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DRMRSPVANDERTRAMP Each letter stands for a verb that illustrated in the maison d’être! VANDERTRAMP VERBS 1. The verbs below are the basic ones conjugated with être in compound tenses. You can learn these verbs as a mnemonic. That lovely old couple DR & MRS P. VANDERTRAMP contains all the first letters of the verbs taking être. Devenir Retourner and Mourir Rentrer Sortir Passer Venir Arriver Naître Descendre Entrer Revenir Tomber Rester Aller Monter Partir ** VERY IMPORTANT POINT. You should note that the past participle of all the above verbs agrees with the subject in number and gender. For example, you write: Mme Vandertramp est morte, because Mme Vandertramp is feminine and singular, so the past participle agrees. Thus: Elle est partie (Feminine singular) Nous sommes rentrés (Masculine plural) OR Nous sommes rentrées (Feminine plural) Je suis venu (Masculine singular) OR Je suis venue (Feminine singular) IMPARFAIT FORMATION The imparfait (imperfect) is regular for all verbs except être. It is formed by dropping the ending –ons from the nous form and adding the endings: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, and -aient. Racine de l’imparfait + terminaison de l’imparfait (Imperfect stem) + (imperfect ending) a) La racine (the stem) This is how you figure out the stem: Imperfect stem = present “nous” form of the verb (without “ons”) Exemples: INFINITIF parler finir partir vendre boire avoir PRESENT NOUS FORM nous parlons nous finissons nous partons nous vendons nous buvons → nous avons → → → → → → IMPERFECT STEM parl….. finiss…. part… vend…. buv… av…. b) Les terminaisons (the endings) The endings are the same for all the verbs, regulars and irregulars. imperfect endings: Je Tu Il -ais -ais -ait Nous Vous Ils -ions -iez -aient c) Verbs ending in _-GER (ex : manger) INFINITIF manger PRESENT NOUS FORM → nous mangeons IMPERFECT STEM → mange….. Be careful in the nous and vous forms of the imperfect, you need to drop the « e ». je mangeais tu mangeais il mangeait nous mangions vous mangiez ils mangeaient → drop the « e » → drop the « e » d) Verbs ending in _-CER (ex : commencer) INFINITIF commencer PRESENT NOUS FORM → nous commençons IMPERFECT STEM → commenç….. Be careful in the nous and vous forms of the imperfect, you need to drop the « cédille », (ç becomes c) je commençais tu commençais il commençait nous commencions vous commenciez ils commençaient → drop the « cédille » (ç becomes c) → drop the « cédille » (ç becomes c) Be careful with regular –IER verbs There is a double i in “nous” and “vous” forms ex: nous étudiions. e) Exception : le verbe être There is only one exception to the formation of the imperfect: ÊTRE. The stem for être in the imperfect is: ét….. To this stem you add the regular imperfect endings. j’étais tu étais il était nous étions vous étiez ils étaient LE PASSÉ COMPOSÉ (1) A. Le passé composé with avoir. The passé composé (p/c) is used to express an action completed in the past. The p/c of most verbs consists of the present tense form of the auxiliary* verb avoir followed by the past participle of the conjugated verb. *auxiliary verb is also called or helping verb. Part #1 Part #2 avoir + (conjugated to the subjet) past participle (of the verb) 2 distinct parts to form the passé composé Let’s have a look at the verb parler (to speak) in the p.c. parler = infinitive parlé = past participle PARLER Singular J’ Tu Il / elle First person Second person Third person ai as a parlé parlé parlé Plural Nous avons Vous avez Ils / elles ont parlé parlé parlé In English depending on the circumstances, you would have 2 possible translations. J’ai parlé = I spoke / I did speak I have spoken (preterit) (present perfect) The past participle of a regular verb is formed by replacing the infinitive ending by the appropriate past participle ending. -er → -é parler → parlé -ir → -i finir → fini -re → -u vendre → vendu ATTENTION : be careful as irregular verbs have irregular past participles B. Negative form. The negative form of the p/c is formed by placing ne (or n’) before the conjugated form of avoir and pas (or most other negative words) after it. (In other words, sandwich the helping verb avoir with ne…….pas) PARLER First person Second person Third person Je Tu Il / elle Singular n’ ai pas parlé n’ as pas parlé n’ a pas parlé Plural Nous n’ avons Vous n’ avez Ils / elles n’ ont pas parlé pas parlé pas parlé