Download The ability of an organism to obtain food, seek

Ecology Review
Vocab:
abiotic
acid rain/ acidification
autotroph
biological controls
biomass
biome
biosphere
biotic
carnivore
chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
climax community
commensalism
community
competition
consumer
decomposer
denitrifying bacteria
desert
detritivore
ecosystem
Name __________________
emission
energy pyramid
genus
grasslands
habitat
herbicide
herbivore
heterotroph
licens
limiting agent
mutation
mutualism
niche
nitrogen cycle
nitrogen fixing bacteria
omnivore
ozone layer
parasite/ parasitism
PCBs
pesticide
pioneer organisms
pollutant
population
predator
prey
producer
saprophyte
savannah
selecting agent
species
species
succession
symbiosis/ symbiotic
taiga
temperate deciduous
forest
trophic levels
tundra
water cycle
Multiple Choice:
1. The ability of an organism to obtain
food, seek shelter, and avoid predators is
most directly related to the function of
1 reproduction 3 locomotion
2 egestion
4 excretion
2 due to genetic changes and result in
favorable variations
3 not due to genetic changes and result in
unfavorable variations
4 not due to genetic changes and result in
favorable variations
2. An example of a population is
1 all the Zapus hudsonicus in New York
State
2 all the fish in Lake Erie
3 the number of different species of Felis
in a geographic area
4 the number of maples, white oaks,
spruce, gray squirrels, and owls in a
forest
4 The maintenance of a self-sustaining
ecosystem requires a
1 constant temperature
2 greater number of herbivores than
producers
3 cycling of materials between organisms
and their environment
4 soil that is acidic
3. Differences between the members of a
population will most likely be passed to
future generations if they are
1 due to genetic changes and result in
unfavorable variations
5 Animals that feed exclusively on
herbivores are known as
1 primary consumers 3 omnivores
2 carnivores
4 producers
6 As water cycles through an ecosystem,
which process returns it to the
atmosphere?
1 hydrolysis
3 condensation
2 transpiration
4 cyclosis
7 In a food web, which organisms are
necessary for the recycling of nitrogen?
1 frogs
3 snakes
2 grasshoppers
4 bacteria
8 Which action by humans has had the
most positive ecological impact on the
environment?
1 use of pesticides to regulate insect
populations
2 importation of organisms such as the
Japanese beetle and the zebra mussel
into the United States
3 overhunting of many predators to
prevent the death of prey animals
4 reforestation and covercropping to
prevent soil erosion
Base your answers to questions 9 through
11 on the diagram below, which shows the
sequence of plant communities that have
occupied land that was left barren 300
years ago, and on your knowledge of
biology.
9 In which biome would this sequence of
plant communities most likely be found?
1 taiga
2 tundra
3 tropical rain forest
4 temperate deciduous forest
10 Dominant plant species in the climax
community include
1 pine trees
3 mosses
2 hickory trees
4 lichens
11 Which plant species represent pioneer
organisms?
1 broomsedge and pine seedlings
2 ragweed and aster
3 crabgrass and horseweed
4 oak and hickory trees
12 Why does each successive feeding
level in a pyramid of energy have less
biomass?
1 Carnivore biomass is less than producer
biomass as a result of energy being lost
as it flows from producers to carnivores.
2 The primary consumer level contains
more stored energy than the producer
level.
3 Consumers have more biomass than
autotrophs because they must absorb all
of the light energy in an ecosystem.
4 Biomass differences in an ecosystem
result from competition between
producers.
13 Which type of biome occupies the
largest area of Earth?
1 marine
3 tropical rain forest
2 grassland 4 temperate deciduous forest
14 The action of decomposers in the
nitrogen cycle most directly aids in the
1 synthesis of proteins from nitrates
2 removal of nitrogen compounds from
the atmosphere
3 restoration of nitrogen compounds to the
soil
4 fixation of atmospheric nitrogen
15 Many more species of plants and
animals live in a tropical forest than live in
a desert. This difference is most likely due
to the fact that, compared to a tropical
forest, a desert
1 has less available sunlight
2 contains soil with sand
3 contains less water
4 has more carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere
Base your answers to questions 16 through
18 on the diagram below and on your
knowledge of biology.
16 Which term belongs in area A?
1 mutualism
3 saprophytism
2 prey
4 host
17 Which phrase belongs in area B?
1 protozoa within termites
2 athlete’s foot fungus on humans
3 nitrogen-fixing bacteria within legume
nodules
4 orchids on tropical trees
18 Organisms that are always part of the
relationship indicated by letter C may be
classified as
1 bryophytes
3 scavengers
2 parasites
4 carnivores
19 A student observes a small pond
community and notices that many geese
are hatched there each spring. The baby
geese feed on the grass surrounding
the pond. The snapping turtles in the
pond feed on the baby geese. Which
pyramid of energy correctly illustrates
these relationships?
20 The diagram below shows some
pathways in the cycling of materials in the
environment.
Which two processes are involved in the
cycling shown in the diagram?
1 succession and transpiration
2 photosynthesis and cellular respiration
3 artificial selection and deamination
4 enzymatic hydrolysis and regeneration
21 Which group of organisms is an
example of a population?
1 leopard frogs in a stream
2 birds in Colorado
3 reptiles in the Sahara Desert
4 trees in a forest
22 Which statement concerning an
ecosystem is correct?
1 It can exist with or without a constant
source of energy input.
2 It must contain consumers but can exist
without producers.
3 It involves interactions between biotic
and abiotic factors.
4 It can exist on land, but it cannot exist in
lakes, rivers, or oceans.
23 Which term refers to the behavior of
two species attempting to use the same
living space, food source, and water
source?
1 saprophytic
3 predatory
2 competitive
4 symbiotic
24 In the diagram below, which organism
is classified as both a primary and a
secondary consumer?
25 Which human activity would most
likely have a positive impact on the
environment?
1 using pesticides to decrease populations
of birds of prey
2 increasing emissions into the atmosphere
to decrease the pH of lakes
3 using parasites for biological control of
pests to increase crop yields
4 engaging in uncontrolled hunting and
trapping to reduce populations of
carnivores
Base your answers to questions 26 and 27
on the information below and on your
knowledge of biology.
An ecologist passed through different
biomes while driving up a high mountain.
At the lowest elevation (sea level), the
ecologist saw deep-green vegetation,
many birds, and small mammals. At the
highest elevation, the ecologist saw bare
rock, very little vegetation, and few birds.
26 Which sequence of biomes did the
ecologist most likely pass through while
driving from the lowest elevation to the
highest elevation of this
mountain?
1 grassland tundra taiga
2 taiga tundra temperate deciduous
forest
3 tundra temperate deciduous forest
taiga
4 temperate deciduous forest taiga
tundra
27 Which change was most likely
encountered as the ecologist drove up the
mountain?
1 an increase in the diversity of species
2 an increase in the amount of atmospheric
oxygen
3 a decrease in temperature
4 a decrease in latitude
28 The diagram below shows a food
pyramid.
Which level of the food pyramid contains
consumers
with the least biomass?
1 snakes
3 crickets
2 frogs
4 green plants
29 Acacia trees provide food for a species
of ant that lives on them. The ants defend
the acacia tree from grasshoppers and
beetles. This relationship between the ant
and acacia tree is best described as
1 commensalism
3 parasitism
2 mutualism
4 saprophytism
30 Which pair of organisms represents a
predator/prey relationship?
1 owl and mouse
2 protozoan and termite
3 tapeworm and dog
4 deer and apple tree
31Atmospheric nitrogen can only be used
by most living things after it has been
1 converted to nitrates with the help of
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
2 taken in by plants through the lenticels
3 converted to ammonia by bacteria of
decay
4 combined with carbon dioxide to form
protein
32 Which two factors are abiotic limiting
factors that affect organisms in marine
biomes?
1 amount of algae and wide temperature
variations
2 amount of carbon dioxide and variety of
producer organisms
3 amount of moisture and variety of
consumer organisms
4 amount of oxygen and concentration of
dissolved salts
33 The first living things to grow
successfully on a newly formed sand dune
are known as
1 saprophytes
3 carnivorous plants
2 pioneer organisms 4 heterotrophs
34 Male grizzly bears can maintain
territorial control over many square miles.
This role as a top predator in the territory
is known as
1 a habitat
3 a biosphere
2 an ecosystem
4 a niche
35 A pond surrounded by a beech-maple
forest dries up. What will most likely
happen if the pond remains dry for one
more year?
1 A beech-maple forest will replace the
pond.
2 No further change will occur in the area
previously covered by the pond.
3 Grasses will most likely grow on the
bottom of the dried-up pond.
4 The pond will fill in due to seasonal
dieback of aquatic vegetation.
36 A certain plant requires moisture,
oxygen, carbon dioxide, light, and
minerals in order to survive. This
statement shows that a living organism
depends on
1. biotic factors
2. abiotic factors
3. symbiotic relationships
4. carnivore-herbivore relationships
42 Events that take place in a biome are
shown in the diagram below. Which
information formation is represented in
the diagram?
37 Which is a biotic factor operating
within an ecosystem?
1. the type of climate in a given region
2. the carnivores that consume other
animals
3. the amount of helium gas in the air
4. the rate of flow of water in a river
38 All of Earth's water, land, and
atmosphere within which life exists is
known as
1. a population
2. a community
3. a biome
4. the biosphere
39 Most autotrophs store energy in the
form of
1. starches
3. water
2. carbon dioxide
4. nucleic acids
40 Which life process is classified as
autotrophic in some organisms and
heterotrophic in other organisms?
1. hormonal regulation
2. nutrition
3. anaerobic respiration
4. transport
41 Which waste product of a
grasshopper may be retained and used in
other metabolic activities?
1. water
3. carbon dioxide
2. uric acid
4. feces
1. Respiration and photosynthesis are
interrelated
2. Transpiration and condensation are
related to the water cycle.
3. Decomposers release a material that is
acted on by other organisms.
4. Predators and their prey are involved
in many interactions.
43 An ecosystem, such as an aquarium,
is self-sustaining if it involves the
interaction between organisms, a flow of
energy, and the presence of
1. equal numbers of plants and animals
2. more animals than plants
3. materials cycles
4. pioneer organisms
44 A scorpion stalks, kills, and then eats
a spider. Based on its behavior, which
ecological terms describe the scorpion?
1. producer, herbivore, decomposer
2. producer, carnivore, heterotroph
3. predator, carnivore, consumer
4. predator, autotroph, herbivore
45 Which organisms are dependent upon
other animals for food?
1. producers
3. scavengers
2. herbivores 4. primary consumers
46 Certain bacteria living in a human's
large intestine help to produce vitamin
K. This relationship is an example of
1. animal parasitism 3. commensalism
2. plant parasitism
4. mutualism
Base your answers to 47 and 48 on the
diagram below and on your knowledge
of biology. The diagram illustrates the
relationships between the organisms in a
certain pond.
47 In addition to sunlight, another factor
needed to make this a self-sustaining
ecosystem would be the presence of….
1. producers
2. primary consumers
3. decomposers
4. higher order consumers
48 In this pond community, which
organisms are secondary consumers?
1. aquatic crustaceans and racoons
2. carnivorous fish and aquatic
crustaceans
3. ducks and minnows
4. ducks and carnivorous fish
49The timber wolves, rabbits, and
vegetation in a particular region of
northern New York together constitute
part of a
1. population
3. genus
2. community
4. species
50 All the plants, animals, and protists
living in a forest make up a
1. population
3. species
2. community
4. phylum
51 A rocky island appears as oceanic
waters recede. Which of the following
forms of vegetation would probably
appear first on the bare rocks?
1. lichens
3. shrubs
2. weeds
4. pioneer trees
short answer:
1. In a process known as biological
control, natural predators that prey on
plants or animal pests are used to control
the population of pests. Identify example
of a biological control.