the third and fourth lines, which are shorter, form a rhymed couplet.
 When given a sentence, identify the correct homophone that should be used in the sentence (tooto-two, accept-except, their-they’re- there).
Example: __________ sister told me __________ stubborn.
a. Your, you’re
b. You’re, your
c. Your, your d. You’re, you’re
The correct answer would be: A
Your sister told me you’re stubborn.
 Given a passage, students will edit and revise. This will be in multiple-choice format.
Example: The students behavior is unacceptable.
What change, if any, should be made in sentence 1?
A. change student to student’s
B. change unacceptable to unexceptable
C. change is to are
D. Make no change
The correct answer would be A. ‘s shows ownership. Whose behavior? student’s behavior.