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Name: _____________________________ Period: _____ Date: _________________________ Pretest: Ch 23 & 24: Bacteria and Viruses 1. _____ rod shaped bacteria 2. _____ outermost layer in some (but not all) bacteria 3. _____ a virus that contains RNA that gets copied into DNA and becomes part of the host’s genome 4. _____ clusters of bacteria have this word as part of their name 5. _____ drug used to treat a bacterial infection 6. _____ spiral shaped bacteria A. antibiotic B. antibiotic resistance C. bacillus D. bacteriophage E. binary fission F. capsule G. coccus H. Gram negative I. Gram positive J. latent phage K. plasmid L. prokaryote M. retrovirus N. spirillum O. staphyloP. streptoQ. vaccine R. vector S. virulent phage 7. _____ bacteria that have cell walls that are simple and dye purple, cause anthrax, botulism and strep throat 8. _____ has no nuclear membrane and no organelles with membranes. 9. _____ organism that spreads a viral disease, sometimes without being affected 10. _____ small extra piece of DNA exchanged by bacteria during sexual reproduction 11. _____ chains of bacteria have this word as part of their name 12. _____ when drugs that kill bacteria no longer work 13. _____ a virus that attacks a bacteria 14. _____ drug used to prevent a viral infection 15. _____ a virus that may remain dormant (inactive) in the body for a long time. Herpes and HIV are examples. 16. _____ round bacteria 17. _____ bacteria that have cell walls that are complex and dye red 18. _____ asexual reproduction in bacteria 19. _____ viruses that act quickly to destroy host cells 20. – 21. Describe the two ways that bacteria are classified 22. - 23. Name two good things and two bad things that bacteria do for/to us. Use the following terms to label the bacteria (right) and virus (left). Letters may be used once, more than once or not at all. A. Capsid B. Cell membrane C. Cell wall D. Cilia E. DNA F. DNA or RNA G. Flagellum H. Head I. Pilli J. Ribosome K. Tail Btw…bacteria and viruses come in many shapes…these are just “generic” diagrams of no one particular virus or bacterium. 27. _____ 33. _____ 24. _____ 28. _____ 29. _____ 25. _____ 30. _____ 32. _____ 31. _____ 26. _____ 34. – 35. Are viruses alive? Explain why/why not. 36. – 37. What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles for viruses? 38. – 39. Name two ways to control viral disease. Answer Key_ Name: __ Period: _____ Date: _________________________ Pretest: Ch 23 & 24: Bacteria and Viruses C__ rod shaped bacteria 1. __ F__ outermost layer in some (but 2. __ A. antibiotic B. antibiotic resistance not all) bacteria C. bacillus D. bacteriophage copied into DNA and becomes part of the host’s genome E. binary fission F. capsule G. coccus as part of their name H. Gram negative I. Gram positive M__ a virus that contains RNA that gets 3. __ O__ clusters of bacteria have this word 4. __ A__ drug used to treat a bacterial infection 5. __ N__ spiral shaped bacteria 6. __ I 7. __ __ bacteria that have cell walls that are simple and dye purple, cause anthrax, botulism and strep throat L__ has no nuclear membrane and no organelles 8. __ with membranes. R__ organism that spreads a viral disease, 9. __ J. latent phage K. plasmid L. prokaryote M. retrovirus N. spirillum O. staphyloP. streptoQ. vaccine R. vector S. virulent phage sometimes without being affected K__ small extra piece of DNA exchanged by bacteria during sexual 10. __ reproduction P__ chains of bacteria have this word as part of their name 11. __ B__ when drugs that kill bacteria no longer work 12. __ D__ a virus that attacks a bacteria 13. __ Q__ drug used to prevent a viral infection 14. __ J___ a virus that may remain dormant (inactive) in the body for a long time. 15. __ Herpes and HIV are examples. G__ round bacteria 16. __ H__ bacteria that have cell walls that are complex and dye red 17. __ E__ asexual reproduction in bacteria 18. __ S__ viruses that act quickly to destroy host cells 19. __ 20. – 21. Describe the two ways that bacteria are classified By gram stain…Gram positive have simple cell walls, Gram negative have complex cell walls. By shape….round, rod or spiral…and group cluster or strips 22. - 23. Name two good things and two bad things that bacteria do for/to us. Make food for us (cheese, yogurt), create medicines, digest waste Cause diseases, spoil food Use the following terms to label the bacteria (right) and virus (left). Letters may be used once, more than once or not at all. A. Capsid B. Cell membrane C. Cell wall D. Cilia E. DNA F. DNA or RNA G. Flagellum H. Head I. Pilli J. Ribosome K. Tail Btw…bacteria and viruses come in many shapes…these are just “generic” diagrams of no one particular virus or bacterium. A__ F__ 27. __ J__ 24. __ C__ 29. __B__ 33. __ 28. __ H__ 25. __ E__ 30. __ I 32. __ __ G__ 31. __ K__ 26. __ 34. – 35. Are viruses alive? Explain why/why not. No…can’t reproduce (on own), can’t metabolize (make/use energy), can’t grow, can’t perform homeostasis 36. – 37. What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles for viruses? Lytic: nucleic acids enter cell, cell makes new phages, which burst out and kill the cell (virulent), fast Lysenogenic: viral nucleic acids become part of host genome (genes), enters lytic cycle later (temperate), slow 38. – 39. Name two ways to control viral disease. Vaccines…prevent before it spreads by “priming” body’s immune system Antiviral drugs…there are a few, but antibiotics DO NOT WORK against viruses Control the vector…whatever is spreading it