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Biology I
Evolution Test
EARLY EARTH AND NATURAL SELECTION TEST
1.
A clear fish imprint in a rock indicates that the rock is probably
a. Volcanic
c. Metamorphic
b. Sedimentary
d. Igneous
Multiple Choice
/90
Essay
/26
Total
/116
2.
The primitive Earth atmosphere is hypothesized to have been missing which important gas to develop life on land?
a. Carbon dioxide
c. Oxygen
b. Sulfur
d. Nitrogen
3.
Which group of organisms is believed to have been the earliest to evolve?
a. Land plants
c. Aquatic dinosaurs
b. Prokaryotic bacteria
d. Mammals
4.
The type of natural selection that favors the average variation in a population is called ____________________.
a. Stabilizing selection
c. Directional selection
b. Sorting selection
d. Disruptive selection
5.
If some orange fruit loop developed a physiological adaptation to be spicy, the other orange fruit loops would increase their
chance of survival, this demonstrates?
a. Biochemistry
c. Camouflage
b. Mimicry
d. Embryology
6.
Entire organisms, with even their most delicate parts intact, have been found preserved in
a. Igneous rock and ice
c. Sedimentary rocks
b. Mineral deposits and metamorphic rock
d. Amber
7.
Natural selection can best be defined as the
a. Survival of the biggest and stronger organisms in a population
b. Elimination of the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms
c. Survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area
d. Survival and reproduction of the organisms that are best adapted to the environment
8.
All of the following statements are part of the Theory of Natural Selection EXCEPT:
a. Variations occur in natural populations
b. Characteristics that are acquired during the life of an individual are passed on to offspring
c. Variations are selected by the pressures of the physical environment
d. On average, the best adapted individuals leave more offspring
9.
Of the following anatomical structures, which is homologous to the wing of a bat?
a. The dorsal fin of a shark
c. The wing of a butterfly
b. The tail of a kangaroo
d. The arm of a human
10. What did Charles Darwin publish in 1859?
a. Vestiges of Creation
c. On the Nature of Things
b. Philosophic Zoologique
d. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
11. What has been studied to great lengths to give clues about what life was like many years ago?
a. Population genetics
c. Natural Selection
b. The fossil record
d. Creationism
12. Which of the following is true about natural selection?
a. Organisms are the most fit if they can catch the most food
b. Organisms with adaptive traits are not able to reproduce as well as other organisms without the traits
c. Organisms must reproduce for natural selection to occur
d. Organisms receive the characteristics that their parents acquired during their lives
13. Which of the following statements are true about fossils?
a. Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rock layers
b. There are many different ways that fossils can be formed
c. Fossil insects preserved in amber can be preserved full size
d. All of these
14. Which of the following is NOT an example of reproductive isolation?
a. Genetic material is too different
c. Behavioral differences between populations
b. Populations being separated by a river
d. Populations are anatomically different
15. Charles Darwin sailed on which ship on his five year voyage?
a. HMS Beagle
c. Titanic
b. SS Minnow
d. USS Arizona
16. Mrs. Poirier was discovered buried in many rock layers before she started teaching at Romulus. When the scientist
uncovered her they used the layers of rock to determine her age compared to organisms found above and below her. What is
this fossil dating method known as?
a. Relative dating
c. Dating really old things
b. Radiometric dating
d. Carbon dating
17. Which type of fossil is created by the footprint of an organism?
a. Amber
c. Trace
b. Casts
d. Molds
18. Where did Darwin travel to obtain his most important plants and animals?
a. Tierra Del Fuego
c. North America
b. Galapagos Islands
d. Australia
19. What line of embryonic evidence do scientists use to suggest common ancestors?
a. Gill Slits
c. Homologous structures
b. Embryonic tail
d. All of the above
20. Scientists breed peacocks in captivity to study their immune systems. Those with the brightest feathers have the best immune
systems, and are allowed to reproduce. What is this an example of?
a. Adaptation
c. Mimicry
b. Artificial Selection
d. Natural Selection
21. What type of adaptations allow polar bears to blend into their snowy habitats?
a. Mimicry
c. Camouflage
b. Vestigial structures
d. Analogous structure
22. Look at the picture of Darwin’s finches. What is the best explanation for the
different beak structures that are shown?
a. The birds acquired different beaks in their lifetimes and passed those
beaks on to offspring.
b. They are all the same species of bird
c. The different beak variations are best suited to each bird’s specific diet,
so those are the birds that go on to reproduce.
d. There is no logical explanation.
23. A skull is found that has 10g of Carbon. It originally had 80g of Carbon. How
old is the skull? (Carbon loses half of its mass every 6,000 years)
a. 18,000 years
c. 6000 years.
b. 36,000 years
d. 12,000 years
24. An imprint fossil is found to be 18,000yrs old. It began with 24g of Carbon, and currently has 3g. What process is this
describing?
a. Relative dating
c. Paleontology
b. Radiometric dating
d. Natural Selection
25. A syrphid fly that has a physical appearance similar to a yellow jacket wasp would be an example of _______.
a. Homologous structures
c. Vestigial structures
b. Camouflage
d. Mimicry
26. A rockfish sneaking up on its prey by looking like part of the ocean floor is an example of _______.
a. Homologous structures
c. Vestigial structures
b. Camouflage
d. Behavioral adaptations
27. Which of the following is NOT required for natural selection?
a. Variation within a population
c. Unlimited resources
b. Sexual reproduction
d. Pressure from the physical environment
28. Which of the following is NOT an example of a vestigial structure in humans?
a. Male Nipples
c. Tail bone
b. Wisdom teeth
d. Eye lashes
29. A sample of baboon DNA, chimp DNA, ape DNA, and monkey DNA are analyzed. The baboon’s is found to be 84%
identical to the monkey’s, the chimp’s is 91% identical, and the ape’s is 88% identical. Which of the organisms is the most
distant relative of the monkey?
a. Ape
c. Baboon
b. Chimp
d. Monkey
30. The pictures above show three different animals that have developed wings. What accounts for the fact that these very
different animals have all developed wings?
a. These animals have evolved from the same winged ancestor
b. These animals are evolving toward being the same animal in the future
c. Their ancestors figured out a way to get food more easily
d. The ancestors of these animals experienced similar selective pressures in their environments
31. Which line of evidence for evolution do these wings represent?
a. Analogous structures
c. DNA
b. Embryology
d. Homologous structures
32. Mr. Niedermeyer found a chinchilla fossil beneath the layers of earth in the courtyard. What does relative dating say about
the age of that fossil?
a. When compared to other fossils, the younger fossils are deeper in the earth and the older fossils are closer to the
surface.
b. If Mr. Niedermeyer was able to find fossils, then they must have been in plain view
c. When compared to other fossils, the older fossils are deeper in the earth and the younger fossils are closer to the
surface.
d. Relative dating does not deal with the age of fossils
33. Which of the following is an example of geographic isolation?
a. Two populations of organisms being separated by a river.
b. Two populations mating at different times of the year.
c. Two populations having DNA that is very different from each other.
d. Two populations that are anatomically different from each other.
34. Which of the following is NOT an example of mimicry?
a. A normal butterfly that evolves to look like a poisonous butterfly
b. A harmless snake evolves to look like the poisonous coral snake
c. A fish that evolves a lump on their head that looks like a worm
d. A fly that evolves to look like a hornet
35. In early Earth, what happened when the planet began to cool?
a. Oxygen was produced in the atmosphere
b. Water began to condense and form the oceans
c. Plants moved from the oceans to the land
d. The first vertebrates began to evolve.
36. What is the reasonable conclusion based upon the development of these organisms?
a. They all have common ancestors
b. They all begin as the same animal
c. They are evolving toward one species
d. The similarities are coincidental
37. Fossils from a Peregrine falcon are found in the Rocky Mountains. The skull was smashed, the talons were extremely sharp,
the wings were long and broad, and the beak was hooked and sharp. What can we guess about the Falcon based on this
evidence?
a. The Falcon lived in the desert with many other falcon species
b. The Falcon fed on a diet of fleshy, meaty prey
c. The Falcon died because it was no longer able to capture prey due to its heavy wings
d. All of the above
38. You are asked to make a timeline and are given a scale of 1cm = 20 million years. You need to mark an event on the timeline
that happened 120 million years ago. How far do you need to measure on the timeline?
a. 1cm
c. 12cm
b. 6cm
d. 120cm
39. ________________ is the evolution of a new species.
a. Adaptation
c. Speciation
b. Extinction
d. Mutation
BONUS What two types of fossils
are represented?____________ And _____________ (2 points each
Use this Geologic Time Scale to answer questions 40-45
40. Which group appeared first on land?
a. Dinosaurs
c. Amphibians
b. Reptiles
d. Plants
41. If you were studying rock layers, which period would you find closest to the bottom?
a. Devonian
c. Ordivician
b. Jurassic
d. Paleocene
42. During which ERA was algae dominant?
a. Precambrian
c. Devonian
b. Paleozoic
d. Mesozoic
43. How long did the Permian period last?
a. 42 billion years
c. 38 million years
b. 41 million years
d. 4.6 billion years
44. Which ERA lasted the longest amount of time? (Warning: this figure is not drawn to scale)
a. Cenozoic
c. Paleozoic
b. Mesozoic
d. Precambrian
45. About how many years elapsed between the first reptiles appearing and the first dinosaurs appearing?
a. 10 thousand
c. 7 million
b. 10 billion
d. 70 million
1.
List and give examples of three types of evidence that support evolution. Hint: Think about structures, make up, and
development of organisms. (12 points) You will get two points for each piece of evidence and two points for each
explanation.
2.
Give at least three adaptations that raptors have in order to fly (6 points)
3.
Choose any animal that you can think of. In the table below describe the different factors of natural selection in your own
words, and then provide an example of that factor for the animal and the adaptation that you chose. Example: The large hind
legs of the snow shoe hare. (8 points)
Factor of Natural Selection
Organisms produce more offspring than
the environment can support
Organisms have variations
Different variations are selected for or
against by the environment
Over time the variations in a population
change
Explain this in your own words
Explain for your animal