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12
Stress, Coping, and Health
Chapter 12 TEACHING OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, the student should be able to:
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Define stress and stressor, and distinguish between them.
List the conditions that contribute to stress.
List the three kinds of events that have been found to be especially stressful.
Explain why change is stressful.
List the findings concerning stress reactions for each of the three natural
disasters listed in the text.
6. Define conflict, and list and define the four main types of conflicts.
7. Explain how uncertainty and doubt contribute to stress:
8. Explain the role of cognitive appraisal in the experience of stress, and define
primary and secondary appraisal.
9. Explain the experiment done by Hans Selye.
10. List and explain the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome.
11. Define somatoform disorder and list symptoms that commonly occur in
response to stress.
12. Explain the research into the effect of stress on survival.
13. Discuss the Life Stress scale and discuss its link to illness.
14. List the factors that determine whether or not an individual will experience
symptoms as a result of life stressors.
15. Explain the physiological changes in the immune system that occur in
response to stress, and list the factors that are likely to reduce the potential
damage.
16. Define psychoneuroimmunology.
17. Discuss the findings on the relationship between stress, anger, and high blood
pressure.
18. List and explain five types of stressful situations that are likely to lead to
anxiety.
19. Discuss the effect of anxiety on cognitive performance.
20. Define test anxiety, and list ways to reduce it.
21. Define post traumatic stress disorder, and list its physical and psychological
symptoms.
22. Explain the environmental and physical reasons why stress may lead to
depression.
23. Define burnout, and list its causes, its symptoms, and the remedies to reduce
it.
24. Define assertive coping, and list strategies that reflect it.
25. List and explain three varieties of coping.
26. Discuss the following factors with regard to coping ability:
control
hardiness
social support
optimism
exercise
27. Define biofeedback
28. Define defense mechanism, list its purpose, and specify advantages and
disadvantages.
29. List, define, and give an example of nine defense mechanisms.
30. Explain the goal of positive psychology.
31. Explain the relationship between optimism and coping.
32. List six ways to increase well-being and optimism.
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