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Name______________________________________________ Date _____________ Block_________ The Renaissance • The ______________ is the name given to the period from 1300 to 1600. • This was the time of a “___________” of interest in the classical culture of _________ and __________. • This __________ period included interest in _______ and ___________: _____________ _____________ Language Composition _____________ _____________ • These subjects are called the ___________ because they are the subjects concerned with __________ and _________, rather than science. • The Renaissance started in the _________ centers of northern Italy: Genoa ______________ Milan _______________ • The city of _____________ was the most powerful of these independent _________________. • Florence ran their own affairs: Collecting ____________ Supporting their own__________________ • Florence was a very _____________ city because its merchants and bankers • It controlled the trade routes between Europe and Asia in both ______________ and _______________. • By 1300’s Florence was the _____________ center of Europe • During the Hundred Years’ War between France and England, the ___________ of both countries were ______ with ______________ from the Florentine banks. • Success in business depended on the merchant’s own ________________. • A merchant’s social position was ____________________. • The merchants believed that they were great because of their ______________ as individuals. Patrons • Very _____________ people who gave money and ________ to the ____________ were called _______. • The most famous of these was Lorenzo de __________. • Many wealthy ___________ took interest in Greek and Roman ideas: They _____________ ancient art Placed art in their own _______________ for scholars to study. • _____________, 1304-1374, was an Italian poet • He led the early development of ____________ by: Studying ancient Roman _______________ Copying its _____________ in his own writings. • Giotto di ______________ developed the technique of painting on ___________ known as ___________ painting. • His figures looked __________ and _____________. • Dante _______________ write The Divine Comedy. • It is full of comments on the ___________ events of Dante’s time. • Dante’s works showed both the ___________ ideas of the Middle Ages and the _____________ concerns of the Renaissance. • Dante was the first poet to write in the ____________, _____________________ of the people. • Scholars such as ____________ who studied the classical texts of Greece and Rome were called _____________. • In the Renaissance, people believed that ________ should be lived to the _____________ following the examples of Greece and Rome. • The people of the Renaissance were interested in these ____________________ that made one person different from all others. • The ideal Renaissance person was: Educated ________________ Charming Artistically ____________ • They valued _________________ and praised people who were ______________ to society. Women • Upper class women were as well _____________ as the men. • They were expected to make use of their education at home learning ________________ _______________ music ____________________ guests being a credit to their husbands graciously • Women were not expected to take part in _____________ life. • They were better ______________ than the women of the Middle Ages. • Women of the Renaissance had less __________, economic, and social ______________ than the women of the Middle Ages. New Values of the Renaissance • The characteristics that set the Renaissance apart from the Middle Ages include: The celebration of individuals; artists wanted to be known and remembered as _____________. Two new art forms were developed. ______________ painting autobiography Love of _______________ learning _______________ culture _______________ culture Enjoyment of worldly ____________________. • Renaissance _______________ suggested that a person might love and enjoy these new art forms without ___________ God. Medici Family • The ______________ family made its fortune in __________ and ________________. • Cosimo Medici ________________ Florence from 1434 to 1464. • _____________ ruled behind the scenes. • He used his personal _________________ to ______________ the city establish the first free public______________ • In 1469, Cosimo’s grandson, age 21, named _____________ took over the behind the scenes power of Florence. • Lorenzo rules with __________________ power, and became know as Lorenzo the _____________. • Lorenzo ruled from 1469 until his death in 1492. • Two years after Lorenzo’s death, King ____________ of _____________ invaded Italy and attacked Florence. • For the next two generations France and Spain _________ _______________ all along the Italian peninsula. Machiavelli • The political climate of the Renaissance was one of intense _____________ for power. • With French and Spanish attacks throughout Italy, diplomacy and war became the keys to ___________. • Niccoli _________________ was a diplomat. • He tried to understand why one ruler _____________ while another ______________. • In 1513, he wrote a book of advice for rulers called ____ _______________. • It was a book about ______________. • Machiavelli believed that most people were ________, fickle, and _____________. • In the _________ for ___________ a ruler should not be concerned with what ____________ right, but what was _____________ effective. • __________ acts were __________ if they served the ___________ of the ____________ • The ___________ justified the ____________. Renaissance Art Raphael Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci Donatello • Renaissance __________ often used themes form ancient Rome and Greece, ___________ themes, and people busy with their _________________. • __________ major ___________ of Renaissance art were: Renaissance artists tried to show each _____________ character and personality in a ____________way. The paintings had _____________ and _____________ In about 1300, an Italian painter Masaccio was the first to use ___________ in his paintings. • Four geniuses of Renaissance art were ____________, Michelangelo, Leonardo _________, and Donatello. • _____________ combined religious art with a Renaissance spirit • He is famous for his _____________ paintings and the Painting of the School of _____________. School of Athens • _____________ was a painter, poet, _____________, and sculptor. • He considered himself a _______________. • He became famous because of a statue he made at the age of 23 showing ___________ holding the body of Jesus after the _________________. • The statue is called the ____________ • Pope ______________ asked _____________ to decorate the ceiling of the ____________ in the _________, Headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. • It took Michelangelo _________ years to decorate the ceiling with ___________; watercolor paintings on fresh _____________. • Leonardo ___________ painted the __________ and the _____________. • He is regarded as a genius because of his ___________ mind and curiosity. • He is __________ corpses to learn about _______ and _______ structure. • He drew __________ for __________machines, (invented by Wright brothers in 1908), ___________, (invented in US in 1891), ___________, (invented in France in 1785), and a machine __________ (invented in the US in 1861). • ___________ revived a classical form in his statue _________. • This ___________ was the first European sculpture of a large, free-standing nude since ancient times. • Sculpture was made more ______________ by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal ___________. Northern Renaissance • ___________ helped __________ the Renaissance ________ from Italy to France, Flanders, Belgium, and the Netherlands. • In 1528, ______________ of France employed many Italian artists, decorated, and architects to rebuild his castle at ___________________ bringing; more ideas north from Italy. • Sir ______________ of England also ___________the politics, society, and customs of the times. • His book written in 1516 was called __________ and described and ideal, peaceful society. Johann Gutenberg Printing Press • Johann ______________ is credited for inventing the ______________ type printing ___________. • This printing press printed the first book, a copy of the ___________. • The invention of the ___________ type printing ________ had three main effects: ____________ became ___________, so more people could afford to buy them. more people ________________ books more people _______________ to read Bookmaking became ______________; so many books could be published. People began to print books on ____________ other than religion Books were published in the ____________, the language of the common people, rather than Latin. Since many books were printed ___________ and ___________, scholars could easily ____________ their information with one another. Famous Writers of the Renaissance Cervantes Shakespeare • ____________, the greatest Spanish writer, who write a book in 1605 called Don ________________. • This book ___________ the medieval code of __________. • William _______________ 1564-1616, was an English actor, poet, and playwright. • His characters were complex and believable. • His plays include: Julius ___________, Anthony and Cleopatra, ___________, Romeo and Juliet, etc. Artists of the Northern Renaissance Jan Van Eyck Rembrandt • Artists of the ____________ Renaissance were famous for precise, ___________ detail and the use of ________ and _________________. • Jan ___________, the inventor of the _______ painting technique. • Oil painting was a new technique that allowed the artists to work more slowly, to create and blend new colors and show ________________ because it dried slowly. • He also painted the ___________________ utilizing this technique. • Rembrandt, who is the most well known of the _________ painters because of his expert use of _________ an ______________. • The _____________ belief in the worth and dignity of the individual played a key role in the rise of _____________ ideas!